Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Values Research Articles

Phase angle and donor type are determinants of coronary artery calcification in stable kidney transplant recipients at twelve months after transplantation

Background and aimCoronary artery calcification (CAC) partially explains the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. This study aimed to investigate determinants of CAC in stable kidney transplant recipients at 12 months post-transplantation. Methods and resultsCAC-score was quantified by the Agatston method using non-contrast enhanced computed tomography, and age- and sex-standardized CAC-percentiles were calculated. Univariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression was performed to study potential determinants of CAC. The independent determinants were included in multivariable multinomial logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. 203 KTRs (age 54.0 ± 14.7 years, 61.1% male) were included. Participants were categorized into four groups according to CAC percentiles (p = 0 [CAC-score = 0], n = 68; p ≥ 1%-p ≤ 50% [CAC score = 29.0 (4.0–166.0)], n = 31; p > 50 ≤ 75% [CAC score = 101.0 (23.8–348.3)], n = 26; and p>75% [CAC score = 581.0 (148.0–1652)], n = 83). Upon multivariable multinomial logistic regression, patients with a narrower phase angle and patients who had received a graft from a deceased donor had a higher risk of being in the >75th CAC-percentile. ConclusionsThis study identifies not only metabolic and transplant-related factors, but also phase angle, a composite marker of cell integrity, as an independent determinant of CAC at 12 months after kidney transplantation. This study offers new perspectives for future research into the value of bioelectrical impedance analysis in relation to vascular calcification in kidney transplant recipients.

Comparison of series and parallel reactance to identify changes in intracellular water in response to physical training in athletes during a sports season

Cross-sectional evidence has demonstrated that parallel reactance obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be an alternative to the regularly used series of measurements to predict intracellular water (ICW) in athletes. However, we are not aware of any studies that have determined the predictive role or compared the effectiveness of both series and parallel reactance for tracking ICW changes during an athletic season. The main aim of this study was to determine the predictive role and compare both series and parallel reactance (Xc) in tracking ICW during an athletic season. This longitudinal study analyzed 108 athletes in the preparatory and competitive periods. Using dilution techniques, total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were determined and ICW was calculated. Resistance (R), Xc, and impedance (Z) standardized for height were obtained through BIA spectroscopy using a frequency of 50kHz in a series array and then mathematically transformed in a parallel array. Multiple regression analyses showed that only changes in parallel Xc and capacitance (CAP) (P < 0.05) were predictors of delta ICW during the sports season. In contracts, this was not the case for Xcs. Both changes in R and Z, series and parallel, predicted similarly the changes in ECW and TBW (P < 0.05) in athletes. Our findings highlight the potential of parallel BIA values to detect changes in body water compartments over a competitive season. These data provide preliminary evidence that changes in parallel Xc/H, and ultimately CAP, represent valid markers of alterations in cell volume during a sports season.

Prognostic value of bioelectrical impedance analysis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: a VALOR® study.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) serves as a method to estimate body composition. Parameters such as phase angle (PA), standardized phase angle (SPA), body mass cell (BCM), BCM index (BCMI), and fat-free mass (FFM) might significantly impact the prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The present study aimed to investigate whether bioelectrical parameters can be used to predict survival in the HNC population and establish the optimal cutoff points for predictive accuracy. A multicenter observational study was performed across 12 tertiary hospitals in Andalusia (a region from the south of Spain). A total of 494 patients diagnosed with HNC between 2020 and 2022 at different stages were included in this study, with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. The BIA assessment was carried out during the first 2 weeks of radical radiotherapy treatment with chemotherapy or other systemic treatments. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of overall survival, complications, hospital admission, and palliative care and its relationship with BIA nutritional assessment was performed. Significant prognostic factors identified in the multivariable analysis encompassed phase angle (PA), standardized phase angle (SPA), body cell mass (BCM), and BCM index (BCMI). Lower PA and BCM values were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. A BCM threshold above 17 kg/m2 was the most significant predictor for predicting survival within the overall HNC population. The PA values of <5.1° in male and <4.8° in female patients showed the best predictive potential for mortality. Increased PA (as a continuous variable) demonstrated a significantly reduced risk for mortality (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.94; p < 0.05) and a decreased likelihood of hospital admission (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.52-1.07; p < 0.05). Higher BCM correlated with a lower risk of mortality (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96; p < 0.01) and a diminished probability of hospital admission (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99; p < 0.05). BIA is a crucial tool in the nutritional assessment of HNC patients. BCM and PA are the main bioelectrical parameters used to predict clinical outcomes in this population. Future studies are needed to validate BIA variables in a large cohort to ensure whether early intensification of nutritional treatment would improve survival.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Can Be an Effective Tool for Screening Fatty Liver in Patients with Suspected Liver Disease.

