Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Technique Research Articles

Body composition of type 2 diabetes patients in Uganda: A case-control study.

The prevalence of obesity among people diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been widely documented. However, the specific composition of this bodyweight remains largely unknown. The study aimed to understand the body composition of T2DM patients using the bioelectric impedance analysis technique, comparing findings to sex and agematched controls. A comparative case-control study was carried out among 139 known cases of Type 2 diabetes aged 18 to 78 years randomly sampled from the diabetic clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. We matched them to 139 hospital controls who were healthy non-diabetic attendants. Body composition parameters were computed and summarized as medians and interquartile ranges. Differences in the medians of body composition parameters were further assessed using the Mann- Whitney U test. Fat-free and fat mass indices were derived to offer a precise estimation of body composition parameters adjusted for height differences among study participants. Cases had significantly higher median systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), total fat percentage, fat mass amount, Fat Mass Index, visceral fat, and metabolic age than their counterparts, whereas controls had significantly higher median total body water percentage versus cases. The highest significant differences occurred in fat percentage composition (Cases: β: 6.9 (95% C.I: 4.4, 9.4); Controls: Ref) followed by visceral fat (Cases: β: 3.5 (95% C.I: 2.5, 4.4); controls: Ref) and Fat Mass Index (Cases: 95% C.I: 2.6 (95% C.I: 1.6, 3.7). Cases had significantly higher Fat Mass Index, visceral fat and fat percentage (all p<0.05) than controls. Routine assessment of body composition of T2DM patients needs to be done to assess the amount, type and pattern of weight gain to prevent increases in adiposity.

Prospective evolution of body compositions based on bioelectrical impedance analysis and water intake on patients with gallstone.

We aimed to compare bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) body composition and to reveal predictive factors that may help prevent gallstone formation. Patients with gallstones by ultrasonography were selected as the case group, while participants without stones were selected as the control group. The body composition of the participants in both groups was measured by BIA. Demographic charac-teristics, mean water intake daily of the participants (MWID) and body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass (TBFM), total body fat percentage (BFP), total body water (TBW), body fat mass of trunk (BFM of trunk), and visceral fat level (VFL) measured by BIA were recorded. Predictive risk factors for gallstone formation were revealed by statistical analysis. The data of a total of 191 participants, including 83 participants in the group with gallstones and 108 participants in the group without gallstones, were analyzed. Both groups were statistically similar in terms of age and sex (P>0.05). In univariate analysis, BMI, TBFM, BFP, BFM of trunk, and VFL were statistically significantly higher (P = 0.007, P=0.004, P=0.003, P=0.003, and P=0.005, respectively) while MWID was lower (P<0.001) in the group with gallstone. In multivariate analysis, MWID (ref: ≥1.5 odds ratio [OR]: 7.786 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.612-16.781) and BFP (ref: ≥0.24 OR: 3.102 95%CI: 1.207-7.972) were independent factors in gallstone formation. The MWID and BFP level measured by the BIA technique, which is an easily applicable, noninvasive method, are independent risk factors for gallstone formation.

Revalidation of different circumference and skin fold methods of fat measurement in Indian condition

The aim of this study was to revalidate the skin folds methods and circumference methods for estimating the fat in Indian conditions. Fifty women of 18–26 years of age randomly selected from hostels of Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore. The circumference and the thickness of fold of skin was measured with the help of a plastic with fiber glass freeman’s standard measuring tape and the ABS Plastic made skin fold caliper for the required sites. For establishing the validity of various circumference and skin fold methods for measuring the fat percentage Tanita body fat analyzer was used as criterion measure. For comparing the fat measurement calculated through various techniques of circumference and skin fold methods and the criterion bioelectrical impedance, one way analysis of variance statistics was applied. To establish the reliability, objectivity and validity of the instrument for estimating the fat percentage the level of significance was set at 0.05, which was considered adequate for the purpose of the study. All measurement technique viz. circumference / skin fold are having a positive significant correlation with criterion i.e. Bioelectrical Impedance analysis using Tanita body fat analyzer. Whereas, only US NAVY method 2 is very similar to criterion i.e. bioelectrical impedance analysis technique and the best circumference method for measuring body fat. The two formulas for us navy method abdominal circumference instead of waist circumference is more suitable for measuring body fat for young Indian women.

