Biodegradation Of Petroleum Oil Research Articles

Isolation and characterization of Candida tropicalis B: a promising yeast strain for biodegradation of petroleum oil in marine environments

The increasing interest in environmental protection laws has compelled companies to regulate the disposal of waste organic materials. Despite efforts to explore alternative energy sources, the world remains heavily dependent on crude petroleum oil and its derivatives. The expansion of the petroleum industry has significant implications for human and environmental well-being. Bioremediation, employing living microorganisms, presents a promising approach to mitigate the harmful effects of organic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. This study aimed to isolate and purify local yeast strains from oil-contaminated marine water samples capable of aerobically degrading crude petroleum oils and utilizing them as sole carbon and energy sources. One yeast strain (isolate B) identified as Candida tropicalis demonstrated high potential for biodegrading petroleum oil in seawater. Physiological characterization revealed the strain’s ability to thrive across a wide pH range (4–11) with optimal growth at pH 4, as well as tolerate salt concentrations ranging from 1 to 12%. The presence of glucose and yeast extract in the growth medium significantly enhanced the strain's biomass formation and biodegradation capacity. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the yeast cell diameter varied based on the medium composition, further emphasizing the importance of organic nitrogenous sources for initial growth. Furthermore, the yeast strain exhibited remarkable capabilities in degrading various aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, with a notable preference for naphthalene and phenol at 500 and 1000 mg/l, naphthalene removal reached 97.4% and 98.6%, and phenol removal reached 79.48% and 52.79%, respectively. Optimization experiments using multi-factorial sequential designs highlighted the influential role of oil concentration on the bioremediation efficiency of Candida tropicalis strain B. Moreover, immobilized yeast cells on thin wood chips demonstrated enhanced crude oil degradation compared to thick wood chips, likely due to increased surface area for cell attachment. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential of Candida tropicalis for petroleum oil bioremediation in marine environments, paving the way for sustainable approaches to address oil pollution.

Biodegradation of petroleum oil using a constructed nonpathogenic and heavy metal-tolerant bacterial consortium isolated from marine sponges

Marine sponges are an attractive source of bacterial strains that are tolerant to and able to degrade toxic compounds. This study reveals the diverse bacterial communities of marine sponges collected from the Thailand coast by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Functional predictions using Tax4Fun2 indicated that the sponge bacterial communities have the potential for crude oil degradation. In this work, two nonpathogenic crude oil-degrading bacteria, Sphingobium naphthae MO2–4 and Bacillus aryabhattai TL01–2, isolated from the sponges Chalinula sp. and Clathria reinwardti, respectively, were selected to construct a bacterial consortium named MOTL. The results showed that the strains MO2–4 and TL01–2 had biosurfactant producing abilities and each had the ability to adhere to hydrocarbons. These strains also demonstrated capacities for surviving in the presence of various heavy metals. Moreover, strain MO2–4 contained genes encoding hydrocarbon-degrading enzymes. Consortium MOTL achieved 64%, 63%, and 51% degradation efficiencies for 2000 mg L−1 crude oil, diesel oil, and fuel oil, respectively, within 7 days and still maintained its degradation capacity when the concentration of petroleum oil increased to 8000 mg L−1. The consortium could degrade phenanthrene, tetradecane and a mixture of phenanthrene and tetradecane, and its degradation efficiencies were more effective than those of the individual strains. Consequently, the consortium MOTL is a promising candidate for the full-scale application of petroleum bioremediation in the presence of heavy metals.

Mycoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil by specific fungi isolated from Dhahran in Saudi Arabia.

Crude oil biodegrading microorganism considers the key role for environmental preserving. In this investigation, crude oil biodegrading fungal strains have been isolated in polluted soil of crude-oil at khurais oil ground in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Among of 22 fungal isolates, only three isolates reflected potential capability for oil degradation. These isolates were identified and submitted to GenBank as (A1) Aspergillus polyporicola (MT448790), (A2) Aspergillus spelaeus (MT448791) and (A3) Aspergillus niger (MT459302) through internal-transcribed spacer-regions (ITS1&ITS2) for sequencing in molecular marker. Comparing with controls, strain (A1) Aspergillus niger was superior for biodegradation ability (58%) comparing with Aspergillus polyporicola and Aspergillus spelaeus degrading were showed 47 and 51% respectively. Employed CO2 evolution as indicator for petroleum oil biodegradation by the fungal isolates reflected that, Aspergillus niger emission highest CO2 (28.6%) comparing with Aspergillus spelaeus and Aspergillus polyporicola which showed 13% and 12.4% respectively. capability of Aspergillus sp. to tolerate and adapted oil pollutants with successful growth rate on them, indicated that it can be employed as mycoremediation agent for recovering restoring ecosystem when contaminated by crude oil.

