Biocompatible Nanocomposites Research Articles

Utilization of Plant based Nanoparticles Emerging in Nano-biomedical Science to Target Drug Deliveries for Breast Cancer Treatment: Existing Work and Future Need

Abstract: Cancer is a major global health concern and a hereditary disease brought on by alterations in the genetic code that controls how cells behave. In the United States and other countries, breast cancer is very common among females. Through the development of innovative biocompatible Nanocomposites for therapy, which demonstrate a highly appropriate manner of nanoparticles, Nanomedicine offers incredible potential to develop cancer treatment and diagnosis. More than 60% of anticancer medications on the market today are derived from natural sources. Historically, plants have been used to treat a wide range of illnesses, including cancer. This work aimed to treat breast cancer with plant-based nanoparticles. The information was gathered from research that has already been published on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. Different nanoparticles have been shown to be effective drug delivery agents to treat breast cancer. These include gold, silver, platinum, iron, zinc oxide, copper nanoparticles, and other metals, such as nickel, manganese, silica, titanium, palladium, cerium, and platinum. It was discovered that all metal preparation nanoparticles have an effective function in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. In conclusion, the characteristics of biomolecules included in plant extracts may be connected to the greenproduced NPs. Because of their high effectiveness, plant based NPs synthesis will be necessary in the future to treat breast cancer.

Efficient photocatalytic removal of plastic additive from simulated wastewater by guar gum-CuMn2O4 nanocomposite

Herein, a biocompatible nanocomposite based on guar gum (GG-CuMn2O4) was successfully synthesized and utilized for the elimination of toxic Allyl 2,4,6 tribromophenyl ether (ATE), a commonly used plastic additive. The research involved the green fabrication of CuMn2O4, which was then integrated into the polymeric matrix of guar gum to form GG-CuMn2O4 nanocomposite. The successful creation of the green-synthesized nanocomposite coated with a polymeric matrix at the nanoscale was confirmed by characterization. PXRD analysis revealed a semi-crystalline structure, while microscopic examinations committed the encapsulation of CuMn2O4 within a sheet-like structure in nanorange (1–100 nm). Incorporating the CuMn2O4 nanocomposite into the GG gel matrix reduced the likelihood of nanocomposite leaching, thereby enhancing material efficiency and biocompatibility. Highest removal of ATE (95 %) was achieved at a concentration of 5 mg L−1 with a catalytic dose of 10 mg, pH 7, and in the presence of Sunlight. The removal of the pollutant followed first-order kinetics, exhibiting Langmuir adsorption. The study examined the release dynamics of ATE from both underwater-expanded packaging materials and electrical wire components over various time intervals, concurrently assessing the degradation characteristics of the leached ATE. LC-MS analysis has corroborated that GG-CuMn2O4 demonstrates a profound capacity in disassembling intricate, hazardous pollutant structures into metabolites of enhanced safety, catalytically driven by Sunlight. The polymeric GG-CuMn2O4 nanocomposite exhibited remarkable reusability for up to ten consecutive cycles and advocated its sustainability efficiency and industrial applications.

Biocompatible nanocomposite for scaffolds in tissue engineering: A breakthrough discovery for regenerative therapy

AbstractBy promoting tissue regeneration, porous nano‐scaffolds offer improved chances for the maintenance, repair, and enhancement of damaged tissues and organ functioning. In this study, the nanosilica extract obtained from the agricultural waste, that is, rice husk after surface modification shows higher hydrophobicity in the hexamethyldisilazane and methyltrimethoxysilane‐modified nanosilica and hydrophilic nature in 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane‐modified nanosilica. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results reveal the functional groups exist in the scaffold and its surface morphology was evaluated by Field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis which shows a cross‐network structure that could impart the proper cell adhesion. The presence of amorphous nanosilica in ultrapure form was confirmed using X‐ray diffraction analysis where a broad peak was obtained in the range of 15°–40°. The crystallization phase of the hybrid scaffold shows 2θ values obtained at 22.6°, 28.7°, and 40.6°. The graph thus obtained confirms that the material used is 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane‐modified silk/silica nanocomposite. The decomposition rates and temperature of the composite were analyzed using the thermogravimetry/differential thermal technique. The antibacterial activity of the hybrid scaffolds and silk and silica shows the metabolic pathways were not disrupted for both Gram‐positive and ‐negative microbes. Cell cytotoxicity analysis proved that the electrospun hybrid scaffold was nontoxic to L929 cells and promoted cell adhesion and growth. The cells were highly proliferated onto the surface layers in a regular systematic pattern thus proving that these scaffolds were suitable for bone regeneration applications. Hence these economically viable scaffolds turn to be biocompatible and are promising as a novel product for cell culture regneration realted to therapy.

