Biodegradable Base Oil Research Articles

Tribological behavior of a novel organic molybdenum containing dimercaptothiadiazole as a multifunctional additive in biodegradable base oil

Organic molybdenum friction modifier is an indispensable lubricating material owing to its remarkable tribological behavior, which has been widely used in various fields. Here, a feasible method is provided for the synthesis of thiadiazole organic molybdenum as a multifunctional lubricant additive in the trimethylolpropane trioleate biodegradable base oil. Results show that the coefficient of friction and the wear scar diameter are significantly decreased by ~39% and ~42%, respectively. Moreover, its extreme pressure performance is also improved by more than 50%. The XANES results show that the functional group of the thiadiazole and molybdate in the additive molecule will form a tribofilm rich in sulfate and molybdate to enhance the properties of friction-reducing, anti-wear and load-bearing capacity of the based oil.

Designing Lubricating Properties of Vegetable Base Oils.

Lubricants that are based on renewable raw materials have drawn increased attention in various applications, especially those related to the food industry. Due to the high requirements of environmental protection, there is a need to develop biodegradable base oils that are environmentally friendly and do not contain harmful components. The objective of the research was to obtain a base oil with a certain viscosity and certain desired lubricating properties. Base oils were obtained from Crambe abyssinica oil by means of blending with synthetic oil and oxidation. The oxidation processes were carried out in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide with or without CO2 as a solvent. As a final result of this study, oil bases meeting the viscosity requirements and showing suitable lubricating properties were obtained. The Raman spectra of the obtained oils were evaluated.

Experimental study on the tribological properties of CuO-based biodegradable nanolubricants for machine tool slideways

Bio-lubricants are biodegradable and non-toxic. Bio-based lubricants are an attractive alternative to conventional mineral oil-based lubricants. This study deals with the tribological investigation of biodegradable nanolubricants which could be applied in machine tool slideways. The nanoparticle used was copper oxide (CuO) and the biodegradable oils used were coconut oil, sesame oil, olive oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil. The nanolubricants were prepared by adding 0.1% wt. of CuO nanoparticles in each biodegradable base oil. Experiments were conducted on a pin on block type reciprocating friction monitor and four ball tester. Friction, stick-slip and wear characteristics were analysed. The test results showed that the addition of CuO nanoparticles in biodegradable oils improve friction reduction and antiwear properties. The mechanism of friction reduction is found to be the formation of tribofilm through deposition of CuO nanoparticles on the wear surfaces. Field testing was conducted for the best nanolubricants.

Experimental study on the tribological properties of CuO-based biodegradable nanolubricants for machine tool slideways

Bio-lubricants are biodegradable and non-toxic. Bio-based lubricants are an attractive alternative to conventional mineral oil-based lubricants. This study deals with the tribological investigation of biodegradable nanolubricants which could be applied in machine tool slideways. The nanoparticle used was copper oxide (CuO) and the biodegradable oils used were coconut oil, sesame oil, olive oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil. The nanolubricants were prepared by adding 0.1% wt. of CuO nanoparticles in each biodegradable base oil. Experiments were conducted on a pin on block type reciprocating friction monitor and four ball tester. Friction, stick-slip and wear characteristics were analysed. The test results showed that the addition of CuO nanoparticles in biodegradable oils improve friction reduction and antiwear properties. The mechanism of friction reduction is found to be the formation of tribofilm through deposition of CuO nanoparticles on the wear surfaces. Field testing was conducted for the best nanolubricants.

Ways of Improving the Tribological Characteristics of Composite Polymeric Materials and Lubricants in Friction Units

The regularities of the formation of a friction transfer film (FTF) of polymeric composite materials on a metallic counterface are found. It is shown that in the friction process, the lubricants based on biodegradable base oils are able to form antifriction films, which are related to surface absorption structures.

Evaluation of corrosion behaviour of biodegradable base oils using electrochemical techniques

This paper describes an interesting attempt to quantitatively evaluate the corrosion behaviour of base oils using a novel approach based on electrochemical techniques. The present study evaluates the corrosion behaviour of biodegradable base oils with and without additives in an aqueous chloride solution using electrochemical measurements. Potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used to quantitatively determine the corrosion behaviour of these oils, and the results were compared to the conventional immersion tests. Both these electrochemical measurements were carried out in a three-electrode system where AS1020 mild steel alloy was used as a working electrode in a purpose made pipette cell. The results obtained from the electrochemical measurements help to evaluate the best biodegradable base oil for formulating eco-friendly industrial lubricants.

Application Research of Biodegradable Base Oil in the Green Metal Cutting Fluid

This paper mainly enumerated several kinds of base oil which all have a good biodegradation, such as vegetable oil, synthetic ester, poly-alpha-olefin, polyethylene glycol , introduced their performances, functions, the research status and the application prospect in the cutting fluid and brings forward the direction of the metal cutting fluid's development.