Fat-to-lean mass ratio as a new anthropometric indicator in predicting metabolic syndrome among Malay adolescents in Terengganu, Malaysia

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of risk factors for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Objectives This cross-sectional study aimed to develop a cut-off value for fat versus lean mass ratio (FLMR) in predicting MetS and to investigate the association between this indicator with MetS and its components. Methods Subjects comprised 238 Malay adolescents (79% female) aged 18–19 years old. Anthropometric assessment comprised weight, height and waist circumference (WC). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques while blood pressure was measured using a blood pressure monitor. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol , triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined from an overnight fasting blood sample. MetS was determined based on International Diabetes Federation (2007) definition for adolescents aged 16-year-old and above. Results The prevalence of MetS was 2.1%. Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off value for FLMR was 0.441 with an Area Under the Curve of 0.874 (95% CI: 0.825, 0.913); with sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 71.0%. FLMR cut-off of 0.441 was associated with high WC ( p &lt; .001), low HDL-c ( p &lt; .001) and MetS ( p &lt; .05). Binary Logistic Regression analysis revealed that adolescents with high WC, low HDL-c and MetS had higher odds of developing increased FLMR than the cut-off value with an odds ratio (OR) of 43.4 (95% CI: 9.7,193.9), 4.7 (95% CI: 2.3,9.8) and 13.3 (95% CI: 1.5,121.2), respectively. Conclusion FLMR possesses fair discriminatory ability in identifying MetS among adolescents and significant association exists between FLMR and MetS and some of its components.

Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Skinfold Thickness to Determine Body Fat Percentage among Young Women

Body composition analysis (BCA) measurements are the quantitative methods to evaluate nutritional status and adiposity. There is an increased need for BCA methods, especially calculation of body fat percentage with better sensitivity and precision. This study is focused on estimation of body fat percentage using two methods. Objective of the study was to compare body fat percentage obtained using four-site skinfold thickness (SFT) measurement with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of young women. The 4-site SFTs were measured at triceps, bicep, subscapular and suprailiac region, using Harpenden caliper. Body fat percentage was computed using sum of skinfolds and Durnin-Womersley equation. BIA was done using a body composition analyzer. Statistical analysis including the Bland-Altman plot was performed in SPSS software v.23.0 and MS Excel. A total of 310 women (age 18-25 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Mean BMI of participants was 22.2±5.05 kg/m2. Body fat percentage from skinfold thickness and BIA techniques were 32.79±5.048% and 33.85±5.32% respectively. Although there was a positive correlation (p&lt;0.01) observed between the two methods, Bland-Altman plot indicated a proportional bias (r=0.176, p&lt;0.05). It also showed difference of agreement between SFT &amp; BIA methods. BIA overestimates the body fat percentage with limits of agreement range -5.33% to 3.28%. Our study reported that BIA overestimates body fat percentages compared to SFT. However, the two methods are not interchangeable. Evaluating anthropometric measurements is considered useful method as it controls regional changes of subcutaneous adiposity, whereas BIA technique can be used for its practical applicability.

Comparison of Muscle Mass, Total Body Water and Total Body Protein in Type II Diabetics with Healthy Matched Adults by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a new and rapid technique to validate body composition. Several studies have used this technique to evaluate body compositions, such as muscle mass, in diabetic patients, but the results are very different. This may due the differences between diabetic patients and control group. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the muscle mass of diabetic patients with healthy matched adults using the BIA method. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 928 diabetic patients and 928 healthy individuals selected based on gender, age, height, weight, and closeness to demographic conditions. Body composition was measured by the BIA technique. Total body water, muscle mass in the trunk, legs, hands, and total body protein were measured by this method. The data were analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA methods. Results: Diabetic women aged 50-60 years showed that their body weight, total protein, total muscle, right-hand muscle mass, left-hand muscle mass, right foot muscle mass, left foot muscle mass, and trunk muscle mass were higher than healthy matched women, and the differences were significant. Conclusion: Diabetic women aged 50-60 years showed the most significant difference compared to other age groups. It seems that diabetes along with the changes in humeral status in this age group due to menopause affected their body weight, total muscle mass, hand and leg muscles, and trunk muscles mass, and total body protein compared to healthy matched women. However, diabetic men showed no significant difference in the studied variables compared to healthy male subjects.