Harnessing photocurrent enhancement in silver-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite for ultra-sensitive Hg2+ electrochemical detection

Global health and ecosystem concerns over mercury pollution require stringent monitoring. Herein, we showcase a novel approach for detecting trace Hg2+ ions in water using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Our approach involves modifying glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and screen printed electrode (SPE) surfaces with a nanocomposite of ascorbic acid-capped silver nanoparticles (AsAgNPs) embedded in nanocrystalline bacterial cellulose (AsAgNP-NBC). Analytical techniques confirmed the nanocomposite’s stability and morphological characteristics, exhibiting high accuracy within a linear range of 10 nM to 1 µM Hg2+ and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.531 nM. Additionally, on irradiation with 455 nm light source, AsAgNP-NBC modified SPE displayed a remarkable 9.6 times enhanced photocurrent, achieving an LOD of 3.95 pM, and enhanced photoresponsivity of 55.2 mA W−1, showcasing its potential for ultra-trace level detection. This cost-effective and biocompatible nanocomposite presents a promising alternative to conventional analytical methods for selective detection of trace Hg2+ ions in environmental samples.

Investigating the in-vitro bioactivity, biodegradability and drug release behavior of the newly developed PES/HA/WS biocompatible nanocomposites as bone graft substitute

The nucleation of carbonate-containing apatite on the biomaterials surface is regarded as a significant stage in bone healing process. In this regard, composites contained hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA), wollastonite (CaSiO3, WS) and polyethersulfone (PES) were synthesized via a simple solvent casting technique. The in-vitro bioactivity of the prepared composite films with different weight ratios of HA and WS was studied by placing the samples in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. The results indicated that the the surface of composites containing 2 wt% HA and 4 wt% WS was completely covered by a thick bone-like apatite layer, which was characterized by Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, field emission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The degradation study of the samples showed that the concentration of inorganic particles could not influence the degradability of the polymeric matrix, where all samples expressed similar dexamethasone (DEX) release behavior. Moreover, the in-vitro cytotoxicity results indicated the significant cyto-compatibility of all specimens. Therefore, these findings revealed that the prepared composite films composed of PES, HA, WS and DEX could be regarded as promising bioactive candidates with low degradation rate for bone tissue engineering applications.

Fabrication and Properties of the Montmorillonite/Nanobioglass Hybrid Reinforcement from Agroindustrial Waste for Bone Regeneration.

Nowadays, bone systems have a series of consequences that compromise the quality of life mainly due to wear and decreased bioactivity, generally in elderly people and children. In this context, the combination of montmorillonite (MMT-NPs) in a vitreous system such as nanobioglass facilitates the adsorption of biomolecules on the surface and within the interlamellar spaces, enabling the entry of ions by a cation exchange process focusing on increasing the rate of bone formation. This work aims to synthesize and characterize an eco-friendly hybrid reinforcement containing MMT-NPs with nanobioglass doped with magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs-BV). In this way, MMT-NPs@MgNPs-BV was synthesized by the impregnation method, where an experimental design was used to verify the synthesis conditions. The ideal condition by experimental design was carried out in terms of the characterization and biological activity, where we demonstrated MMT-NPs of 30% w w-1, MgNPs-BV of 6% w w-1, and a calcination temperature of 1273.15 K with a cell viability around 66.87%, an average crystallite diameter of 12.5 nm, and a contact angle of 17.7°. The characterizations confirmed the impregnation method with an average particle size of 51.4 ± 13.1 nm. The mechanical tests showed a hardness of 2.6 GPa with an apparent porosity of 22.2%, similar to human bone. MMT-NPs@MgNPs-BV showed a cell proliferation of around 96% in osteoblastic cells (OFCOL II), with the formation of the apatite phase containing a relation of Ca/P of around 1.63, a biodegradability of 82%, and rapid release of ions with a Ca/P ratio of 1.42. Therefore, the eco-friendly hybrid reinforcement with MMT-NPs and MgNPs-BV shows potential for application with a matrix for biocompatible nanocomposites for bone regeneration.