Although abdominal ultrasound (USG) or controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score of transient elastography (TE) is recommended for the diagnosis of fatty liver, issues regarding cost and accessibility still exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate if bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can be used as a reliable screening tool for fatty liver. A total of 249 patients who underwent all three tests including TE, BIA, and USG were enrolled. The correlation between fat mass measured by BIA, CAP score of TE, and fatty liver grade measured by USG was analyzed. In addition, the cut-off value of BIA which can predict the fatty liver grade was calculated. Fat mass index (FMI) assessed by BIA increased significantly along with the rise in fatty liver grade measured by USG (normal: 6.2 ± 2.4, Gr I: 8.0 ± 3.7, Gr II: 10.6 ± 3.5, Gr III: 10.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the CAP score of TE and the FMI of BIA. Additionally, a total body fat mass increase by 24.3% or 29.8% in men and 34.8% or 35.1% in women increased the possibility of developing any grade of fatty liver or significant fatty liver (≥Gr II fatty liver), respectively. The total fat or fat mass index of BIA was related to fatty liver as assessed by ultrasound or CAP score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was about 0.8. Thus, BIA can be used as a screening tool for fatty liver in patients with suspected liver disease.

Patient and Staff Perceptions on Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in an Outpatient Haemodialysis Setting: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an objective hydration and body composition assessment method recommended for use in haemodialysis patients. Limited research exists on the acceptability and utility of BIA in clinical practice. This qualitative study explored patient and staff acceptability and perceived value of BIA in an outpatient haemodialysis setting at a tertiary public hospital in Queensland, Australia. Participants included five patients receiving outpatient haemodialysis and 12 multidisciplinary clinical staff providing care to these patients. Semi-structured interviews were employed and data were analysed thematically. Patients were satisfied with the BIA measurement process and most thought the BIA data would be useful for monitoring changes in their nutrition status. Clinical staff valued BIA data for improving fluid management, assessing nutrition status and supporting patient care. Staff recommended targeting BIA use to patient groups who would benefit the most to improve its uptake in the haemodialysis setting. Conclusions: BIA use in the outpatient haemodialysis setting is acceptable and provides valuable objective data to support health-related behaviour changes in patients and enhance clinical practice. Implementation of BIA should be tailored to the local context and staff should be supported in its use.

Оценка состава тела в исследовании физического развития детей с атопическим дерматитом

The physical development of children can be considered as a marker of nutritional adequacy. Atopic dermatitis often co-occurs with food allergies. Avoiding a range of foods can affect the physical development of the child. An important parameter characterizing the level of physical development and reflecting the child’s nutritional status is the body mass index (BMI). However, BMI does not always adequately assess the degree of fat deposition at the individual level. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a promising direction in the early diagnosis of changes in the body composition of the child before changes in anthropometric parameters appear. BIA allows for a rapid assessment of body composition, but reference BIA values for younger children are unknown. The phase angle serves as an indicator of the integrity of cell membranes and the total amount of fluid in the body. Reference values for the phase angle are necessary to estimate individual patient deviations in relation to the population average. However, as far as is known, these data are not available for children under five years of age. In this review, the authors consider the possibilities of various methods in assessing the physical development of children with atopic dermatitis. Key words: atopic dermatitis, bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical development