Assessing visceral and subcutaneous adiposity using segmented T2-MRI and multi-frequency segmental bioelectrical impedance: A sex-based comparative study.

Background and Aim:This study aims to quantify abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and assess the extent of its concordance with VAT surface-area measured by a state-of-the-art segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device. A comparison between manual and semi-automated segmentation was conducted. Further, abdominal VAT and SAT sex-based comparison in healthy Arab adults was piloted.Methods:A cross-sectional design was followed to recruit subjects. Abdominal VAT and SAT were determined on T2-weighted MRI manually and semi-automatically. Body composition was assessed using a BIA machine. Statistical differences between the abdominal VAT areas defined by BIA, manual, and semi-automated MRI were compared. Correlation between all methods was assessed, and statistical differences between sex abdominal VAT/SAT defined areas were compared.Results:A total of 165 abdominal T2-weighted MR images taken for 55 overweight/obese adult subjects were analyzed Differences between manual and semi-automated MRI-obtained abdominal VAT and SAT were found statistically significant (P<0.001) for all subjects. Mean abdominal VAT using the BIA technique was found to correlate significantly with manually and semi-automated T2-weighted MRI defined VAT (r=0.7436; P<0.001 and r=0.8275; P<0.001, respectively). Abdominal VAT was significantly (P<0.001) different between male and female subjects accumulating at different abdominal levels.Conclusion:Semi-automatic segmentation showed a stronger significant correlation with BIA compared to manual segmentation, implying a more reliable quantification of abdominal VAT/SAT. A Segmental multi-frequency BIA machine may display an initial estimation for the visceral adiposity in obese subjects that warrants further confirmation by MRI or other accurate techniques. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Correlation of body fat percentage, fat mass index, and fat-free mass index with cardiovascular parameters in non-obese young adults

Background: Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide across all age groups and is associated with a number of disease conditions out of which cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome are prominent. Body composition parameters such as body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), FM index (FMI), fat-free mass (FFM), and FFM index (FFMI) are better indicators of body composition than body mass index which is conventionally used to define and assess obesity and are found to be correlating with cardiovascular risk parameters in different populations but study is limited in number and needs further research. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed at finding out any correlation between BF%, FM, FMI, FFM, and FFMI with cardiovascular parameters such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) in non-obese young adults. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 non-obese student volunteers were included after due approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Standardized instruments were used to record anthropometric measurements such as height and weight. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis Technique (Omron HBF-306 Body Fat Monitor) was used to measure BF%. FM, FFM, FMI, and FFMI were calculated using standard formulae. Clarity Med. PMS 320 cardiac monitor was used to record blood pressure and HR. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 24). Karl Pearson’s coefficient was used to study linear relation between BF%, FM, FMI, FFM, FFMI, and cardiovascular variables such as SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR. Correlation was considered significant at 0.05 level (two tailed). Results: FFM showed fair positive correlation with SBP, DBP, and MAP (r value 0.490, 0.255, and 0.390, respectively). FFMI also showed fair positive correlation with blood pressure variables with r values for SBP – 0.482, DBP – 0.228, and MAP – 0.369. Positive correlation was also observed for FM and FMI with SBP, DBP, and MAP. Positive correlation but poor strength of association was found between BF% and SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR. Conclusion: In non-obese young adults in both sexes, FFM, FFMI, FM, and FMI showed positive correlation with cardiovascular variables such as SBP, DBP, and MAP with FFM and FFMI having highest positive correlation whereas BF% showed poor strength of association with the cardiovascular variables.

