Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Device Research Articles

Body composition and rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms

BackgroundRupture of an intracranial aneurysm resulting in a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening situation. Obesity is an increasing health challenge associated with numerous comorbidities. However, recent studies have shown a surprising decreased risk of SAH with increasing body mass index (BMI). The aim was to explore associations between other anthropometric variables and the rupture risk of an intracranial aneurysm, which to our knowledge is lacking in present literature.MethodsUsing a bioelectrical impedance analysis device, we performed body composition analyses on 31 patients admitted with aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) and 28 patients with planned intervention on their unruptured aneurysm. We also collected information on comorbidities and relevant risk factors. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between anthropometric variables and patients with ruptured versus unruptured aneurysms.ResultsUnadjusted estimates showed a significant inverse relationship between body fat percent and aneurysmal rupture (OR [95% CI]: 0.92 [0.86, 0.97], P = 0.009), and between body fat mass and aneurysmal rupture (OR [95% CI]: 0.95 [0.90, 0.99], P = 0.047). These risk relationships remained significant in age- and sex-adjusted analyses for body fat percent (OR [95% CI]: 0.93, [0.87, 0.97], P = 0.028), and body fat mass (OR [95% CI]: 0.95 [0.90, 0.99], P = 0.041).ConclusionsIn recent studies showing a paradoxical relation between aSAH and obesity, BMI was the only parameter investigated. We further explored this “obesity paradox” and found lower body fat in aSAH patients compared to UIA. Future studies should investigate these relationships in larger samples.Clinical Trial Registration NCT04613427, November 3, 2020, retrospectively registered

Abstract P350: Increased Trunk Fat and Decreased Limb Fat Linked to Elevated Cardiovascular Risk in Hong Kong Chinese Women

Introduction: Despite known links between overall body fat and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, the relationship involving regional body fat (arm, trunk, and leg) remains underexplored in Chinese populations. This study examined the associations between overall and regional body fat percentage (BFP) and CVD risk in Hong Kong Chinese women. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that higher overall and trunk BFP were associated with increased CVD risk, whereas higher arm and leg BFP predicted decreased risk. Methods: This study used baseline data of 3616 women (mean age 56.12±8.51) from an ongoing cohort named ‘MECH-HK’ (Migraine Exposures and Cardiovascular Health in Hong Kong Chinese Women). The recruitment was conducted between October 2019 and October 2021. BFP was measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis device of Inbody 270 model. Framingham 10-Year Risk Score (FRS) was calculated to present the CVD risks. Multivariate linear models were used to estimate the BFP-FRS associations. Potential non-linear relationships were assessed with restricted cubic spline models. Results: Mean overall BFP was 32.55%, and regional BFP for arm, trunk and leg were 4.59%, 15.38% and 10.76%, respectively. Non-linear associations between overall BFP and FRS were observed (P for non-linear = 0.03). After adjustment for age, education level, monthly family income, smoking and drinking status, physical activity level, family history of CVD and BMI, the overall BFP was associated with increased FRS (β: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.08, P = 0.03) when overall BFP < 35%. However, no significant association was observed when overall BFP >= 35% (β:-0.07, 95% CI: -0.16 to 0.02, P = 0.13). Higher trunk BFP was associated with increased FRS (β: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.38, P < 0.001), while higher arm (β: -0.69, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.40, P < 0.001) and leg (β: -0.38, 95% CI-0.50 to -0.25, P < 0.001) BFP were associated with decreased FRS. Conclusions: Increased overall (when < 35%) and trunk BFP and decreased arm and leg BFP are associated with elevated CVD risk.

Fat-free mass mediates the association between body mass and jump height in healthy young adults.