Characterization of the microbial community diversity and composition of the coast of Lebanon: Potential for petroleum oil biodegradation.

In this study, the shoreline of Lebanon, which extends over 225 km along the eastern side of the Mediterranean Sea, was characterized for its sediment microbial community diversity and composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with Illumina MiSeq technology. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed no clear grouping among nearby sampled sites along the shoreline. Insignificant diversion between the wet and dry season microbial communities was observed along the coast at each sampling site. A high variation at the genus level was observed, with several novel genera identified at high relative abundance in certain locations, such as JTB255 marine benthic groups OTU_4 (5.4%) and OTU_60 (3.2%), and BD7-8 marine group OTU_5 (2.9%).

Kinetics of petroleum oil biodegradation by a consortium of three protozoan isolates (Aspidisca sp., Trachelophyllum sp. and Peranema sp.)

Petroleum oil is a complex mixture of substances, the majority of which are hydrocarbons; the latter represent an extremely important and heterogeneous group of compounds that find their way into water resources by anthropogenic or natural ways. The majority of toxic hydrocarbon components of petroleum are biodegradable, where bioremediation using microbial species has become an integral process for the restoration of oil-polluted areas. In this study, three bioremediation processes, namely natural attenuation, nutrient supplementation by adding glucose and biostimulation by adding Tween® 80, were carried out in various petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in polluted water media using a consortium of three protozoan isolates (Aspidisca sp., Trachelophyllum sp. and Peranema sp.). A first-order kinetics model was fitted to the biodegradation data to evaluate the biodegradation rate and to determine the corresponding half-life time. First-order kinetics satisfactorily described the biodegradation of the petroleum-based contaminants under abiotic conditions. The results showed an increase in the percentage removal of petroleum oil at the lower petroleum concentrations and a gradual percentage decrease in removing petroleum oil residues occurred when there was an increase in the initial concentrations of the petroleum oil: 39%, 27%, 22%, 12%, 10% for various petroleum oil concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250mg/L, respectively. A similar trend was also observed in the glucose-supplemented culture media where the reduction was 45% and 78% for petroleum concentrations of 250mg/L and 50mg/L, respectively. Biodegradation of between 33 and 90% was achieved at a Tween® 80 concentration of between 50mg/L and 250mg/L. The degradation rate constants for the natural attenuation process ranged between ≥0 to ≤0.50, ≥0 to ≤0.35, ≥0 to ≤0.25, ≥0 to ≤ 0.14 and ≥ 0 to ≤0.11 for petroleum oil concentrations varying from 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250mg/L, respectively, during the study after 30days. In the presence of glucose as a nutrient supplement, the degradation rate constants increased from 0day−1 to 0.8day−1 when exposed to the lowest oil concentration of 50mg/L, while the lowest rate constants (from 0day−1 to 0.25day−1) were observed at the highest petroleum oil concentration of 250mg/L for the same period. Overall enhancement of the degradation rates was achieved when adding the Tween® 80 surfactant compared to the first two biodegradation processes. The longest half-life was achieved after 217days during the natural attenuation process for samples with an oil concentration of 250mg/L and this was reduced to 85days using the glucose-supplemented process. There was a further decrease to 45days when Tween® 80 surfactant was added during the biostimulation process. The highest efficiency of ≥20% of Tween® 80 was observed between 6 and 18days and thereafter it decreased slightly to ≤20%.

Biodegradation of Petroleum Oil by a Novel Bacillus cereus Strain DRDU1 from an Automobile Engine

Contamination of soil and air due to hydrocarbon is a global issue and bioremediation providesprobably the best way to remediate the contaminants. The current study shows the biodegradation of crudeoil, diesel and used engine oil by a newly isolated Bacillus cereus strain DRDU1 from an automobile engine.Hydrocarbon degrading strains were screened on BH (Bushnell and Haas broth) agar supplemented with 2%(v/v) of used engine oil as sole carbon source. The strain was found to be degrading 77%, 67%, and 16% ofdiesel, crude oil, and used engine oil respectively after 28 days under nitrogen and phosphorus stressedcondition. It was increased significantly up to 99%, 84% and 29% in presence of nitrate and phosphatesupplements. Degradation was confirmed both gravimetrically and by gas liquid chromatographic analysis.The strain proves itself a stress tolerating bacteria by withstanding 7% of salinity, 37% of glucose concentrationand 52% of relative humidity. The thermal death point of the strain was found to be 86oC. The significance ofthe study is that the percentage degradation of the complex petroleum supplements used in the study wasfound to be far higher than some of the previously reported values.