Changes in Inspiratory and Expiratory Flow Rates with Sustained Hand Grip and their Correlation with Fat Free Mass Index in Healthy Young Adults

Introduction: Aerobic exercises which are isotonic in nature have been proved to be beneficial in a number of cardiovascular and lifestyle diseases. But the effect of isometric exercises on cardiovascular and respiratory system is not fully evaluated. Existing literature on effect of isometric exercise on respiratory flow parameters are scanty and needs to be studied. Further, the impact of muscle mass on respiratory flow parameters need to be evaluated. Aim: To investigate the change in respiratory flow parameters (Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF), Maximal Inspiratory Flow (MIF) 50, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), Maximum Expiratory Flow (MEF) 25-75, MEF 25, MEF 50 and MEF 75) in response to Sustained hand grip exercise and to find out any correlation between these flow parameters and Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Physiology, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur University, Odisha between October 2011 and August 2014. A total of 150 healthy volunteers aged between 17 to 25 years were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements were recorded using standardised instruments. Body fat percentage was measured by Bioelectric Impedance Analysis technique and then Fat Free Mass (FFM) and FFMI were calculated using standard formulae. Respiratory Flow parameters were assessed using Flow handy Spirometer as per the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines. Sustained hand grip exercise was performed with Physilab Grip Dynamometer. IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24.0, was used for statistical analysis. Paired sample t-test was used to compare lung volumes at baseline and after 3 minutes of sustained hand grip exercise. The p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Karl Pearson Correlation coefficient was used to study the linear relationship between FFMI and various inspiratory and expiratory flow rates. Results: The mean values of all respiratory flow parameters under study decreased at 3 minutes of sustained hand grip exercise as compared to baseline values. This change was statistically significant for PEF (p-value 0.012), MEF 25-75 (p-value 0.041), MEF 50 (p-value 0.001), MEF 75 (p-value 0.012) and MIF50 (p-value 0.004) (p&lt;0.05). All the flow rates studied except MEF 25 showed significant positive correlation with FFMI (r-values between 0.231 to 0.380, p&lt;0.05) but the strength of association was low. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant reduction in both inspiratory and expiratory flow parameters with isometric sustained hand grip exercise. So, isometric exercises should be avoided in patients with obstructive airway diseases. But muscle mass should be improved for better ventilation as authors observed a positive correlation between FFMI and respiratory flow rates.

Relevance of body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis vs. deuterium dilution technique to assess excess of fat among young adults

ABSTRACT Our study aimed to assess the nutritional status by using body composition among young Tunisian adults through three measurement methods: body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and deuterium oxide dilution technique (2H2O) and to determine the accuracy of BMI and BIA in order to evaluate the overweight and obesity among young adults in Tunisia. Our study involved 144 young adults. Anthropometric parameters were measured. The fat mass percentage (%FM) was determined by 2H2O and BIA techniques. The analysis of deuterium enrichment was performed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). According to BMI, 26.4% of subjects were overweight and 5.5% were obese. The mean of %FM estimated by BIA was significantly higher than that determined by 2H2O (29.7 ± 7.7 vs. 26.3 ± 10.6, p < .0001). Consequently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity assessed by BIA was significantly higher than by 2H2O (51.4% vs. 34%, p < .0001). Using BMI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar to that estimated by 2H2O (31.9% vs. 34%, p = 0.544). Compared to 2H2O, BIA overestimates the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults. On the other hand, the BMI showed an interesting correlation with the %FM determined by 2H2O.