A Pilot Study Examining Body Composition Classification Differences Between Body Mass Index and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Children With High Levels of Physical Activity.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is frequently labeled as “flawed” in assessing obesity since it cannot differentiate between muscle and fat leading to misclassifications of healthy individuals. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be a more accurate indicator of obesity since it can distinguish the difference between muscle and fat in children. This pilot study investigated discrepancies between BMI and BIA body composition classifications in children with high levels of physical activity.Methods: Participants were selected from three elementary schools (N = 380, K = 76, 1st = 64, 2nd = 62, 3rd = 61, 4th = 83, and 5th = 34) receiving 60 min of outdoor, unstructured play daily. BIA scales were used to collect each child's body fat percentage and BMI score, then those numbers were categorized by BIA and BMI normative values as either underweight, healthy, overweight, or obese.Results: Overall, 26% of the students were classified differently when using the normative classifications for BMI and BIA, with the largest discrepancy found in the overweight category at 38%. Similar inconsistencies were found when students were divided as younger (42%) vs older students (36%), and males (40%) vs. females (35%).Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that there is a significant difference in how BMI and BIA discriminate between the different body composition categories. BIA consistently shows to be a more accurate tool in assessing obesity rates in children since it directly measures body fat.

Reusable flexible dry electrodes for biomedical wearable devices

This paper reports the fabrication and the characterization of novel reusable Flexible Dry Electrodes (FDEs), which can be employed in wearable devices for medical applications, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Two different FDEs were fabricated exploiting two flexible substrates, i.e. polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and the deposition of the conductive layers made by silver paste and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Performance tests were conducted by measuring the conductivity at the skin interface and the reliability was assessed after several cycles with different disinfectant solutions and artificial sweat as corrosive agent. FDEs were then used in BIA measurements and compared with the commercial single use silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) gel electrodes. The BIA values measured by the fabricated FDEs were comparable with those obtained by commercial electrodes. The results envision the promising and reliable long-term employment of the proposed FDEs in wearable and portable devices.

Evaluation of nutritional status using bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background/AimsNutritional status influences quality of life among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although there is no clear method to evaluate nutritional status in this setting. Therefore, this study examined whether bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) could be used to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with IBD.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 139 Korean patients with IBD who were treated between November 2018 and November 2019. Patients were categorized as having active or inactive IBD based on the Harvey-Bradshaw index (a score of ≥5 indicates active Crohn’s disease) and the partial Mayo scoring index (a score of ≥2 indicates active ulcerative colitis). BIA results and serum nutritional markers were analyzed according to disease activity.ResultsThe mean patient age was 45.11±17.71 years. The study included 47 patients with ulcerative colitis and 92 patients with Crohn’s disease. Relative to the group with active disease (n=72), the group with inactive disease (n=67) had significantly higher values for hemoglobin (P<0.001), total protein (P<0.001), and albumin (P<0.001). Furthermore, the group with inactive disease had higher BIA values for body moisture (P=0.047), muscle mass (P=0.046), skeletal muscle mass (P=0.042), body mass index (P=0.027), and mineral content (P=0.034). Moreover, the serum nutritional markers were positively correlated with the BIA results.ConclusionsNutritional markers evaluated using BIA were correlated with serum nutritional markers and inversely correlated with disease activity. Therefore, we suggest that BIA may be a useful tool that can help existing nutritional tests monitor the nutritional status of IBD patients.

Usefulness of bioelectrical impedance analysis and ECW ratio as a guidance for fluid management in critically ill patients after operation

We determined the relationship between changes in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters and response of critically ill patients to fluid therapy during early postoperative period. Associations between BIA values indicating volume status of postoperative patient and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. From May 2019 to April 2020, patients who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of our institution at more than 48 h after surgery were enrolled. Volume status was measured with a portable BIA device every morning for five days from SICU admission. Overhydration was defined as the case where extracellular water (ECW) ratio > 0.390 measured by BIA. Participants were daily classified into an overhydration or a normohydration group. The relationship between daily hydration status and postoperative outcome was evaluated. Most of the 190 participants showed the overhydration status in the first 48 h after surgery. The overhydration status on day 3 was significant predictor of postoperative morbidities (OR 1.182) and in-hospital mortality (OR 2.040). SOFA score was significant factor of postoperative morbidities (OR 1.163) and in-hospital mortality (OR 3.151) except for the overhydration status on day 3. Cut-off values of overhydration status by ECW ratio at day 3 for predicting postoperative morbidities and in-hospital mortality were > 0.3985 and > 0.4145, respectively. BIA would be a useful and convenient tool to assess the volume status of patients requiring intensive fluid resuscitation in early postoperative period. Overhydration status by ECW ratio on postoperative day 3 needs careful monitoring and appropriate interventions to improve clinical outcomes.