Biodegradation of crude petroleum oil and environmental pollutants by Candida tropicalis strain

ABSTRACT A local yeast isolate named A was isolated from polluted area of Abou-Qir gulf (Alexandria, Egypt), identified according to a partial sequence of 18sRNA as Candida tropicalis . The isolate showed a high potency in petroleum oil biodegradation as well some hydrocarbons. Morphological changes in cell diameter of this yeast were recognized upon growing the target cell in sea water medium supplemented with petroleum oil as sole carbon source in comparison to the growth in enriched medium. Statistically-based experimental design was applied to evaluate the significance of factors on petroleum oil biodegradation by this yeast isolate. Eleven culture conditions were examined by implementing Plackett-Burman factorial design where aeration, NH 4 Cl and K 2 HPO 4 had the most positive significance on oil degradation. Key words: Key words : petroleum oil, Candida tropicalis , 18Sr RNA, biodegradation, Plackett-Burman * Author for correspondence: nadiastuttgart@yahoo.com

Biodegradation of petroleum oil achieved by bacteria and nematodes in contaminated water

The treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated water by bioremediation via a food chain of microbes is an achievable process. The conversion of fuel oils to biomass derived from microbes has demonstrated that it is an environmentally friendly procedure with no secondary pollution generated. Black petroleum oils with a mean TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) concentration of 15,900 mg/L were transformed into a light orange solution with a mean TPH level of 10 mg/L after a bioremediation process of 64 days. A bacterial Bacillus species was identified as the primary degrader for dominating biodegradation of the contaminated materials. Its abundance in turn supported the increase in biomass of a bacterivore nematode. The nematode was introduced successfully from the aeration tank of a sewage treatment plant (STP) to the petroleum contaminated cultures giving its maximum number of 72 individuals/mL. A reduction in the content of TPH was inversely proportional to an increase in bacterial population as well as an abundance of nematode. The cooperation of the microbes promotes the biodegradation rate of the petroleum hydrocarbons.

Optimization of immobilization conditions for petroleum oil biodegradation using wood chips and wax as carrier for Candida spp.

Optimization of immobilization conditions for petroleum oil biodegradation using wood chips and wax as carrier for Candida spp.

Crude petroleum-oil biodegradation efficiency of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from a petroleum-oil contaminated soil from North-East India

The efficiency of Bacillus subtilis DM-04 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa M and NM strains isolated from a petroleum contaminated soil sample from North-East India was compared for the biodegradation of crude petroleum-oil hydrocarbons in soil and shake flask study. These bacterial strains could utilize crude petroleum-oil hydrocarbons as sole source of carbon and energy. Bioaugmentation of TPH contaminated microcosm with P. aeruginosa M and NM consortia and B. subtilis strain showed a significant reduction of TPH levels in treated soil as compared to control soil at the end of experiment (120 d). P. aeruginosa strains were more efficient than B. subtilis strain in reducing the TPH content from the medium. The plate count technique indicated expressive growth and biosurfactant production by exogenously seeded bacteria in crude petroleum-oil rich soil. The results showed that B. subtilis DM-04 and P. aeruginosa M and NM strains could be effective for in situ bioremediation.

Utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. and transformed E. coli

Our previous studies showed that the biodegradation of petroleum oil by a i>pseudomonas isolated from a petroleum-contaminated soil was instable. In this work, t is shown that when the isolates are immobilized on Perlite, they are more stable for oil egradation. Although the isolate did not have any chemotaxis to octadecane, dodecane and ctane but utilize octadecane and dodecane better than octane and it did not utilized exane, benzene, kerosene, pentane, heptane or thiophenol. The generation time for degradation of petroleum oil, dodecane and octadecane was 20, 22, and 25 h respectively. This phenotype was not transformed to Pseudomonas by conjugation even with lysozyme treatment, however the petroleum oil and octadecane utilization were transformed to E . coli by lysozyme treatment. The transformed E . coli lost the ability to use octadecane after three subcultures on nutrient broth and 34 generations. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (2), pp. 172-176, 2005

Utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. and transformed E. coli

Our previous studies showed that the biodegradation of petroleum oil by apseudomonas isolated from a petroleum-contaminated soil was instable. In this work, it is shown that when the isolates are immobilized on Perlite, they are more stable for oil degradation. Although the isolate did not have any chemotaxis to octadecane, dodecane and octane but utilize octadecane and dodecane better than octane and it did not utilized hexane, benzene, kerosene, pentane, heptane or thiophenol. The generation time for degradation of petroleum oil, dodecane and octadecane was 20, 22, and 25 h respectively. This phenotype was not transformed to Pseudomonas by conjugation even with lysozyme treatment, however the petroleum oil and octadecane utilization were transformed to E. coli by lysozyme treatment. The transformed E. coli lost the ability to use octadecane after three subcultures on nutrient broth and 34 generations. Key words: Petroleum, transformation, chemotaxis, biodegradation, immobilization.