Biofuels In Internal Combustion Engines Research Articles

Improving Diesel Engine Reliability Using an Optimal Prognostic Model to Predict Diesel Engine Emissions and Performance Using Pure Diesel and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

The reliability of internal combustion engines becomes an important aspect when traditional fuels with biofuels. Therefore, the development of prognostic models becomes very important for evaluating and predicting the replacement of traditional fuels with biofuels in internal combustion engines. The models have been made to model AVL 5402 engine emission, vibration, and sound pressure parameters using a three-stage statistical regression models. The fifteen parameters might be accurately predicted by a single statistic presented here. Both fuel type (diesel fuel and HVO) and engine parameters that can be adjusted were considered, since this analysis followed the symmetry of the methods. The data analysis process included three distinct steps and symmetric statistical regression testing was performed. The algorithm examined the effectiveness of various engine settings. Finally, the optimal fixed engine parameter and the optimal statistic were used to construct an ANCOVA model. The ANCOVA model improved the accuracy of prediction for all fifteen missing parameters.

A phenomenological description of biomass powder combustion in internal combustion engines

An alternative strategy to implement the use of biofuels in internal combustion engines is to use minimally refined biofuels and redirect savings to engine modifications. While the idea of using coal dust in engines has been studied extensively, the combustion of micronized biomass powder has not been given due consideration. To understand and describe the phenomena, several exploratory tests were conducted in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The engine was operated with micronized powders of cellulose, wood char, wheat straw, chestnut wood, rice husk and pine bark with an average particle size of 20 μm. Cellulose combustion was found to be difficult to initiate, mostly because of endothermic depolymerization reactions. Despite its lower volatile content, wood char showed improved performance over cellulose. Both combustible powders presented premixed-like heat release profiles. Carbon monoxide, released during partial combustion of submicronic particles in the early stages of the compression stroke was found to be the main combustion driver. Nitrogen testing with wheat straw highlighted the occurrence of a torrefaction process leading to the formation of water with small amounts of pyrolysis products. A numerical study using adimensional numbers indicates that the transition from kinetically-limited to convection-limited CO production process is restricted to particles smaller than 50 μm as in-cylinder temperatures increase.

Biofuels as an alternative drive for vehicles

Due to the increase in the number of vehicles on the roads, the environment is becoming increasingly burdened by exhaust gases produced by the combustion of fuel in internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The most significant gases produced by the combustion of fossil fuels in ICEVs are: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon oxides (CO and CO2), water steam, particulate matters (PM) and various hydrocarbons (CH). Alternatives to fossil fuels are increasingly being explored in order to reduce the harmful impact of exhaust gases on the environment. One of the possibilities of reducing harmful gas emissions is the use of alternative drives and fuels. An alternative to fossil fuels produced from crude oil are biofuels produced from renewable sources. The use of biofuels in internal combustion engines leads to a significant reduction in the emissions of harmful exhaust gases from vehicles and, therefore, to a reduction in environmental pollution.

Study of the flammability of vegetable oils in the combustion chamber of diesel engines

Promising biofuels for diesel engines are vegetable oils and fuels derived from them. The advantages of using biofuels in internal combustion engines were considered. The problems of using vegetable oils in diesel engines have been analyzed. It is noted that the main issues of using vegetable oils are their high viscosity and their worst flammability in the combustion chamber of diesel engines. The flammability indicators of vehicle fuels in the combustion chamber of diesel engines were considered. The most important among them is the cetane number of the fuel. The factors influencing the cetane number of vegetable oils have been determined. The dependences of the cetane number of vegetable oils on the flash point in a closed-cup, the content of oleic acid, and the content of saturated fatty acids have been obtained and analyzed. These dependences have been compared with a multi-factorial dependence of the cetane number on the basic triglyceride contents.

Biofuels in Automobiles: Advantages and Disadvantages: A Review

Background: Biofuels are one of the promising alternative fuel sources for automobiles. The use of biofuels in combustion engines of automobiles showed many advantages and disadvantages. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of using biofuels in internal combustion engines are reviewed and summarized based on early studies. Biofuels can offer favorable well-towheel CO2 balance in our environment and improve engine power and efficiency. Oxygen contents in biofuels also provide advantages for the fuel combustion. However, biofuels, also showed some disadvantages, like corrosiveness to engine systems and low heating values of biofuels. Boiling temperature, absorption with water, vapor toxicity, and autoignition of biofuels showed advantages for some types and drawbacks for others.