New bioelectrical impedance analysis equations for children and adolescents based on the deuterium dilution technique

Body composition in childhood is not only a marker of the prevalence of obesity, but it can also be used to assess associated metabolic complications. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) shows promise as an easy to use, rapid, and non-invasive tool to evaluate body composition. The objectives of this study were to: (a) develop BIA prediction equations to estimate total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) in European children and early adolescents and to validate the analysis with the deuterium dilution as the reference technique and (b) compare our results with previously published paediatric BIA equations. The cohort included 266 healthy children and adolescents between 7 and 14 years of age, 46% girls, in five European countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Latvia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Portugal. TBW and FFM were the target variables in the developed regression models. For model development, the dataset was randomly split into training and test sets, in 70:30 ratio, respectively. Model tuning was performed with 10-fold cross-validation that confirmed the unbiased estimate of its performance. The final regression models were retrained on the whole dataset. Cross-validated regression models were developed using resistance index, weight, and sex as the optimal predictors. The new prediction equations explained 87% variability in both TBW and FFM. Limits of agreement between BIA and reference values, were within ±17% of the mean, (-3.4, 3.7) and (-4.5, 4.8) kg for TBW and FFM, respectively. BIA FFM and TBW estimates were within one standard deviation for approximately 83% of the children. BIA prediction equations underestimated TBW and FFM by 0.2kg and 0.1kg respectively with no proportional bias and comparable accuracy among different BMI-for-age subgroups. Comparison with predictive equations from published studies revealed varying discrepancy rates with the deuterium dilution measurements, with only two being equivalent to the equations developed in this study. The small difference between deuterium dilution and BIA measurements validated by Bland-Altman analysis, supports the application of BIA for epidemiological studies in European children using the developed equations.

Association Between Body Composition and Pulmonary Function Tests Among Health Care Workers in Iran

Background: Why is bodyweight not a predictor of lung function, while height, sex, race, and age are predictors of lung capacity and function? In this study, we want to investigate the association between body composition and pulmonary function. And, as much as possible, answer the question of why bodyweight is not predictive of lung function. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 2967 employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) who participated in the TUMS Employees Cohort (TEC) study. The body composition of the participants was measured using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Anthropometric variables were also measured as a confounder. The pulmonary function of participants was assessed by a forced spirometry test. Results: The correlation of BIA values including fat-free mass and total body water with a pulmonary function such as FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75is higher than most anthropometric values such as weight, wrist circumference, and the waist to hip ratio. Also, in regression analysis, age and sex had an association with pulmonary function, but the weight did not show a significant relationship. On the other hand, fat-free mass and visceral fat were significantly associated with pulmonary function. One is direct and the other is inverse. Conclusion: We observed a negative association between visceral fat and pulmonary function tests and a direct association between Fat-free mass pulmonary function tests (FEV1 and FVC) adjusted for age, sex, and anthropometric indices.

Body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in a wide cohort of patients affected with mild to severe obesity

