Biochemical Parameters In Wistar Rats Research Articles

Serum biochemical evaluation of healing of critical-sized long bone defects in rats treated with biphasic hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds

Critical-sized long bone defects are those that would not heal spontaneously despite surgical stabilisation. The use of bioceramic scaffold has shown promising results in the repair of bone defects. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the serum biochemical parameters of Wistar rats treated for critical-sized segmental bone loss using biphasic hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds. The study was conducted in eighty male Wistar rats aged between 8-12 weeks, weighing 200-250 g body weight with critical-sized segmental defects in the femur. A 6 mm segmental mid-diaphyseal femoral defect was created under general anaesthesia. The bone defect was bridged with bioceramic scaffolds and retained in position with microplate and screws. Serum biochemical parameters serum calcium, phosphorous, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated four weeks before surgery, immediately after surgery and 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th week after surgery. The evaluation of both serum calcium and phosphorous were found to be reliable indicators of new bone formation and mineralisation, whereas the evaluation of both serum acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were found to be reliable indicators of bone healing during the treatment of critical-sized long bone defects in rats using biphasic hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds Keywords: Beta-tricalcium phosphate, bioceramic scaffold, hydroxyapatite, serum acid phosphatase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, serum phosphorous

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КРОВИ У КРЫС ЛИНИИ WISTAR ПОСЛЕ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ ФРАГМЕНТОВ СОСУДИСТЫХ ПРОТЕЗОВ

Background. This article deals with the use of biological vascular grafts made from bovine xenopericardium as a plastic material for reconstructive operations on the great vessels, which is one of the most important topics in modern vascular surgery. Aim. To compare changes in blood biochemical parameters in Wistar rats after implantation of fragments of biological and synthetic vascular grafts. Material and methods. The experimental study was performed on male laboratory Wistar rats (n = 50). The animals were divided into two groups: group 1 included 25 animals with implantation of a Dacron vascular graft; group 2 was composed of 25 animals with implantation of a vascular graft made from bovine xenopericardium. Blood samples from the laboratory rats were collected on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 after the operation. Plasma urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were measured. Results. No clinically significant changes in concentrations of low molecular weight metabolites of nitrogen metabolism or liver enzymes activity, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity were observed after implantation of a biological vascular graft from bovine xenopericardium compared to the animals with implanted synthetic vascular graft. Conclusion. The use of a biological vascular graft made from bovine xenopericardium does not cause clinically significant changes in blood biochemical parameters in laboratory rats.

Evaluation of the Effects of Extracts of Laurus nobilis on some Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Rats

Laurus nobilis is one of the most popular species belonging to the lauraceae family and it has been reported to possess many physiological properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal and wound healing effects. In this study, effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Laurus nobilis on some oxidative stress markers and liver function parameters of female Wistar rats were investigated. Five rats were randomly assigned into each of groups 1-4, of which group one (1) served as control and received distilled water. Groups 2-4 were treated with 100mg/kg bw, 200mg/kg bw and 400mg/kg bw of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Laurus nobilis respectively, for a period of 14 days. The results obtained indicated that the superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities as well as, gluthathione reductase and peroxidase activities were not significantly affected. The malondialdehyde level did not change significantly after two weeks of extract administration. The extract caused no significant (P<0.05) alteration in the enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as serum concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin. This study have shown that extract of Laurus nobilis neither altered hepatic function parameters nor promoted toxic stress in the female Wistar rats.

Effect of Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius on Some Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats Orally Exposed to Bonny Light Crude Oil

Purpose: Crude oil is used in folklore medicine to treat various forms of diseases and in most cases in combination with medicinal plants. Studies have reported that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius possess medicinal properties. The present study investigated the effect of different concentration of Bonny light crude oil and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on some biochemical parameters of Wistar rats. The rats were orally exposed to different concentrations of Bonny light crude oil and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract individually and in combination.
 Methodology: After an exposure period of 21days, the results revealed that Bonny light crude oil and the leaf extract at concentrations of 250 and 500mgkg-1b.wt can induce damage to the liver and kidney within 21days of consecutive administration. This is shown in results of histological analysis gotten from the liver and kidney tissues.
 Findings: This study revealed that the induction of the leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and Bonny light crude oil at concentrations of 250 and 500mgkg-1b.wt for 21days may affect the liver and kidney.
 Contributions to theory, policy and practice:Therefore, it is recommended that the use of this leaf extract and Bonny light crude oil at concentrations similar to the ones used in this study should be discontinued.