The countermovement jump (CMJ) is a reliable and valid test of lower-extremity (LE) muscle power and neuromuscular performance. Body mass is positively associated with CMJ performance in young adults, warranting the examination of the influence of body composition on jump height (JH). This study examined the mediation effects of body composition on CMJ performance in young adults. The hypothesis was that fat-free mass and percent fat mass would significantly mediate the association between body mass with JH in young adults. Healthy young adults (N.=81; 47 female; mean age 25.1±3.4) completed this study and underwent body composition assessment using a bioelectrical impedance analysis device. Participants performed three CMJ trials to measure average JH using an electronic jump mat. Mediation analysis models were performed to examine the hypothesis of this study. The mediation analyses indicated that the indirect effects of fat-free mass on the association between body mass with JH were significant (indirect effect [IE]=-0.23, 95% CI -0.315, 0.767; IE=0.76, 95% CI 0.334, 1.272; respectively), after controlling for sex and percent fat mass. The association between body mass with JH in young adults with normal BMI was mediated by fat-free mass. Clinicians, trainers, and coaches should potentially target increasing fat-free mass when improving LE power and neuromuscular performance in rehabilitation and sports settings in this population, but further studies are needed.

Complement component C3 is associated with body composition parameters and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study in Japan

BackgroundChronic inflammation is a factor in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, which is characterized by low muscle mass and reduced strength. Complement C3 is important in the management of the immune network system. This study seeks to determine the relationship between serum C3 levels and body composition and sarcopenia-related status in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsStudy participants were 269 older adults living in rural Japan. A bioelectrical impedance analysis device was used to measure body composition parameters including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist-hip-ratio, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Muscle function was measured by handgrip strength and 6-m walking speed. The correlation coefficients for C3 level and measurements were calculated using Pearson correlation analysis. Participants were categorized into normal, pre-sarcopenia, dynapenia, or sarcopenia groups. Sarcopenia was defined according to 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia definition, dynapenia was defined as low muscle function without low muscle mass, and pre-sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low muscle mass only. The C3 threshold score for sarcopenia status was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were found between C3 and BMI, body fat percentage, and waist-hip ratio in both sexes, and further positive correlations with SMI were found in women. The relationship with body fat percentage was particularly strong. Body composition measurements (BMI, body fat percentage, and waist- hip ratio) and C3 levels were lowest in the sarcopenia group compared with the others. ROC analysis showed that the significant threshold of C3 for discriminating between the normal and sarcopenia groups was 105 mg/dL. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that participants with C3 < 105 mg/dL had an odds ratio of 3.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.49–7.18) for sarcopenia adjusted by sex, age and body fat percentage.ConclusionC3 levels are suggested to be related to body composition and pathophysiological functions of sarcopenia. C3 is expected to become a useful biomarker for sarcopenia, for predicting the onset of the disease and for predicting the effectiveness of interventions.

Ab. No. 118 Test-Retest Reliability of Commercially Available Bio-Electrical Impedance-Based Body Composition Analyzer in India

Introduction: The purpose of the study is to determine the consistency of body composition measures using a commercially available bioelectrical impedance-based body composition analyzer in India. Body composition assessment has application in several clinical populations including but not limited to those with obesity, cancer, renal failure, endocrine disorders. DEXA is considered gold standard but impractical to use in regular clinical practice. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is emerging as a simpler alternative, especially in field settings and routine clinical practice. Its use is also recommended in current sarcopenia diagnostic guidelines. Many low-cost BIA devices are available but their reliability and validity information are seldom available. Such information can improve their relevance and utility in clinical settings. Methods: Forty apparently healthy adults (Age: 28±7.5 years; 78% women, BMI: 26.1±4.4). Following necessary approvals, body composition was assessed using four-point full body impedance analysis with Omron HBF-702T device on two occasions (1-4 days apart). The timing of measurement, food and fluid intake were not standardized to mimic clinical scenarios. Paired T-test determined significant difference between two assessments. Test-retest reliability was determined by ICC using two-way mixed methods model for consistency between measurements. Results: There was no clinically and statistically significant difference between two consecutive measurements (Mean difference of - Skeletal Muscle Percentage: 0.06%; Body Fat Percentage: 0.12%; RMR: 8.5 Kcal/day). All parameters exhibited excellent test-retest reliability (ICC &amp; Cronbach’s Alpha: Skeletal Muscle Percentage – 0.97 &amp; 0.98; Body Fat Percentage – 0.93 &amp; 0.96; RMR – 0.94 &amp; 0.97. Conclusion: The tested device exhibited excellent test-retest reliability for skeletal muscle, body fat percentage, and resting metabolic rate despite testing in non-standardized routine clinical setting. Implications: Bio-electrical impedance-based body composition analyzers could be a reliable way to measure body composition in clinical practice. However, each equipment’s reliability and validity needs to be established prior to clinical use.