Obesity is characterized by fat mass excess (FM), extra cellular water increase (ECW) and, with ageing, decrease in fat free mass (FFM). The validity of body impedance analysis (BIA) in patients with mild to severe obesity is still debated. The purpose of this study is to describe the Resistance (Rz) and Reactance (Xc) values obtained by Body Impedance Analysis (BIA) in a wide cohort of Italian patients with mild to severe obesity. The secondary endpoint is to describe the resulting body composition values (as percentage and indexes) in this population. The study enrolled adult in-patients with mild to severe obesity (classified with class I, II and III obesity) undergoing clinical care rehabilitation program for obesity complications and weight loss. BIA values were grouped by sex, BMI and age classes. A total of 8303 patients with obesity, aged 18 to 90y, were studied. The Resistance (Rz) and Reactance (Xc) were reported by sex, age and BMI classes. In women and men both, the phase angle (PhA) decreases with increasing BMI (kg/m2) and the resulting BIA vector was significantly shifted. The FM index (FMI) was higher (p<0.0001) in women while FFM index (FFMI) was higher in men (p<0.0001) and significantly associated with BMI. FFMI decreased with age in both sex (p<0.0001). Skeletal mass (SM) presents a progressive reduction in relation to age and gender both. The present BIA-based body composition analysis in a wide cohort of mild to severe obese patients revealed a significantly decreased Rz and Xc values with a consequent significant decrease of PhA in a BMI-dependent manner. The body compartments estimation with available equations was BMI, sex and age dependent. These observational results could be the basis for the development of new equations adapted for patients suffering from obesity.

Prognostic value of bioelectrical impedance analysis for assessment of fluid overload in ICU patients: apilot study.

The non-invasive analysis of body fluid composition with bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) provides additional information allowing for more persona-lised therapy to improve outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic value of fluid overload (FO) in the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Aretrospective, observational analysis of 101 ICU patients. Whole-body BIA measurements were performed, and FO was defined as a5% increase in volume excess from baseline body weight. Baseline demographic data, including severity scores, were similar in both the fluid overload-positive (FO+, n = 49) patients and in patients without fluid overload (FO-, n = 52). Patients with FO+ had significantly higher cumulative fluid balance during their ICU stay compared to those without FO (8.8 ± 7.0 vs. 5.5 ± 5.4 litres; P = 0.009), VE (9.9 ± 6.5 vs. 1.5 ± 1.5 litres; P < 0.001), total body water (63.0 ± 9.5 vs. 52.8 ± 8.1%; P < 0.001), and extracellular water (27.0 ± 7.3 vs. 19.6 ± 3.7 litres; P < 0.001). The presence of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% fluid overload was directly associated with increased ICU mortality rates. The percentage fluid overload (P = 0.039) was an independent predictor for hospital mortality. Ahigher mortality rate in ICU-patients with FO was observed. FO is an independent prognostic factor because neither APACHE-II, SOFA, nor SAPS-II significantly differed on admission between survivors and non-survivors. Further research is needed to confirm these data prospectively and to evaluate whether BIA-guided deresuscitation in the subacute phase will improve mortality rates.

Application of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Detect Broiler Breast Filets Affected With Woody Breast Myopathy.

Woody breast (WB) myopathy in modern broilers is causing major meat quality issues and consumer complaints. The poultry industry is sorting out WB filets through the inconsistent manual hand-palpation method. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method was evaluated as a rapid and objective WB detection method. Freshly deboned broiler breast filets (15 filets × 2 categories × 3 trials) were sorted (hand-palpation) into severe woody (SW) and normal (N) categories were analyzed for BIA values, cook loss, texture (BMORS) method. SW filets had significantly (P < 0.05) higher resistance and reactance compared to N indicating BIA can be used to detect WB filets. In another experiment, we determined the ability of the BIA to differentiate between four WB severity levels using the whole filet. Significant differences were observed in resistance and reactance of normal and other WB categories, however, there were no significant differences among mild, moderate and severe WB categories. Segmental BIA of those filets indicated that BIA can be used to separate cranial, medial and caudal region of the breast filet based on the presence of WB myopathy. Accidental discovery of spaghetti breast in the samples demonstrated the significance of compounding different factors in analyzing WB meat using BIA.

The Use of Bioelectrical Impedance to Assess Shelf-Life of Beef Longissimus Dorsi

