Biocompatibility Of Bone Cement Research Articles

Modification and evaluation of diatrizoate sodium containing polymethyl methacrylate bone cement.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is now widely used in percutaneous vertebro plasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). However, studies showed that the radiopacifiers (zirconia, barium sulfate, etc.) added to PMMA will have a negative impact on its use, e.g. barium sulfate will weaken the mechanical properties of bone cement and lead to bone absorption and aseptic loosening. Iodine is an element existing in the human body and has good imaging performance. Iodine contrast agent has been used in clinic for many years and has abundant clinical data. Therefore, using iodine instead of barium sulfate may be a promising choice. In this paper, the effect of different content of diatrizoate sodium (DTA, C11H8I3N2NaO4) on the properties of PMMA was studied and compared with the traditional PMMA bone cement containing 30 wt% barium sulfate. The mechanical properties, setting properties, radiopacity, and biocompatibility of bone cement were evaluated. The compressive strength of PMMA bone cement with 20 wt% DTA can reach 76.38MPa. DTA released from bone cement up to 14 days accounted for only 2.3% of its dosage. The water contact angle was 62.3°. The contrast of bone cement on X-ray film was comparable to that of bone cement containing 30 wt% barium. The hemolysis rate was lower than 4%, and there was no obvious hemolysis. PMMA with 20 wt% DTA can maintain the relative growth rate of MC3T3-E1 and L929 cells above 80%. The results show that adding 20 wt% DTA into PMMA can obtain good radiopacity while maintaining its mechanical properties, setting properties, and biocompatibility. DTA can be used as a promising candidate material for PMMA bone cement radiopacifier.

The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement.

Acrylic bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery for treating various conditions of the bone and joints. Bone cement consists of methyl methacrylate (MMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), functioning as a liquid monomer, solid phase, and polymerization initiator, respectively. However, cell and tissue toxicity caused by bone cement has been a concern. This study aimed to determine the effect of tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) as an initiator on the biocompatibility of bone cement. Rat spine bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on two commercially available PMMA-BPO bone cements and a PMMA-TBB experimental material. After a 24-h incubation, more cells survived on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Cytomorphometry showed that the area of cell spread was greater on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression, and matrix mineralization showed that the osteoblastic differentiation was substantially advanced on the PMMA-TBB. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that polymerization radical production within the PMMA-TBB was 1/15–1/20 of that within the PMMA-BPO. Thus, the use of TBB as an initiator, improved the biocompatibility and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based material.

The biocompatibility of bone cements: progress in methodological approach.

The ideal bone graft substitute should have certain properties and there are many studies dealing with mixture of polymethylmetacrilate (PMMA) and ß-tricalciumphospate (ß-TCP) presenting the best characteristics of both. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), for ultra-structural data, resulted a very reliable in vivo model to better understand the bioactivity of a cement and to properly evaluate its suitability for a particular purpose. The present study aims to further improve the knowledge on osteointegration development, using both parameters obtained with the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and focused histological examination. Two hybrid bone graft substitute were designed among ceramic and polymer-based bone graft substitutes. Based on ß-TCP granules sizes, they were created with theoretical different osteoconductive properties. An acrylic standard cement was chosen as control. Cements were implanted in twelve New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, which were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after cement implantation. Histological samples were prepared with an infiltration process of LR white resin and then specimens were studied by X-rays, histology and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). Comparing the resulting data, it was possible to follow osteointegration’s various developments resulting from different sizes of ß-TCP granules. In this paper, we show that this evaluation process, together with ESEM, provides further important information that allows to follow any osteointegration at every stage of develop.