Sex features of the circadian rhythmicity of some biochemical parameters in wistar rats under constant lighting and chronic alcohol intoxication

BACKGROUND: Biological systems of all levels of organization are characterized by the rhythm of functioning processes, which are one of the fundamental properties of living matter. The complex of circadian rhythms of mammals, being genetically determined, is quite plastically modulated by the action of periodic factors of the external and internal environment. Significant factors in the disorganization of biorhythms in the modern world include a violation of the light-dark regime, so-called light pollution. Alcohol abuse remains one of the most important medical and social problems of modern society. One of the important effects of alcohol is its destructive effect on the circadian rhythms of many physiological processes.
 AIM: The aim of the research was to study the influence of constant lighting, chronic alcohol intoxication and joint effect of these factors on the diurnal dynamics of several biochemical parameters in Wistar rats of both sexes.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 200 and 160 female outbred Wistar rats at the age of 6 months, weighing 350 15 g. Rats were divided into 8 groups. 1st group (control ♂) is kept at fixed light regime (light/dark 10:14 hours with lights on at 8:00 and off at 18:00). 2nd group, males (n = 50) is kept under the same conditions as the control, but receives a 15 % aqueous solution of ethanol ad libitum as a drink instead of water, i.e. is subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication. Group 3, males (n = 50) are kept under constant light. The 4th group, males (n = 50) are also kept under constant illumination and receive 15 % aqueous ethanol solution ad libitum as a drink. Group 5 (control ♀) females (n = 40), are kept at a fixed light regime (light/dark 10:14 am with lights on at 8:00 and off at 18:00). The 6th group, females (n = 40) are kept under the same conditions as the control, but receive 15 % aqueous ethanol solution ad libitum instead of water as a drink, i.e. subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication. Group 7, females (n = 40) are kept under constant light. The 8th group, females (n = 40) are also kept under constant light and receive 15 % aqueous ethanol solution ad libitum as a drink. In the blood samples taken at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00 and 3:00 hours the content of AST, ALT, glucose, total protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin was measured. The reliability of circadian rhythmicity of studied parameters was assessed with use of cosinor analysis.
 RESULTS: It is established that the chronic alcohol intoxication, constant illumination and joint action of this factors lead to similar changes in biochemical parameters in rats of both sexes, but in female rats the level of AST, total and direct bilirubin changes as a result of three weeks of intoxication, which is not observed in males. In turn, both individual and joint effects of chronic alcohol intoxication and dark deprivation lead to significant changes in rhythmostasis in rats, however, circadian rhythms of total protein, as well as both types of bilirubin, are more resistant to dark deprivation in females than in males.
 CONCLUSIONS: The conducted study testifies that a three-week chronic alcohol intoxication causes more significant changes in the biochemical profile in female rats compared to males. At the same time, the studied circadian rhythms of the biochemical parameters of the organism of females turn out to be more resistant to dark deprivation than those of males, being destroyed only under the combined action of chronic alcohol intoxication and constant illumination.

Effect of virgin olive and Pistacia Lentiscus oils fortified with tomato lycopene on biochemical parameters in Wistar rats

Background: Pistacia lentiscus oil (PLO) and virgin olive oil (VOO) contain a large variety of phytochemicals providing beneficial effects. Lycopene is the main carotenoid with antioxidant properties. The consumption of lycopene containing foods may fight against cardiovascular diseases. Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of fortified oils (VOO and PLO) with lycopene on some biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. Material and Methods: The experimentation included 50 male Wistar rats from the Algerian Pasteur Institute for the duration of 9 weeks of treatment. Rats were divided into five experimental groups (n=10) and fed a different experimental diet each for 9 weeks: control group (C), Pistacia lentiscus oil group (PLO), lycopene-enriched Pistacia lentiscus oil group (PLO-Lyc), virgin olive oil group (VOO) and lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil (VOO-Lyc). Total Cholesterol (TC) concentration was determined by the enzymatic method CHOD-PAP, High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) with Biotrol diagnostic, the levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were calculated using the Friedewald formula (LDL-C=TC−HDL-C−TGs/5). Triglycerides (TG) were determined by the enzymatic method PAP-1000 and Serum phospholipids (PL) were determined by an enzymatic colorimetric method. The plasma atherogenic index (PAI) was calculated as (TC/HDL-C). Results: Results showed that ingestion of PLO and VOO diminished TC, LDL-C, TG, and PL levels, whereas the HDL-C levels raised in all the groups assayed. Moreover, the lowest level of plasma atherogenic index (PAI) was shown in the VOO-Lyc group after 3, 6, and 9 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: The enrichment of PLO and VOO with lycopene improved the beneficial effects derived from the consumption of both oils on serum biochemical parameters. These findings suggest that lycopene enriched PLO and VOO may be used as a natural product to defend against some cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic acquired disorders. Keywords: lycopene, Pistacia lentiscus oil, virgin olive oil, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides.