Оптимизация состава смесевых биотоплив с добавками растительных масел

The paper deals with a topical issue of using biofuels in internal combustion engines. Promising biofuels may be derived from vegetable oils. In agriculture, using blends of petroleum fuel and a moderate amount of vegetable oil is economically feasible. We consider rapeseed oil and sunflower oil as these possible additives. We list physical and chemical properties of vegetable oils and blends of vegetable oils and diesel fuel. We analysed the experimental investigation results concerning the D-245.12S diesel engine running on petroleum fuel and its blends with vegetable oil additives specified above. We demonstrate that it is possible to improve environmental performance of a diesel by using these biofuel blends. We present a method for optimising the composition of petroleum fuel blends with vegetable oil additives that is based on determining a generalised optimality criterion as a sum of partial optimality criteria characterising regulated toxic component content in diesel exhaust gas emissions. We used the method presented to perform optimisation calculations and determine the optimum composition for biofuel blends with vegetable oil additives. We developed a method for estimating environmental safety of diesel power plants that takes into account the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the diesel exhaust gases. We show that knowing benzo[a]pyrene emission levels of a diesel running on a specific type of fuel is enough to estimate the degree of environmental threat of its exhaust gases

Vibration analysis of a diesel engine using biodiesel fuel blended with nano particles by dual fueling of hydrogen

In pursuit of environmental friendly alternative fuels for diesel engines, biodiesel is a promising alternative. Efforts are on in utilizing the biodiesel with diesel in Internal Combustion (IC) engines, because of its reduced pollution characteristics. Long-term effects of these biofuels in IC engines have not been explored earnestly. Enduring effects of which are high noise & vibration and irregular & erratic combustion leading to knocking. Few researches on vibration analysis of biodiesel blends have been reported. Hence, an effort is made to study the vibration characteristics of biodiesel blends amidst Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nano particles with hydrogen in dual fuel mode. Initially, experimentation is carried out to record vibration signatures with 100 ppm concentration of ZnO particles of 20 & 40 nm sizes suspended in Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) biodiesel along with hydrogen as secondary fuel. In order to avoid strenuous experimentation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict Root Mean Square (RMS) of velocity. ANN predictions are found to be scrupulously matching with the experimental values as manifested by the regression values of 0.97185, 0.98574 & 0.96913 for prediction of RMS velocities in horizontal, vertical & axial directions respectively. It is found that the best fuel blend with least vibration is B30 & B20 with nano particle of size 40 nm for hydrogen flow rates of 0.5, 1.0 & 1.5 l/min.

Radiative Heat Transfer and Fluorescence Measurements in Laminar Prevaporized Canola Methyl Ester/Diesel Blend Flames

Biofuels, such as canola methyl ester (CME), continue to receive considerable attention for their potential use as alternatives to petroleum diesel fuel. The studies on the application of biofuels in internal combustion engines, in general, have shown a considerable reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), soot, and radiative heat emissions, and a small increase in NOx emissions. Radiative heat transfer from flames, which is important in applications such as gas turbines and glass-manufacturing furnaces, has received little attention. The objective of this investigation was to document radiative heat transfer and radical and gas concentration measurements to understand the dominant mechanism of heat transfer in CME/diesel blend flames. In order to isolate the fuel chemical effects on the combustion characteristics of fuels, laminar flames of prevaporized liquid fuels were studied at injector-exit equivalence ratios of 1.2, 2, 3, and 7. Measurements of radiative heat transfer and flame structure including OH and CH radical concentration field were completed. While the peak temperatures in the various blend flames were comparable at the same equivalence ratio, the total flame radiation decreased with the increase in CME concentration in the fuel. Estimates of radiation from gaseous species and soot indicated that about 27–30% of the radiation was from gases, and the rest from soot. The gaseous species contribution to the flame radiation increased slightly with the biofuel content in the blend.

Editorial: Biofuels in internal combustion engines

Editorial: Biofuels in internal combustion engines