ObjectivesTo evaluate quality attributes of beef longissimus dorsi (LD) during 15 d of simulated retail display using surface and internal bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement techniques.Materials and MethodsThe experiment was designed as a split-plot with loin as the whole-plot and pairekd steaks as the sub-plot. Display day (DD) was treated as the sub-plot treatment. Postmortem age time (PM) and DD were treated as fixed effects. Beef strip loins (N = 18; IMPS #180), obtained from 3 commercial processors (PM = 27, 34, or 37 d), were fabricated into 12 2.54-cm thick steaks (N = 216). Steaks were subdivided into 6 consecutively cut pairs and pairs were randomly assigned to one of 6 display days: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. For all pairs, one steak was allocated to microbiological analysis and pH and the paired steak for BIA, objective color assessment, proximate composition, and TBARS. Surface BIA (S-BIA) and internal BIA (I-BIA) assessment were compared. Steaks were packaged on styrofoam trays with a moisture absorbent pad, overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride film, and displayed under fluorescent lighting at 0–4°C in coffin-style retail cases.ResultsThere was a PM × DD interaction (P &lt; 0.05) for S-BIA values. From d 0 to 12 of display, steaks aged 27 d had higher (P &lt; 0.05) S-BIA values than steaks aged 34 and 37 d; however, on d 15 of display, steaks aged 34 d had 22% higher (P &lt; 0.05) S-BIA values than steaks aged 37 d, but had similar (P &gt; 0.05) values compared to steaks aged 27 d. There was no PM × DD interaction (P &lt; 0.05) for I-BIA values; however, an effect on PM and DD was found (P &lt; 0.05). Steaks aged 27 d were 17% higher for I-BIA values (P &lt; 0.05) than 37 d, but similar (P &gt; 0.05) to steaks aged 34 d. For all PM aging times, d 0 had the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) I-BIA values among all display days with 81.44. D 3 was the second lowest (P &lt; 0.05) and 8% higher than d 0 for I-BIA values. D 6 was 16% higher (P &lt; 0.05) than d 3 but similar (P &gt; 0.05) to d 9 and d 12. D 12 and D 15 were similar (P &gt; 0.05). There was a DD × BIA method interaction (P &lt; 0.05). On d 0, 3, and 6, BIA values were different (P &lt; 0.05); however, after d 6 onward, BIA values were similar (P &gt; 0.05). Covariance component was smaller in I-BIA than S-BIA. There were no PM × DD interactions (P &gt; 0.05) for a* and b* values; however, there was an interaction for L* values. Postmortem aging had no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on L*; however, an effect on a* and b* was found (P &lt; 0.05). For APC populations, there was a PM × DD interaction (P &lt; 0.05). No PM × DD interaction or PM effect (P &gt; 0.05) were found for TBARS; however, there was a DD effect (P &lt; 0.05). There was no PM day × DD interaction (P &gt; 0.05) or PM day (P &gt; 0.05) for moisture content. Display day (P &lt; 0.05) had an effect on moisture content. Moderate negative correlations occurred between S-BIA values and a*, b*, and moisture content with –0.48, –0.46, and –0.46, respectively; and –0.51, –0.48, and –0.43, respectively, for I-BIA. Conversely, moderate positive correlation was found between S-BIA values and APC and TBARS with 0.34 and 0.53, respectively; and 0.29 and 0.51, respectively, for I-BIA.ConclusionI-BIA has potential for use to assess shelf-life of retail steaks and it was more precise than S-BIA; however, I-BIA may translocate bacteria into the muscle. Protein degradation and WHC should be evaluated to better understand BIA changes over time.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis to evaluate nutritional status in hemodialysis patients

Objective To explore the value of bioelectrical impedance analysis in evaluating hemodialysis patients′ nutritional status. Methods Cross-sectional design was employed to evaluate 193 hemodialysis patients′ nutritional status in a Level 3 hospital in Zhuhai, with bioelectrical impedance analysis, modified quantitative subjective global assessment, physical and biochemical measurement. The correlation between each index and the predictive effect of bioelectrical impedance analysis on malnutrition of patients were analyzed. Results According to bioelectrical impedance analysis, hemodialysis patients′ average muscle mass was (44.06±8.84) kg, body fat rate was (19.81±8.89)%, fat free mass index was (17.70±2.45) kg/m2, presumed bone mass was (2.49±0.46) kg, and extracellular water rate was (40.54±3.75)%. The bioelectrical impedance analysis indexes were significantly correlated with most other nutritional evaluation indexes (P<0.05). The muscle mass and bone mass of the malnourished group were lower than that of the well-nourished group (P<0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that body fat rate (OR=0.94, 95%CI 0.89-0.99), fat free body mass index (OR=0.79, 95%CI 0.66-0.93) were associated with lower risk of malnutrition, age (OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12), dialysis age (OR=1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.04), high sensitive C reactive protein (OR=1.11, 95%CI 1.03-1.23) were associated with higher risk of malnutrition. Conclusion Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a valid measurement on evaluating maintenance hemodialysis patients′ nutritional status. There has a high prevalence of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. The lower risk of malnutrition is associated with higher body fat rate and higher fat free mass index, and the higher risk of malnutrition is associated with older age, longer dialysis age and higher level of high sensitive C reactive protein. Key words: Electric impedance; Hemodialysis; Nutritional status