Anthropometric Markers as a Paradigm for Obesity Risk Assessment

Background: Quantification of obesity/adiposity is feasible with different anthropometric characteristics along with the bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques. Recent advancements are now witnessing development of further computations derived from previously established measures to gauge obesity. Objective: Main aim of our study was to evaluate the association of anthropometric determinants of obesity with body compositional adiposity variables, and thus identifying the best marker among them emerging out as the probable predictor for compositional adiposity. Participants and Setting: 550 female participants within the age of 18 to 23 years were enrolled under this study attending graduation course at University of Delhi. Ethical clearance was received from the institutional head. Informed written consent was taken from every participant. Design: All the body measurements were recorded by trained staff using standard techniques. Derived measurements were calculated further. Analysis: Data, hence, gathered was undertaken for descriptive and infer-ential statistical analysis with SPSS 20.0. Variables Measured and Results: WHR over-estimated the count for those at risk compared to waist circumference and WHtR. Skeletal muscle fat associated negatively with all anthropometric adiposity indicators. BMI, BAI, WHtR and waist circumference related closely with all body composition cum obesity markers compared to WHR, CI and ABSI. BAI overrated the risk for fat determining body composition parameters the most followed by BMI. ABSI revealed an underestimated risk for augmenting fat content in body, compared to other markers. Conclusion and Implications: It is difficult to establish with compliance as to which of the measures used in the study could better predict the perils of obesity but it could be ascertained that some of the newly verified anthropometric adiposity indicators could be administered for determining clinical situations after further validation.

Determination of Body Fat Percentage by Body State Devices and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Background: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the most accurate technique in determining fat percentage but it is unpotable, expensive, unavailable for general applicability.&#x0D; Objective: This study aimed to find the most accurate and easiest technique as alternative to DEXA for quick determination of body fat%. This study examined the accuracy of three models of Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique (Fat Loss Monitor- Body Composition -Body Fat Analyzer) in determining the body fat percentage with using DEXA as a reference standard.&#x0D; Subject and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out during the period from (28-9-2017) to (5-4-2018) among a random sample of (53) volunteers female student in Umm Al Qura University from Faculty of Applied Medical Science aged between (20-39 years) from different level of education. All subjects were generally healthy, data was collected through a structured questionnaire compose of three section. Demographic data was collected and anthropometric measurements were evaluated as well as body composition (Only body fat%) using DEXA, body composition monitor, fat loss monitor and body fat analyzer.&#x0D; Results: BMI classification of the total 53 subjects was including 8 healthy females, 17 overfat, 25 obese and 3 underweight. The fat% result from DEXA and body fat analyzer was significant difference at (P &lt; 0.05). Fat percent result from DEXA and Body Composition device was non-significant difference at (P&gt;0.05). The fat% result from DEXA and Fat Loss Monitor device was significant at difference (P&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The most accurate of BIA technique was the Body Composition device compering to DEXA.

Clinically relevant body composition methods for obese pediatric patients

BackgroundThere is no gold standard in body composition measurement in pediatric patients with obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if there are any differences between two bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques performed in children and adolescents with obesity.MethodsData were collected at the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in Vienna from September 2015 to May 2017. Body composition measurement was performed with TANITA scale and BIA-BIACORPUS.ResultsIn total, 38 children and adolescents (age: 10–18 years, BMI: 25–54 kg/m2) were included. Boys had significantly increased fat free mass (TANITA p = 0.019, BIA p = 0.003), total body water (TANITA p = 0.020, BIA p = 0.005), and basal metabolic rate (TANITA p = 0.002, BIA p = 0.029). Girls had significantly increased body fat percentage with BIA (BIA p = 0.001). No significant gender differences of core abdominal area have been determined. TANITA overestimated body fat percentage (p < 0.001), fat mass (p = 0.002), and basal metabolic rate (p < 0.001) compared to BIA. TANITA underestimated fat free mass (p = 0.002) in comparison to BIA. The Bland Altman plot demonstrated a low agreement between the body composition methods.ConclusionsLow agreement between TANITA scale and BIA-BIACORPUS has been observed. Body composition measurement should always be performed by the same devices to obtain comparable results. At clinical routine due to its feasibility, safety, and efficiency, bioelectrical impedance analysis is appropriate for obese pediatric patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials NCT02545764. Registered 10 September 2015.

Asian BMI criteria are better than WHO criteria in predicting Hypertension: A cross-sectional study from rural India.