THE ASSOCIATIONS OF HANDGRIP STRENGTH AND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS WITH UPPER LIMB BODY FAT MASS IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Body Fat Mass (BFM) is a crucial body composition measurement serving as a predictor for various health conditions and mortality in older adults. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate how upper limb BFM associates with anthropometric measurements and handgrip strength (HGS) in older adults. In this cross-sectional study, 119 older adults, ranging from 60 to 96 years of age (93 women, 26 men; mean age 74.71 ± 7.35 years), were assessed. Body composition was evaluated using the portable Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) device, InBody S10, and average HGS was measured on each side using a hand grip dynamometer (JAMAR 5030J1). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed and found a significant, positive association for age (β = 0.048 , p = 0.024), height (β = 0.649, p = 0.024), and BMI (β = 1.371, p &amp;lt; 0.001) with left arm BFM, while weight and left HGS showed a negative association (β = -0.152, p = 0.007; β = -0.070 , p = 0.004, respectively). Similar trends were seen for the right arm. However, height and right HGS became statistically insignificant (β = 0.536, p = 0.069; β = -0.046 , p = 0.054, respectively) for right arm BFM only. These results show that the independent variables may have the ability to predict upper limb BFM in older adults without the need for body composition measurement methods (e.g., BIA). Further research is warranted to examine the true predictive capacity of the independent variables in relation to upper limb BFM.

Nutritional Assessments by Bioimpedance Technique in Dialysis Patients.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been extensively applied in nutritional assessments on the general population, and it is recommended in establishing the diagnosis of malnutrition and sarcopenia. The bioimpedance technique has become a promising modality through which to measure the whole-body composition in dialysis patients, where the presence of subclinical volume overload and sarcopenic obesity may be overlooked by assessing body weight alone. In the past two decades, bioimpedance devices have evolved from applying a single frequency to a range of frequencies (bioimpedance spectroscopy, BIS), in which the latter is incorporated with a three-compartment model that allows for the simultaneous measurement of the volume of overhydration, adipose tissue mass (ATM), and lean tissue mass (LTM). However, clinicians should be aware of common potential limitations, such as the adoption of population-specific prediction equations in some BIA devices. Inherent prediction error does exist in the bioimpedance technique, but the extent to which this error becomes clinically significant remains to be determined. Importantly, reduction in LTM has been associated with increased risk of frailty, hospitalization, and mortality in dialysis patients, whereas the prognostic value of ATM remains debatable. Further studies are needed to determine whether modifications of bioimpedance-derived body composition parameters through nutrition intervention can result in clinical benefits.

Additive interactions between obesity and insulin resistance on hypertension in a Chinese rural population

BackgroundAdiposity and insulin resistance (IR) are closely associated with hypertension; however, the role of interactions between obesity phenotypes and IR in hypertension is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%) with IR on hypertension risk.MethodsWe analyzed data from 4888 participants (mean age 57 years, 41.2% men) in the China Northwest Natural Population Cohort, Ningxia Project. BMI, WC, and BF% were determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis devices. IR was estimated using a homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between HOMA-IR and hypertension risk. We calculated the relative excess risk and attributable proportion with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess whether adiposity phenotypes modified the effect of HOMA-IR on hypertension risk.ResultsThe crude prevalence of hypertension was 52.2%. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of HOMA-IR was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.23–2.65) for the risk of hypertension in the highest versus the lowest quartiles, but this association became marginal in models further adjusting for BMI, WC, and BF% (P for trend = 0.056). Relative excess risk and attributable proportion for interaction between high HOMA-IR and high BF% were 0.32 (0.04–0.59) and 0.33 (0.06–0.60), respectively. Additionally, high truncal and leg BF% and high HOMA-IR accounted for the hypertension risk in women, but not in men. We did not observe any significant interactions between BMI or WC and HOMA-IR on hypertension.ConclusionBF% modified the association between IR and increased risk of hypertension in women with high truncal and leg BF%, but not in men.