Toxicity Studies on Aqueous Stem Bark of Khaya senegalensis Extract of Kidneys and Its Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

Introduction: Khaya senegalensis is a genus of seven species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mahogany in English, Aganwo in Yoruba, Madachi in Hausa and Ono in Igbo. All species become big trees 30–35m tall, rarely 45m, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet absent; each leaflet is 10–15 cm long abruptly rounded toward the apex but often with an acuminate tip.
 Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the Toxic effect of prolonged oral administration of the aqueous stem bark of Khaya senegalensis extract on the histology of Kidneys and its biochemical parameters in wistar rats.
 Methods: This work is an experimental research. A total of 20 wistar rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups each of which consist of 4 rats. Group 1 received distilled water to serve as control while group 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 500 mg/kg bw, 1000 mg/kg bw 2000 mg/kg bw and 4000 mg/kg bw of the aqueous extract respectively for 60 days after which they were sacrificed, processed in Automatic Tissue Processor machine, Sectioned and stained with H &E.
 Results: There was statistical significant increase in urea and potassium in all the test groups but is not dose dependent. The creatinine was significantly increased in groups 2, 4 and 5. While other parameters such as sodium, chloride and bicarbonate no significant difference when compared to the control group. The kidney sections showed normal structure in group 1 when compared with the test groups. However, there was significant infiltration of inflammatory cell across all the groups which were suggestive of kidney damage or injury. Similarly phenomenon was noticed in group 5 with additional congestion in the glomerulus and more polymorphs seen.
 Conclusion: The LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg bw, therefore, 400 mg/kgbw was used as higher dose in the experimental wistar rats. There were statistical significant increases in some parameters groups while some groups not significant. The kidney section showed significant infiltration of polymorphs across all the groups more marked in group 5 with distension and damaging of the glomerulus indicating renal injury.

Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Rats Induced by Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pneumonia Patients

The effect and extent of changes in some biochemical parameters associated with pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in serum samples of Wistar rats. 0ne thousand five serum samples were collected randomly. The serum samples were tested for sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and chloride by colorimetric methods. The concentrations of sodium ranged from 133.6±4.615 to 143.8±6.906, potassium values ranged from 5.78±1.26 to 8.02±0.779, urea gave a range of 10.143±0.69 to 14.444±2.404, chloride values ranged from 94.8±2.683 to 104.142±8.49, while creatinine values ranged from 0.489±0.033 to 1.7±2.404. The results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus has a significant effect on the electrolyte balance causing hyperkalemia and hyponatremia when compared to normal blood value. It had a remarkable effect on creatinine level with only slight effect on urea. There is need to monitor the electrolyte levels in Staphylococcus aureus infection since alteration in the electrolyte levels could be harmful to health.

Aqueous Extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe Rhizomes Sold in Ouagadougou Markets: Phytochemical Constituents, Effect on Arterial Pressure and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Rats

The aim of this study was to exhibit cardiovascular effects of aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale rhizome sold in Ouagadougou markets (Burkina Faso). Phytochemical constituents and some blood biochemical parameters were also investigated. Colorimetric method was used for phytochemical screening. Extract was prepared and orally administered on Wistar rats. Arterial pressure and cardiac rhythm were measured using Ugo Basile Blood Pressure Recorder 58500. Biochemical parameters were performed using Mindray BA-88A, Semi-auto Chemistry Analyzer. Triterpenes and/or sterols, and saponosides were present in aqueous extract of the plant. We also found very significative hypotension effect on rat mean arterial pressure, when plant extract was administered at 400 mg/kg bw (p ˂ 0.01). When extract was administered after a hypertension induced by L-NAME, we observed a high significative antihypertensive effect (p ˂ 0.001) at 200 and 400 mg/kg bw. This effect was comparable to captopril inhibition of L-NAME induced hypertension. However, in all cases, we did not observe any significative variation of heart rate. For biochemical parameters, we did not find any effect, excepted a significant increase of phosphoremia at 400 mg/kg bw and after L-NAME administration (highly significant). Our results confirm literature data and corroborate traditional uses of Z. officinale sold in Ouagadougou markets. They suggest that antihypertensive effect of AEZO is mainly supported by vascular physiology components.

Evaluation of the biocompatibility and growth inhibition of bacterial biofilms by ZnO, Fe3O4 and ZnO@Fe3O4 photocatalytic magnetic materials