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals/Gd2O3 nanocomposite as a dual-mode contrast agent for MRI via gamma-ray irradiation

This study developed a biocompatible nanocomposite using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), combined with gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3-NPs) through gamma radiation to decrease the size of nanoparticles and increase their uniformity. This research found that the (CNCs-PEG/NaOH)/Gd2O3 nanocomposite exhibits notable characteristics, including high saturation magnetization (1.44 emu/g), remarkable colloidal stability with a highly negative surface charge of −31.4 mV, and a small hydrodynamic size of 5.5 ± 0.7 nm. Furthermore, the MTT assay conducted on HeLa cell lines revealed the excellent biocompatibility of the (CNCs-PEG/NaOH)/Gd2O3 nanocomposite. No cytotoxic effects were observed, and the nanocomposite exhibited adequate cellular uptake. Moreover, the (CNCs-PEG/NaOH)/Gd2O3 nanocomposite displayed a remarkable enhancement effect on both T1 and T2-weighted images, with high r1 and r2 relaxivity values of 21.694 mM−1 s−1 and 43.799 mM−1 s−1, respectively, resulting in a relaxivity ratio (r2/r1) of 2.02 when compared to clinical and commercial agents. This biocompatible nanocomposite holds promise as a dual contrast agent in MRI and various other biomedical applications. It is envisaged that gamma irradiation is a good method to produce nanoparticles within the nanoscale range.

The green synthesis of biocompatible nanocomposites and its application for the on-target delivery of the anticancer drugs

The green synthesis of biocompatible nanocomposites and its application for the on-target delivery of the anticancer drugs

Synthesis, characterization, and application of a biocompatible gene delivery nanocarrier constructed from gold nanostars and a chitosan–cyclodextrin–poly(ethylene imine) graft polymer

Synthesis of biocompatible nanocomposite with AuNS, CS and bPEI as a universal non-viral gene delivery nanocarrier for targeted delivery of therapeutic RNA and DNA to cells.

Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer-Engineered Anticancer Nanomedicine for Synergistic Chemo/Chemodynamic/Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers (PSs) is a promising therapeutic strategy to achieve better anticancer results. However, eradicating solid tumors completely by PDT alone can be difficult owing to the inherent drawbacks of this treatment, and the combination of PDT with other therapeutic modalities provides opportunities to achieve cooperative enhancement interactions among various treatments. Herein, this work presents the construction of a biocompatible nanocomposite, namely CaO2@DOX@ZIF@ASQ, featuring light-responsive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and tumor-targeting oxygen and hydrogen peroxide discharge, as well as controlled doxorubicin (DOX) and copper ion release, thus allowing the combined PDT/CT/CDT effect by AIE PS-enhanced PDT, DOX-based chemotherapy (CT), and copper-involved Fenton-like reaction-driven chemodynamic therapy (CDT). In vitro and in vivo studies verify that the generation of both ROS and O2 by this nanomedicine, stimulated by light, exhibits superior anticancer efficacy, alleviating tumor hypoxia and achieving synergistic PDT/CT/CDT therapeutic effect. This multifunctional nanomedicine remarkably suppresses the tumor growth with minimized systemic toxicity, providing a new strategy for constructing multimodal PDT/CT/CDT therapeutic systems to overcome hypoxia limitations, and potentially increase the antitumor efficacy at lower doses of PSs and chemotherapeutic drugs, thus minimizing potential toxicity to non-malignant tissues.

Biocompatible Nanocomposites for Postoperative Adhesion: A State-of-the-Art Review.

To reduce and prevent postsurgical adhesions, a variety of scientific approaches have been suggested and applied. This includes the use of advanced therapies like tissue-engineered (TE) biomaterials and scaffolds. Currently, biocompatible antiadhesive constructs play a pivotal role in managing postoperative adhesions and several biopolymer-based products, namely hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), are available on the market in different forms (e.g., sprays, hydrogels). TE polymeric constructs are usually associated with critical limitations like poor biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Hence, biocompatible nanocomposites have emerged as an advanced therapy for postoperative adhesion treatment, with hydrogels and electrospun nanofibers among the most utilized antiadhesive nanocomposites for in vitro and in vivo experiments. Recent studies have revealed that nanocomposites can be engineered to generate smart three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds that can respond to different stimuli, such as pH changes. Additionally, nanocomposites can act as multifunctional materials for the prevention of adhesions and bacterial infections, as well as tissue healing acceleration. Still, more research is needed to reveal the clinical potential of nanocomposite constructs and the possible success of nanocomposite-based products in the biomedical market.