Application of Biodegradable Cutting Fluids in High Speed Turning

Large quantities of coolant-lubricants are still widely used in metal working industry, generating high consumption and discard costs and impacting the environment. An alternative to current practices is to use biodegradable cutting fluids that doesn’t pollute environment or require new setups. In current study, biodegradable base oils, synthetic ester and castor oil, are chosen and compounded into cutting fluids which correspond with the national standards. The tests have been performed to high speed turn AISI 1045 steel in ester-based fluid, castor-based emulsion, kerosene and dry condition. The results indicate that the application of cutting fluids is inevitable in metal machining and can not be replaced by dry machining. The lubricating and cooling properties of the ester-based fluid and castor-based emulsion are better than kerosene and can wholly replace mineral oil.

Evaluation of antioxidants in rapeseed oils for railway application

In order to evaluate the applicability of biodegradable base-oil lubricants for railway applications, the influence of UV(ultraviolet)-B light (280–320 nm) on oxidation stability and the tribological performance of rapeseed oil (RO) have been investigated. Antioxidant free RO was oxidized immediately under UV-B irradiation at moderate temperature. Three sterically hindered phenolic-type antioxidants, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and 2-6-di- tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol were tested in order to increase the oxidation stability of RO. Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) was the most effective, prolonging the oxidation induction time from 3 h of RO to 40 h. The tribological performance of RO could be improved by the addition of metallic detergent (Ca–alkylsalicylate–CaCO 3) and was stable against the UV-B irradiation.

New Method Proposed for the Assessment of Lubricant Biodegradability during its Use

During operations using biodegradable oil for lubrication, the chemical structure of the biolubricant changes and, as a consequence, its biodegradability tends to decrease. Despite the fact that the biodegradability of most of the fresh biodegradable oils has been well determined, the monitoring of the biodegradability of oil during its aging has not been studied. Thus, the development of a monitoring method for on-line measuring of lubricant biodegradability could provide a significant advance in lubrication and environmental management. In the present paper, the prediction of the biodegradability of a lubricant by means of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with advanced statistical techniques like PLS is presented. Three fully formulated ester oils and a biodegradable base oil without additives were selected for performing laboratory oxidation in a batch reactor at 140°C using an air flux and aided by mechanical stirring. During the aging process of the oils, 35 aliquots were sampled at different degradation times, in order to build a mathematical model which allowed the biodegradability of oil to be predicted.

2804 軸受鋼と種々の摩擦材料の組み合わせに対する100%植物油の潤滑特性(S65 サステイナブル・トライボロジー)

The bio-degradable hydraulic fluid and lubricant are essential to reduce environmental pollution induced by oil leakage from mechanical systems for outdoor work. The vegetable oil is one of effective bio-degradable base oil. However, performance of tribosystem using the vegetable oil hasn't been clear yet. In this research, lubrication characteristics of some vegetable oils between bearing steel and various tribomaterials were investigated by high-frequency linear-oscillation test machine (SRV tribotester). We recorded friction coefficient during the test, and measured diameter of wear scar on a test ball of bearing steel to calculate wear rate after the test. A combination of bearing steel and phosphor bronze lubricated by the vegetable oils showed low friction coefficient and superior wear durability.

A simple capillary column GC method for analysis of palm oil‐based polyol esters

AbstractA reliable, simultaneous analysis of palm oil polyol esters using capillary column GC is described. The polyol esters were esterified from palm oil methyl esters (POME) and palm kernel oil methyl esters (PKOME) with trimethylolpropane [2‐ethyl‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐propanediol; TMP] to produce the biodegradable base oil for lubricant production. Analysis was performed using a high‐temperature capillary column, SGE HT5 operated at a temperature gradient of 6°C/min starting from 80 to 340°C. Before injection, the sample was derivatized with N,O‐bis (trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide in ethyl acetate at 40°C for at least 10 min. This procedure provides a complete separation of reaction products: TMP, methyl esters, monoesters (ME), diesters (DE), and triesters (TE). As expected, the ME from palm kernel oil was resolved into five major peaks, DE into seven peaks, and TE into 10 peaks. Since no standard was available for this sample, the identities of the peaks were established by a secondary standard that was derived from pure methyl esters. This GC method has made possible the simultaneous determination of reaction product compositions in order to assess the extent of reaction.

Lubricant base fluids based on renewable raw materials: Their catalytic manufacture and modification

Lubricants based on renewable raw materials and their derivatives are drawing increased attraction in various applications. Here, the environmental awareness is the key factor of success. The use of such rapidly biodegradable materials is especially favourable in loss-lubrication and hydraulic systems with increased risk of damage. Environmentally friendly, biodegradable alternatives are available for a large variety of mineral oil based lubricants. The substitution of mineral oil with biodegradable base oils is a primary objective. Vegetable oils are the major source of these base fluids. Compared to conventional mineral oil based fluids most of such substances exhibit lower thermal and oxidation stability and even worse low-temperature behaviour. These physical and chemical properties can be improved by chemical modification. This review covers chemical reactions performed on fatty compounds on both laboratory and industrial scale. Economic processes are presented as well as new reactions with potential market value. Alternative routes to improved rapidly biodegradable base fluids are mentioned too, e.g. breeding successes with high oleic sunflower oil.