Cross-sectional association of skeletal muscle mass and strength with dietary habits and physical activity among first-year university students in Japan: Results from the KEIJI-U study

ObjectiveRecently, the high prevalence of young Japanese individuals who are underweight has received attention because of the potential risk for sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenia in Japanese youth. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we measured skeletal muscle mass using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device and handgrip strength (HGS) and administered questionnaires on dietary habits and physical activity in 1264 first-year university students ages 18 to 20 y (838 men and 426 women). Sarcopenia was confirmed based on the presence of both low skeletal muscle mass and weak muscle strength. ResultsIn all, 145 men (17%) and 69 women (16%) were diagnosed as underweight. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 8 men (1%) and 5 women (1%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and/or weak HGS in underweight individuals than in those in other body mass index (BMI) ranges. The multivariate analyses indicated that SMI and HGS were significantly associated with BMI in both sexes. Furthermore, after adjusting for BMI, both SMI and HGS were significantly associated with physical activity in men, and SMI was significantly associated with energy intake in women. ConclusionsFirst-year university students showed a high incidence of being underweight with low SMI and/or weak HGS, but the prevalence of sarcopenia was low in both sexes. There may be sex differences in factors related to muscle mass and strength, but further research is needed to clarify this.

Correlation and Validation of Body Composition Analyzers (i Series) with Dual Energy X- ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

This paper presents the development and evaluation of the i Series BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) device (models i20, i25, i30, i35, i50, i55), by MEDIANA Co., Ltd. The device utilizes a tetra-polar electrode method incorporating 8-point electrodes to improve the accuracy and reliability of body composition analysis. This paper employs a multi-frequency segmental measurement method with a wide range of measurement frequencies from 1 kHz to 1000 kHz. In comparing the correlation between Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and BIA devices for fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle mass measurements, the results demonstrated a high correlation, with a coefficient of determination (R) of 0.984 for fat-free mass and 0.983 for muscle mass, respectively.

Segmental extracellular-to-intracellular water resistance ratio and physical function in older adults

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between whole-body (WB), arm, and leg extracellular-to-intracellular water resistance (Recw/Ricw) ratios and various physical functions of each segment and muscle mass using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. MethodsIn total, 988 community-dwelling older adults were included in the analysis. Physical function was assessed using hand grip, 5-repetition sit-to-stand, 5-m habitual walk, Timed Up and Go, and single-leg balance with eyes open tests. Each segmental Recw/Ricw ratio and muscle mass were assessed at 5 and 250 kHz resistances using a segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device. Pearson's correlation between the segmental Recw/Ricw ratio and muscle mass and physical function was calculated, and the difference in correlation coefficients was tested using Bonferroni correction. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using physical function as the dependent variable and the segmental Recw/Ricw ratio as the independent variable, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and segmental muscle mass. ResultsWB and leg Recw/Ricw ratios were significantly positively correlated with good hand grip performance, gait speed, mobility, balance, and standing power (p < 0.05), after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and muscle mass. Furthermore, the leg Recw/Ricw ratio was positively associated with lower extremity physical function compared with WB and arm Recw/Ricw ratios and muscle mass (p < 0.01). Conversely, WB muscle mass was more strongly related to grip strength than WB, arm, and leg Recw/Ricw ratios (p < 0.01). ConclusionsThe Recw/Ricw ratio is useful for identifying older adults with worse physical function. The Recw/Ricw ratio allows for easy and timely screening of older adults with worse physical function in clinical settings.

A comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and air displacement plethysmography to assess body composition in children.

Accurate assessment of body composition (BC) is important to investigate the development of childhood obesity. A bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device is portable and inexpensive compared with air displacement plethysmography (ADP) for the assessment of BC and is widely used in children. However, studies of the effectiveness of BIA are few and present different results, especially in pediatric populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between BIA and ADP for estimating BC. The BC of 981 Chinese children (3-5 years) was measured using the BIA device (SeeHigher BAS-H, China) and ADP (BOD POD). Our results showed that BIA underestimated fat mass (FM) and overestimated fat-free mass (FFM) in normal weight children (P < 0.05), but the opposite trend was shown in children with obesity (P < 0.05). The agreement between FM and FFM measured by the two methods was strong (CCC > 0.80). The linear regression equation of 5-year-old children was constructed. The SeeHigher BAS-H multi-frequency BIA device is a valid device to evaluate BC in Chinese preschool children compared with ADP (BOD POD), especially in 5-year-old children or children with obesity. Further research is needed to standardize the assessment of BC in children.

#5115 8-ZONE LUNG ULTRASOUND AND BIOIMPEDANCE ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSMENT OF HYDRATION STATUS IN HEMODIALYSIS: A PROSPECTIVE SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic volume overload is a major contributor to cardiovascular mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Hence, accurately assessing volume status in this population is crucial. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a validated, non-invasive, and straightforward bedside technique that estimates total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and over hydration (OH). However, it is not suitable for use in patients with limb amputation or metallic medical devices. On the other hand, lung ultrasound (LUS) is used to evaluate extravascular lung water (EVLW) and has been shown to predict all-cause mortality and cardiac events in HD patients. Although a 28-zone LUS is the reference standard for LUS studies, recent studies have shown that an 8-zone LUS protocol can be as accurate. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of an 8-zone LUS protocol with bioelectrical impedance analysis to evaluate hydration status in an outpatient haemodialysis unit. Method Adult patients under thrice-weekly 4h HD sessions using high-flux membrane dialyzers for at least 1 month were prospectively enrolled between June and August 2022. We excluded patients with systemic infections, advanced neoplasia, metallic medical devices, decompensated cirrhosis, and limb amputations. The dry weight (DW) was established by the attending nephrologist, blind to the results. All measurements were performed in the first session of the week. BIA was assessed before HD using a portable whole body BIA device (BCM—Fresenius Medical Care D GmbH) and the OH was normalized to ECW. LUS using 8-zone protocol was performed before and after HD, with patients in the near-to-supine or supine position using a 2–5 MHz convex probe (Acuson X150®, Siemens, Germany), and the total number of B lines was recorded. Results A total of 37 patients with median age of 60 (IQR 15) years, 75% males, 65% with residual diuresis &amp;gt;300 mL/24 h were included. The median HD vintage was 9 (IQR 10) months, and median body mass index (BMI) of 22.7 (IQR 9) Kg/m2. At the beginning of HD, the median systolic blood pressure (BP) was 140 (IQR 24) mmHg and the median diastolic BP was 79 (IQR 16) mmHg. The median interdialytic weight gain was 4.2% (IQR 2.8) and median ultrafiltration (UF) was 2600 (IQR 1300) mL. The BIA showed median TBW of 38.2 (IQR 11) L, ECW 18.2 (IQR 7.73) L, ICW 20.8 (IQR 6.55) L, and normalized OH 0.138 (IQR 0.147). There was a positive correlation between BMI, TBW (r = 0.375, p = 0.045), and ECW (r = 0.486, p = 0.006), but not with ICW (r = 0.061, p = 0.755), nor normalized OH (r = 0.14, p = 0.468). Systolic BP, but not diastolic, was correlated with the water volume measured in both compartments (ECW: r = 0.498, p = 0.005; ICW: r = 0.421, p = 0.023, TBW: r = 0.423, p = 0.022). The 8-zone LUS showed a statistically significative (p&amp;lt;0.001) reduction in the number of B lines between pre and post HD evaluation (16.5 (IQR 17.25) lines to 8.5 (IQR 10.25) lines). Total evaluation time was under 8 minutes. When comparing LUS before HD with BIA assessment we found that the number of B lines correlated with the normalized OH (r = 0.454, p = 0.018), ECW (r = 0.501, p = 0.007), TBW (r = 0.418, p = 0.030), but not ICW (r = 0.239, p = 0.23). The total number of B lines post HD was also correlated with the ECW (r = 0.568, p = 0.002), TBW (r = 0.465, p = 0.017), and normalized OH (r = 0.408, p = 0.039). Conclusion The 8-zone LUS protocol provides a quick and efficient way to evaluate patients prior to HD sessions. Our study reveals a strong correlation between the total number of B lines determined by the 8-zone protocol and BIA parameters such as TBW, ECW, and normalized OH. This demonstrates that the 8-zone protocol can effectively be used in routine evaluations of HD patients. Although these techniques reflect different over-fluid compartments, they have a complementary role for fluid overload determination and dry weight guidance.