Background:International Obesity Task Force proposed lower body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for defining overweight and obesity in Asian population. However, there is an absence of unanimity regarding the definition of overweight and obesity that is confusing while estimating disease burden, resource allocation, and priority setting. Therefore, the primary aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its predictors as per different criteria (WHO criteria, Modified Asian criteria of BMI classification and BF% estimation by bioelectric impedance analysis technique). The secondary aim was to assess the concordance of overweight and obesity as diagnosed using these three methods.Methodology:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Rohtak, north India over a period of 1 year with a sample size of 1080. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, blood pressure, body fat % analysis were recorded using standard protocols.Results:The prevalence of overweight and obesity were observed to be 49.62% (N = 536) as per the modified criteria for the Asian Indians (BMI ≥23 kg/m2) and 34.62% (N = 374) according to WHO criteria (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). A total of 18.3% of the study population were hypertensive. Modified criteria of BMI classification for Asian Indians had high sensitivity (67%) as compared to WHO criteria (55%) in predicting, diagnosing hypertension, and resembled sensitivity estimate obtained through direct body fat percentage estimation (69%).Conclusion:Modified criteria of overweight and obesity classification are better in terms of reducing comorbid dysmetabolic conditions, as exemplified by hypertension.

Longitudinal Body Composition Changes and the Importance of Fat-Free Mass Index in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy

Aim: This was a prospective investigation of longitudinal body composition changes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and a comparison of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism) diagnostic criteria (EDC) as evaluation methods. Methods: All patients received standard CCRT according to 2 centers’ current practices. Body composition parameters were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis and obtained weekly from baseline until the end of treatment. The nutritional status of all patients was evaluated by the PG-SGA and EDC. Results: Forty-eight patients were eligible for analysis. Most body composition parameters, including body cell mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal mass, as well as body weight, body mass index, and PG-SGA score, significantly decreased during CCRT (P = .00). The PG-SGA was shown to have better sensitivity than the EDC; however, the 2 different evaluation methods were found to have a perfect concordance at Week 4 and Week 6 (κ = 0.91 and 0.96, P = .00 and .00, respectively). Pearson correlation analyses showed that fat-free mass index and body weight were positively correlated with global quality of life score (r = 0.81, P = .00; r = 0.78, P = .00, respectively). Conclusions: This study has shown that body composition parameters, especially fat-free mass index, are valuable for diagnosing malnutrition in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving CCRT. We recommend that these bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques should be increasingly implemented in nutritional assessments.

Regional body fat distribution assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis and its correlation with anthropometric indices

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to assess the validity of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) to characterize the regional fat distribution among female and its correlation with anthropometric indices. Materials and methodsThe following indices were carried out: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist hip index (WC + HC) of random samples (209) of women (age, 32–85 years). The segmental body fat percentages were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Hand-to-Hand and Foot-to-Foot Body Analyzer devices were used to estimate upper and lower body fat percent (BF %), respectively. Upper and lower body fat measurements were used to calculate total body fat. Agreement between the variables was assessed by scatter plots. ResultsThe plots of upper and lower percent body fat (BF %) against waist and hip circumferences revealed significant correlation values of (r = 0.949) and (r = 0.942), respectively. The total of upper and lower body fat ratios showed a stronger correlation with the BMI than those of severally. Weak to fear correlations between upper and lower body fat percent, with BMI were observed. ConclusionThe results indicated that the BIA technique of estimating segmental body fat percent associated with the anthropometrical indices (WC, HC) has the potential to determine adiposity risk available for use in large epidemiological studies.

Validation of Bioelectric Impedance Analysis against Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Assessment of Body Composition in Indian Children Aged 5 to 18 Years.

To validate body composition measurements by Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) against Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference method in healthy children and adolescents. Cross-sectional. Schools in and around Pune city, India. A random sample of 210 (114 boys, 96 girls) apparently healthy Indian children and adolescents (5-18 y). Weight, height, Tanner stage (TS) were recorded. Body composition measures: fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), bone mineral content (BMC) and body fat percentage (%BF) were assessed by BIA and DXA on a single day. Agreement between the methods was estimated by Pearson's correlation, and Bland and Altman analysis. %BF, FM, FFM, LM, BMC. BIA underestimated %BF by 6.7 (3.7)% as compared to DXA. Mean FFM, BMC and LM by BIA were significantly higher than by DXA (P<0.001). These differences remained similar after adjusting for age, BMI and TS. Mean differences between FFM (-2.32 (1.39) kg), BMC (-0.18 (0.15) kg), and LM (-2.15 (1.34) kg) by DXA and BIA were significant (P<0.01). Correlations between BIA and DXA were 0.92 for %BF, 0.96 for LM and 0.98 for FFM and BMC. Both the methods were similar in identifying normal and overfat children as per their respective cut-offs. BIA and DXA techniques are not interchangeable for assessment of body composition. However, BIA may be used in the field/clinical setting preferably with ethnicity specific references.