Efficient green light-based photocatalytic removal of bilirubin by a biocompatible nanocomposite of nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots/Au

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots/Au (NGQDs/Au) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by a photochemical route. The gram-scale nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot was synthesized by using hydrothermal method from urea and citric acid as a precursor. By adding HAuCl4 to the prepared sample, the nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots/Au nanocomposite was made in a straightforward photochemical process. The synthesized composite was utilized directly as a biocompatible photocatalyst for bilirubin degradation under green light irradiation.The nanocomposite was characterized using FESEM, Raman, XRD, TEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and PL. The quantum yield of the nanocomposite was calculated. The role of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Au nanoparticles in reduction of the quantum yield and quantum yield effect on the photodegradation process was investigated. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of bilirubin in presence of the synthesized nanocomposite was measured to be nearly 74.7 % after 100 min green light irradiation, which is 5 times more than blue light used in clinical phototherapy without any photocatalyst. The optical analysis results reveal that the doping of nitrogen in GQDs and compositing with gold could accelerate the suppression of charge carrier's recombination. The future application of biocompatible photocatalysts in jaundice treatment under the green light irradiation was also approved in this research.

Biocompatible organic coating fabrication via polymer/clay nanocomposites: Evaluation of mechanical improvements

AbstractThis study focuses on achieving mechanical enhancements in biocompatible organic coatings. A solvent‐based method is employed to produce biocompatible nanocomposites using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and bentonite nanoclays (BNT) as constituents to achieve this objective. Subsequently, the nanocomposites are spin‐coated onto a glass substrate, resulting in smooth and defect‐free films with a thickness of 5 μm. Through instrumented‐indentation testing, it is observed that BNT reinforcement leads to significant improvements in mechanical properties. Specifically, the addition of 0.5, 1, and 5 wt% of BNT in PVP results in enhancements of 105%, 77%, and 430% in elastic modulus, respectively, while hardness is improved by 166%, 211%, and 448%, respectively. The considerable improvements in the composite modulus cannot be adequately explained by assuming perfect adhesion between the constituents of the composite (as suggested by the Halpin–Tsai model) or by considering the contributions from the interface/network of silicate layers (as proposed by the Modified Halpin–Tsai model). Instead, the significant enhancements in hardness and modulus values are primarily attributed to a notable increase in the BNT volume fraction, ranging from 4 to 9 times, occurring under the Berkovich tip due to the aggregated silicate layers. The findings highlight the role of aggregated silicate layers in enhancing both hardness and modulus and contribute to the development of advanced biocompatible coatings with improved mechanical properties.Highlights Enhanced mechanical properties in biocompatible coatings. Biocompatible nanocomposites of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and bentonite nanoclays (BNT). Spin‐coated nanocomposite films on glass: smooth, defect‐free, 5 μm thick. BNT reinforcement boosts elastic modulus and hardness of PVP. Aggregated silicate layers under compression drive substantial mechanical improvements.

Multifunctional Nanoparticles with Superparamagnetic Mn(II) Ferrite and Luminescent Gold Nanoclusters for Multimodal Imaging.

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with fluorescence in the Near Infrared (NIR) by both one- and two-photon electronic excitation were incorporated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) using a novel one-pot synthesis procedure where the condensation polymerization of alkoxysilane monomers in the presence of the AuNCs and a surfactant produced hybrid MSNs of 49 nm diameter. This method was further developed to prepare 30 nm diameter nanocomposite particles with simultaneous NIR fluorescence and superparamagnetic properties, with a core composed of superparamagnetic manganese (II) ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4) coated with a thin silica layer, and a shell of mesoporous silica decorated with AuNCs. The nanocomposite particles feature NIR-photoluminescence with 0.6% quantum yield and large Stokes shift (290 nm), and superparamagnetic response at 300 K, with a saturation magnetization of 13.4 emu g-1. The conjugation of NIR photoluminescence and superparamagnetic properties in the biocompatible nanocomposite has high potential for application in multimodal bioimaging.