Application of different methods for body composition determination among female elite level rhythmic gymnasts in Germany

Problem: Female athletes of rhythmic gymnastics (ARGs) are often associated with underweight and malnutrition. Body composition (BC) determinations can help to make statements about nutritional status and health. However, there is no BC database among ARGs in Germany. Method: BC determinations were performed among German ARGs using calipometry and different bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). All devices were compared in terms of percentual fat mass (FM%) using ANOVA. Additional parameters for the BIA devices were tested for differences using t-tests. Bland-Altman plot was created to compare the BIA devices in terms of FM%. Results: Twenty-five ARGs (M=15.2 years, SD±2.11) were measured. FM% was determined by calipometry (M=7.51, SD±1.35), InBody (M=11.87, SD±5.1), and BIVA 101 devices (M=16.2, SD±4.26). ANOVA showed significant differences for FM% (F[2, 48]=64.46, p&lt;0.001; partial η²=0.729). For Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests, significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) between the three measurement methods were determined. The t-tests in BC parameters also showed significant differences (p&lt;0.001) between the two BIA devices. Discussion: Compared to calipometry, BIA provides additional BC parameters. Nevertheless, the use of different measurement methods and devices in the comparison of BC parameters is not recommended. Reference values must be adapted to the respective devices. Conclusion: Uniform measurements in larger samples and generation of reference values are necessary to explore the prediction in BC on health status among ARG.

Sex differences in the associations of sleep-wake characteristics and rest-activity circadian rhythm with specific obesity types among Hong Kong community-dwelling older adults

BackgroundSex differences exist in sleep characteristics, circadian rhythm and body composition but the evidence on their associations with obesity risk remains unclear. We aimed to examine sex differences in the associations of sleep-wake cycle and rest-activity circadian rhythm with specific obesity types among aged Chinese population. MethodsThis report pooled data from 2 population-based surveys conducted during 4/2018–9/2018 and 7/2019–9/2020. All participants wore actigraphy on wrists for 7 days to measure their objective sleep patterns and rest-activity circadian rhythm. We measured participants’ anthropometric data, and obtained their body weight, body fat percentage(fat%), visceral fat rating, muscle mass by calibrated bioelectrical impedance analysis device. Hand-grip strength was assessed by Jamar Hydraulic hand dynamometer. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence intervals(95%CI). ResultsWe recruited 206 male and 134 female older adults with complete actigraphy data, with obesity prevalence of 36.9% and 31.3%, respectively. Male participants who had delayed sleep-wake cycle(i.e.,sleep-onset-time and wake-up time) was associated with higher risk of obesity(late sleep-onset-time:OR=5.28, 95%CI=2.00–13.94), and the results remained consistent for different types of obesity. Males with late M10(i.e., most active 10-hours) onset had higher adipose outcomes with an adjusted OR of 2.92(fat%:95%CI=1.10–7.71; visceral fat:95%CI=1.12–7.61). Among female participants, those with lower relative amplitude were associated with higher BMI and lower hand-grip strength. ConclusionsThis study revealed that circadian rhythm fragmentation was associated with obesity and muscle loss. Promoting good sleep quality and maintaining robust circadian rhythm and physical activity can prevent poor muscle strength among older adults.