Body fat prediction equations for skinfold and bioelectrical impedance analysis using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data as the criterion.

Background and purpose: Body composition evaluation during health screenings and physical examination is important for health professionals (including physical therapists) to categorize health risk and prescribe appropriate exercise interventions. In addition to measuring bone mineral density, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can provide precise measurement of body fat percentage with minimal radiation exposure. However, having access to DXA is very costly and other common body fat measurements are no very accurate. The purpose of this study was to develop body fat prediction equations for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold measurement, using DXA data as the criterion. Methods: This was a within-group study with repeated measures. Sixty three college age students participated in the study. Subject’s body fat percentage was examined with DXA, BIA, and the 3-site skinfold measurements. Results: Body fat percentage measured with DXA (26.27% is significantly higher than those measured with skinfold (17.64% and BIA (20.70%). The DXA criterion regression equations were created for skinfold and BIA: DXA% BF=4.65+0.43 × S3SF (sum of 3 site skinfold in mm); DXA% BF=3.79+1.09 × BIA% BF. The new regression equations were further validated using 75% -25% subject crossvalidation. Discussion: Body fat percentage varies greatly among different measurements. Adjustments are necessary to accurately predict body fat percentage when using skinfold or BIA techniques at a clinical setting. The limitation of the study is that it is unclear if the results can be generalized to subjects of a different age group and ethnicities. Implication for physiotherapy practice: Obtaining an accurate body fat percentage measurement is important for health promotion and cardiovascular risk screening. Although skin-fold and BIA equipment are more readily available, their results underestimate the body fat percentage and may mislead clinicians on the wellbeing of the patient.

Body fat prediction equations for skinfold and bioelectrical impedance analysis using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data as the criterion.

Background and purpose: Body composition evaluation during health screenings and physical examination is important for health professionals (including physical therapists) to categorize health risk and prescribe appropriate exercise interventions. In addition to measuring bone mineral density, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can provide precise measurement of body fat percentage with minimal radiation exposure. However, having access to DXA is very costly and other common body fat measurements are no very accurate. The purpose of this study was to develop body fat prediction equations for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold measurement, using DXA data as the criterion. Methods: This was a within-group study with repeated measures. Sixty three college age students participated in the study. Subject’s body fat percentage was examined with DXA, BIA, and the 3-site skinfold measurements. Results: Body fat percentage measured with DXA (26.27% is significantly higher than those measured with skinfold (17.64% and BIA (20.70%). The DXA criterion regression equations were created for skinfold and BIA: DXA% BF=4.65+0.43 × S3SF (sum of 3 site skinfold in mm); DXA% BF=3.79+1.09 × BIA% BF. The new regression equations were further validated using 75% -25% subject crossvalidation. Discussion: Body fat percentage varies greatly among different measurements. Adjustments are necessary to accurately predict body fat percentage when using skinfold or BIA techniques at a clinical setting. The limitation of the study is that it is unclear if the results can be generalized to subjects of a different age group and ethnicities. Implication for physiotherapy practice: Obtaining an accurate body fat percentage measurement is important for health promotion and cardiovascular risk screening. Although skin-fold and BIA equipment are more readily available, their results underestimate the body fat percentage and may mislead clinicians on the wellbeing of the patient.

Body fat percentage of school age children (10-15 years) using the bioelectric impedance analysis technique in a rural area of Bengaluru, South India

Body fat percentage of school age children (10-15 years) using the bioelectric impedance analysis technique in a rural area of Bengaluru, South India