Injectable biocompatible nanocomposites of Prussian blue nanoparticles and bacterial cellulose as a safe and effective photothermal cancer therapy

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a novel cancer treatment using a photoabsorber to cause hyperthermia to kill tumors by laser irradiation. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) are considered as next-generation photothermal agents due to the facile synthesis and excellent absorption of near-infrared light. Although PB NPs demonstrate remarkable PTT capabilities, their clinical application is limited due to their systemic toxicity. Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been applied to various bio-applications based on its unique properties and biocompatibility. Herein, we design composites with PB NPs and BC as an injectable, highly biocompatible PTT agent (IBC-PB composites). Injectable bacterial cellulose (IBC) is produced through the trituration of BC, with PB NPs synthesized on the IBC surface to prepare IBC-PB composites. IBC-PB composites show in vitro and in vivo photothermal therapeutic effects similar to those of PB NPs but with significantly greater biocompatibility. Specifically, in vitro therapeutic index of IBC-PB composites is 26.5-fold higher than that of PB NPs. Furthermore, unlike PB NPs, IBC-PB composites exhibit no overt toxicity in mice as assessed by blood biochemical analysis and histological images. Hence, it is worth pursuing further research and development of IBC-PB composites as they hold promise as safe and efficacious PTT agents for clinical application.Graphical

PEGylated magnetic nanographene oxide for targeted delivery of arsenic trioxide and sec-o-glucosylhamaudol in tumor treatment with improved dual-drugs synergistic effect

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a promising chemotherapeutic agent, but its clinical application is limited due to its poor pharmacokinetics and dose-limited toxicity. Moreover, the combination of ATO and sec-o-glucosylhamaudol (SOG) can improve the therapeutic effect of hepatoma. In this study, PEGylated magnetic nanographene oxide (PEG@MGO) was used as magnetic carriers to enhance the targeting ability of the drug delivery system. ATO and SOG are loaded on the surface of PEG@MGO nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions. This biocompatible nanocomposite shows magnetic susceptibility, pH sensitivity, and high loading capacity of the drugs. The in vitro cytotoxicity study of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) cells showed more significant cytotoxicity and obvious synergistic effect between ATO and SOG compared with that of single drug-loaded nanoparticles via MTT assay. In vitro cellular uptake was observed by Prussian blue staining and fluorescently labeling. The results demonstrated a high cellular internalization rate of PEG@MGO. The ATO and SOG co-loaded nanodrug significantly inhibits the growth of tumors in vivo, which might be due to the oxidative stress and proapoptotic effect. This type of multidrug nanocomposite offers a promising alternative for cancer therapy.Graphical A pH-sensitive polyethylene glycol-modified magnetic graphene oxide loaded with ATO and SOG (PEG@MGO@ATO + SOG) was prepared for the magnetically targeted and efficient synergistic-chemo cancer therapy, which exhibited high specificity and good biocompatibility.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using papaya seed extract for the functionalization of nanocellulose membranes

Papaya seeds are a byproduct with virtually no commercial purposes nowadays, although they are a promising renewable source of many types of chemical compounds, with high contents of antioxidants. These chemicals have the potential to act as reducing agents in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles as well as having antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Biosynthesized nanoparticles can be used to improve the commercial use of papaya seeds, mostly by doping nanocellulose membranes with these nanoparticles, allowing the production of sustainable and biocompatible nanocomposites with noteworthy properties. Here, we report the preparation of papaya seed extract in ethanol to use as a reducing agent in the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) since natural extracts are considered a greener, low-cost, and efficient approach. For comparison, AuNPs synthesize with sodium citrate as a reducing agent were utilized as a positive control. Further, the biosynthesized AuNPs were impregnated in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) membranes at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% based on a strategy of biomass valorization. Papaya seeds had a 30% yield in ethanol, and a diverse composition of antioxidant chemicals, such as flavonoids and phytosterols. The AuNPs biosynthesized with papaya seed extract showed a surface plasmon resonance band at 545 nm. Due to the variable content of the ethanolic seed extract, the biosynthesized AuNPs had different morphology than the reference, showing distinct shapes and sizes ranging from 15 to 60 nm. In terms of shelf life, both reference and biosynthesized AuNPs presented better stability at low-temperature storage. Doping of NFC membranes revealed that the biosynthesized AuNPs would have a higher nanoparticle concentration in the biosynthesis and stronger adhesion to the NFC than the reference nanoparticles, especially for a 2.0% doping concentration. Also, they presented a homogeneous distribution across the cellulose nanofibrils with several sites impregnated with AuNPs. The results highlight a potentially simple and green route using Brazilian papaya seeds to synthesize AuNPs and impregnate NFC membranes for noteworthy applications based on the bioeconomy and biorefinery concepts.

Anti-Aging and Lightening Effects of Au-Decorated Zeolite-Based Biocompatible Nanocomposites in Epidermal Delivery Systems.