Phase angle and extracellular water-to-total body water ratio estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis are associated with levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit in patients with diabetes

BackgroundAnemia is one of the common complications of diabetes and is associated with mortality. Phase angle (PhA), ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) have been used as prognostic indicators for various chronic diseases and frailty. We aimed to clarify the clinical significance of PhA, ECW/TBW and SMI for anemia in patients with diabetes. Materials and methodsThe values of PhA, ECW/TBW and SMI were estimated by a portable BIA device and blood samples were collected in 371 Japanese patients with diabetes. The relationships of PhA, ECW/TBW and SMI with hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) were statistically evaluated. ResultsIn simple linear regression analysis, PhA and SMI were positively correlated with Hgb and Hct levels in total subjects, male subjects and female subjects. In contrast, ECW/TBW was negatively correlated with Hgb and Hct levels regardless of sex. Multivariate regression analysis showed that both PhA and ECW/TBW but not SMI independently contributed to Hgb and Hct levels after adjustment of clinical confounding factors in both males and females. ConclusionsPhA and ECW/TBW but not SMI were associated with levels of Hgb and Hct in patients with diabetes. Therefore, aberrant values of PhA and ECW/TBW suggest a risk of anemia in diabetic patients.

Association and Risk Factors for Hypertension and Dyslipidemia in Young Adults from Poland.

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies on the association between abnormal levels of lipids and hypertension have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia and its risk factors in young Polish adults. Furthermore, the association between plasma lipid levels and the risk of hypertension was determined. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 115 volunteer participants. Blood pressure was measured using an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer. Blood lipids were analyzed from a fasting blood sample received by finger prick. Body fat percentage was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis device. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors (age, date of birth, place of residence, screen time, and tobacco use) were self-reported by the participant. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in men than in women (61.5 vs. 21.3%). The prevalence of elevated TC, TG, high LDL, and low HDL was 22.6%, 7.8%, 38.3%, and 13.9%, respectively. Spending more than 2 h daily in front of a computer was identified as a significant predictor of hypertension and elevated TG levels (p &lt; 0.05). A high number of cigarettes smoked daily was a significant risk factor for hypertension (p = 0.047). Hypertension contributed to a higher risk of abnormal values of TC (OR = 5.89), LDL (OR = 5.38), and TG (OR = 9.75). Participants with hypertension were more likely than normotensive subjects to have elevated levels of TC, LDL, and TG. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in young men than in women. BMI was associated with the prevalence of hypertension and elevated TC levels. Spending more than 2 h per day in front of a computer contributed to the prevalence of hypertension and elevated TG levels. Participants with hypertension smoked a higher number of cigarettes daily compared to those with normotension.

Evaluation of raw segmental bioelectrical impedance variables throughout anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation

Background. Raw bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) variables are related to physical function in healthy and diseased populations. Therefore, BIA may be an insightful, noninvasive method of assessment to track following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Objectives. Evaluate phase angle, reactance and impedance at 50 kHz (PhA50, Xc50, and Z 50, respectively) in the operative (OP) and non-operative (NOP) limbs during ACLR rehabilitation. Approach. Seventeen patient (12 M, 5 F; 18.8 ± 4.8 years) clinic reports were evaluated prior to ACLR (PRE), two- (2 W), six- (6 W), and twelve-weeks (12 W) post-ACLR and at return to sport testing (RTS). Setting. All observations occurred during the participant’s physical therapy visits. Measurements. A multi-frequency BIA device measured segmental PhA, Xc, and Z. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess any leg and time interaction and changes over leg and time, independently. Any interactions or main effects were considered significant at p < 0.05. Main results. Significant leg x time interactions were observed for each variable. PhA50 and Xc50 of NOP were higher (p < 0.001) than OP at each time point by an average of by 0.9° and 4.9 Ω, respectively. In OP, PhA50 and Xc50 decreased from PRE to 2 W and increased from 6 to 12 W and 12 W to RTS (p < 0.01, for all). At RTS, PhA50 and Xc50 were similar to PRE in OP (p > 0.05). For Z 50, the OP leg did not change over time (p > 0.05). Z 50 was greater in NOP at 2 and 6 W (p < 0.01, for both). There were differences in PhA50 in NOP between PRE and 6 W and from 6 W to RTS (p < 0.05 for both). Xc50 did not change (p > 0.05), and Z 50 PRE was lower than at 2 W (p < 0.05). Significance. A multi-frequency BIA device can detect changes in segmental BIA variables following ACLR.

Dual-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis is Accurate and Reliable to Determine Lean Muscle Mass in The Elderly

Background: Dual-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DF-BIA) devices are more accessible and affordable than dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); however, no studies have reported the accuracy of DF-BIA in body composition measurement, especially in the Thai elderly. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the accuracies of lean muscle masses measured by DF-BIA devices and DXA and (2) assess the reliability of the DF-BIA device. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on participants older than 60 years who visited the Orthopedic Clinic of Siriraj Hospital. Whole-body and appendicular skeletal muscle masses (ASMs) were measured using DF-BIA (Tanita RD-545), with DXA (GE Lunar iDXA) as the standard reference. The test-retest reliability of the DF-BIA and the agreement between the devices were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots. Regression analysis was used to develop an equation to estimate ASM values from BIA close to those from DXA. Results : The mean age of 88 participants was 73.8 (SD 8.0) years, with women predominating (84.1%). The agreement of BIA and DXA was very high for whole-body lean mass (ICC = 0.954) and ASM (ICC = 0.954), but the mean difference in muscle mass from DF-BIA was overestimated. The ICCs of test-retest reliability for whole-body muscle mass and ASM were 0.987 and 0.988, respectively. The equation for corrected ASM was formulated from a linear equation (R2 = 0.93). Conclusions: Although lean muscle mass from DF-BIA was minimally overestimated relative to DXA, this device had high accuracy and reliability for lean muscle mass evaluation in the elderly. DXA and DF-BIA are interchangeable for the assessment of muscle mass.

Assessing the reliability and cross-sectional and longitudinal validity of fifteen bioelectrical impedance analysis devices.

The purpose of this investigation was to expand upon the limited existing research examining the test-retest reliability, cross-sectional validity and longitudinal validity of a sample of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices as compared with a laboratory four-compartment (4C) model. Seventy-three healthy participants aged 19-50 years were assessed by each of fifteen BIA devices, with resulting body fat percentage estimates compared with a 4C model utilising air displacement plethysmography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioimpedance spectroscopy. A subset of thirty-seven participants returned for a second visit 12-16 weeks later and were included in an analysis of longitudinal validity. The sample of devices included fourteen consumer-grade and one research-grade model in a variety of configurations: hand-to-hand, foot-to-foot and bilateral hand-to-foot (octapolar). BIA devices demonstrated high reliability, with precision error ranging from 0·0 to 0·49 %. Cross-sectional validity varied, with constant error relative to the 4C model ranging from -3·5 (sd 4·1) % to 11·7 (sd 4·7) %, standard error of the estimate values of 3·1-7·5 % and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of 0·48-0·94. For longitudinal validity, constant error ranged from -0·4 (sd 2·1) % to 1·3 (sd 2·7) %, with standard error of the estimate values of 1·7-2·6 % and Lin's CCC of 0·37-0·78. While performance varied widely across the sample investigated, select models of BIA devices (particularly octapolar and select foot-to-foot devices) may hold potential utility for the tracking of body composition over time, particularly in contexts in which the purchase or use of a research-grade device is infeasible.