Bioelectrical impedance analysis in the management of heart failure in adult patients with congenital heart disease.

The recognition of fluid retention is critical in treating heart failure (HF). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a well-known noninvasive method; however, data on its role in managing patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are limited. Here, we aimed to clarify the correlation between BIA and HF severity as well as the prognostic value of BIA in adult patients with CHD. This prospective single-center study included 170 patients with CHD admitted between 2013 and 2015. We evaluated BIA parameters (intra- and extracellular water, protein, and mineral levels, edema index [EI, extracellular water-to-total body water ratio]), laboratory values, and HF-related admission prevalence. Patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes III-IV had a higher EI than those with NYHA classes I-II (mean±SD, 0.398±0.011 vs 0.384±0.017, P<.001). EI was significantly correlated with brain natriuretic peptide level (r=0.51, P<.001). During the mean follow-up period of 7.1months, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that a discharge EI>0.386, the median value in the present study, was significantly associated with a future increased risk of HF-related admission (HR=4.15, 95% CI=1.70－11.58, P<.001). A body weight reduction during hospitalization was also related to EI reduction. EI determined using BIA could be a useful marker for HF severity that could predict future HF-related admissions in adult patients with CHD.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis values as markers to predict severity in critically ill patients

PurposeWe investigated bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived parameters in critically ill patients to evaluate any differences between survivors and nonsurvivors. MethodsWe calculated severity scores for 241 critically ill surgical patients (161 male and 80 female; mean age, 62.9years) using three severity scoring systems (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score III). Body composition was measured using a portable BIA device for segmental BIA. ResultsAmong the BIA values, impedance (odds ratio [OR], 0.99; P<0.001), reactance (OR 0.90; P<0.001), and phase angle (PhA) (OR, 0.53; P<0.001) were highly statistically significant for predicting mortality in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Comparison of area under the curve (AUC) between severity scoring systems and BIA values showed statistically significant differences between reactance and PhA with all three severity scoring systems. Covariate-adjusted receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that compared with severity scoring, all three BIA values (impedance, reactance, and PhA) had higher AUC values. ConclusionsPhA, impedance, and reactance determined by BIA in critically ill patients were associated with mortality outcomes and revealed stronger predictive power for mortality than severity scoring systems commonly used in an intensive care unit.

Bioimpedance as a tool for evaluating the body composition of suruvi (Steindachneridion scriptum).

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is regarded as an important tool for evaluating the body composition of different animals in a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost manner. A South American fish species, Steindachneridion scriptum, known as suruvi, was selected for study in this investigation. A protocol to produce fish with different body composition was used to allow BIA to adequately predict the body composition of suruvi. The fish were fed twice each day with two different diets; a low lipid diet (8.90%), and a high lipid diet (18.68%). These dietary differences allowed suruvi specimens with different body compositions to be produced. The BIA readings were determined using a Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Two readings (dorsal and ventral) were obtained for each fish. After BIA readings were obtained, the proximate composition of the fish bodies for each individual was determined. All of the study data were used to establish correlation equations between proximate analyses and BIA values. Strong correlations were found for S. scriptum. The highest correlations were obtained for the following pairs of quantities, using BIA data from dorsal readings: moisture and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); protein and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); and ash and reactance in parallel (R2 = 0.82). We conclude that BIA is an effective method in determining the body composition of S. scriptum without sacrificing the fish. However, to expand the use of this new technology it is important to define strict BIA protocols to guarantee accurate estimates.