The main challenges in developing zeolites as cosmetic drug delivery systems are their cytotoxicities and the formation of drug-loading pore structures. In this study, Au-decorated zeolite nanocomposites were synthesized as an epidermal delivery system. Thus, 50 nm-sized Au nanoparticles were successfully deposited on zeolite 13X (super cage (α) and sodalite (β) cage structures) using the Turkevich method. Various cosmetic drugs, such as niacinamide, sulforaphane, and adenosine, were loaded under in vitro and in vivo observations. The Au-decorated zeolite nanocomposites exhibited effective cosmetic drug-loading efficiencies of 3.5 to 22.5 wt% under various conditions. For in vitro cytotoxic observations, B16F10 cells were treated with various cosmetic drugs. Niacinamide, sulforaphane, and adenosine-loaded Au-decorated zeolite nanocomposites exhibited clear cell viability of over 80%. Wrinkle improvement and a reduction in melanin content on the skin surface were observed in vivo. The adenosine delivery system exhibited an enhanced wrinkle improvement of 203% compared to 0.04 wt% of the pure adenosine system. The niacinamide- and sulforaphane-loaded Au-decorated zeolite nanocomposites decreased the skin surface melanin content by 123% and 222%, respectively, compared to 2 and 0.01 wt% of pure niacinamide and sulforaphane systems, respectively. As a result, Au-decorated zeolite nanocomposites show great potential as cosmetic drug epidermal delivery systems for both anti-aging and lightening effects.

Bacterial Cellulose Composites with Polysaccharides Filled with Nanosized Cerium Oxide: Characterization and Cytocompatibility Assessment.

A new biocompatible nanocomposite film material for cell engineering and other biomedical applications has been prepared. It is based on the composition of natural polysaccharides filled with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs). The preparative procedure consists of successive impregnations of pressed bacterial cellulose (BC) with a sodium alginate (ALG) solution containing nanoparticles of citrate-stabilized cerium oxide and a chitosan (CS) solution. The presence of CeONPs in the polysaccharide composite matrix and the interaction of the nanoparticles with the polymer, confirmed by IR spectroscopy, change the network architecture of the composite. This leads to noticeable changes in a number of properties of the material in comparison with those of the matrix's polysaccharide composition, viz., an increase in mechanical stiffness, a decrease in the degree of planar orientation of BC macrochains, an increase in hydrophilicity, and the shift of the processes of thermo-oxidative destruction of the material to a low-temperature region. The latter effect is considered to be caused by the redox activity of cerium oxide (reversible transitions between the states Ce4+ and Ce3+) in thermally stimulated processes in the nanocomposite films. In the equilibrium swollen state, the material retains a mechanical strength at the level of ~2 MPa. The results of in vitro tests (cultivation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells) have demonstrated the good biocompatibility of the BC-ALG(CeONP)-CS film as cell proliferation scaffolds.

Fabrication of nano-biocomposite for the removal of Eriochrome Black T and malachite green from aqueous solution: isotherm and kinetic studies.

The increasing generation of toxic dye wastewater from various enterprises continues to be a serious public health issue and happens to be of environmental concern, posing a significant challenge to existing conventional water treatment facilities. Malachite green (MG) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT) are extremely hazardous and carcinogenic substances; hence it is crucial to remove them from water bodies. A well-known cleaner, more economical, and environmentally friendly treatment method is adsorption. The kind of adsorbent material employed determines how well the treatment procedure works. A physiologically compatible nanocomposite adsorbent (HAP@CT@MNP) was fabricated from laboratory synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAP) and magnetite (MNP) for its application in the wastewater remediation process. The ability of the fabricated nanocomposite to remove the harmful dyes EBT and MG from a simulated wastewater was evaluated. The impact of operational parameters including pH, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature was examined to gauge the maximum adsorption capacity of the developed nanocomposite. The optimum pH for the eradication of EBT and MG were found to be 3 and 7.4, respectively. The maximum capacity evaluated was 222mg/g and 500mg/g at room temperature and at contact time of 50 and 40min respectively. The binding of either EBT or MG followed the monolayer Langmuir model and kinetic studies revealed the suitability of pseudo-second-order model. Studies using spectroscopy and isotherm modeling showed that the main mechanism controlling the adsorption of EBT and MG onto HAP@CT@MNP is physisorption. The efficacy of the adsorbent to be reused with 8% loss in its efficiency reveals the economic viability of HAP@CT@MNP. The current work showed that a biocompatible nanocomposite could be successfully fabricated and used as an enhanced adsorbent for the quick and effective removal of the toxic dyes EBT and MG from wastewater.