Magnetic nanostructured materials have found numerous biomedical applications. However, the influence of a magnetic field on the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms has been poorly explored. Zinc and Iron nano-structured oxides have been widely used due to their biocompatibility and their excellent optoelectronic and magnetic properties. Nevertheless, little effort has been devoted to demonstrate their antibacterial activity at doses that are not harmful to mammalians. In this work, ZnO, Fe3O4 (MNPs) and ZnO@Fe3O4 (NCs) were synthesized and fully characterized. The materials exhibit good antibacterial activity to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) both, as planktonic cells and as biofilms structures at low doses. The photocatalytic activity of the materials (NCs) was demonstrated when radiated suspensions of NCs and microorganisms (MOs) exhibited higher inhibition growth of MOs in comparison to non-radiated assays. The materials show better antibacterial activity for biofilm growth inhibition in comparison to commercially available antibiotics. Magnetic antimicrobial films were fabricated by in situ deposition of MNPs in Arabic gum (AG) solution. The films exert enhanced antibacterial activity against S. aureus growth due to Fe3+lixiviation and magnetic disruption. Regarding the biocompatibility of the materials, ZnO modifies significantly biochemical parameters in Wistar rats after acute administration. Our results show that the composite ZnO@Fe3O4 at low doses: (a) exerts an optimum inhibition on the biofilm formation of microorganisms due to its synergetic activity of lixiviation of ions and oxidative activity; (b) good biocompatibility of the composite with living cells. These properties suit ZnO@Fe3O4 as potential candidates for the development of new anti-biofilm formulation.

Toxicity Studies of Aqueous-Methanol Extract of Dennettia tripetala (Pepper fruit) Fresh Ripe Fruits in Experimental Rats

Traditional medicine still remains the main recourse for a large majority of people for treating health problems in African. Therefore, the aim of this work is to assess the toxicological effect of the fresh ripe fruits using two solvents for extraction. The toxicological evaluation of aqueous-methanol extract of Dennettia tripetala fresh ripe fruits at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 14 days on some biochemical parameters in wistar rats was investigated. The extract at all the doses tested show non-significant (p > 0.05) increase from the control in ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, albumin, direct bilirubin, creatinine, Na+ and K+, while the level of total bilirubin and urea show significant (p < 0.05) increase from the control at 400mg/kg body weight. The levels of SOD, GPx, GST, and GSH in the serum were significantly (p < 0.05) decrease in the treated rats at 200 and 400mg/kg body weight, whereas the level of MDA and CAT showed non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in all the animals. The results of this finding indicated that the aqueous-methanol extract may not have serious effect on the liver and the kidney at 100 mg/kg b.d., but may be toxic at high doses as observed in the acute toxicity, sub-acute results and antioxidant parameters where it shows a dose-specific effects.

Effect of Acute Doses of Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles on Some Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Rats

Effect of Acute Doses of Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles on Some Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Rats

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Senna occidentalis Leaves on Haematological and Liver Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of Senna occindentalis leaves on some biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. Twenty albino rats equally divided into four experimental groups were used. One group served as control and received the carrier solvent treatment. Three test groups were treated with S. occidentalis extract at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed and blood collected for biochemical and haematological evaluation. Liver-body weight ratio was computed and liver histoarchitecture was investigated. The results showed that all haematological parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected except the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume. There were also significant (P<0.05) alterations in the activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin in the serum. No significant (P>0.05) alterations were observed in the computed liver-body weight ratio but marked alterations in histoarchitecture of the liver cells were present. These alterations in the haematological parameters, liver function enzymes and histological evaluation suggest a selective toxicity of the extract on the animals.

Assessment of Sub-chronic Effect of Two Artificial Food Additives on Selected Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

Assessment of Sub-chronic Effect of Two Artificial Food Additives on Selected Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

English

Moringa oleifera is a commonly cultivated plant in the world. It has a high economic impact owing to its medicinal and nutritional values. Leaves of M. oleifera also contain various constituents that are useful for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study is (i) to perform phytochemical screening, and to check antiradical and antihyperglycaemic activities of M. oleifera aqueous leaves extract (ii) to control the impact of this aqueous extract on the liver parameters of wistar rats. The analysis was carried out on a few large families of bioactive molecules such as triterpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanes, leucoanthocyanes, reducing sugar, mucilage and cyanogenic. With a concentration of 2.47 ± 0.26 mmol EAA/mg, the plant has a good antioxidant activity. Antihyperglycemic capacity was evaluated by using oral glucose tolerance test. The α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to show antiradical activity. The impact of aqueous leaves extract of M. oleifera on some biochemical parameters of Wistar rats (150 to 200 g) was shown. The contents of total phenolic, flavonoids and condensed tannins were respectively 46.242±2.44 (mmolEAA/mg of extract); 10.80±0.64 (mg Eq of rutine/mg of extract); 2.85±1.018 (mg Eq of catechine/mg of extract). The results of the acute oral toxicity test showed that the dose of 2000 mg/kg was non-toxic to the rats. The haematological and blood parameters did not change after administration of the plant aqueous extract. Glycemia reduction was observed with the dose of 500 mg/kg. The important results obtained in this study explain the abundant use of this plant by the populations in the treatment of diabetes. However, it would be necessary to confirm the non-toxicity of the plant by histological studies of the liver and kidneys. Key words: Moringa oleifera, aqueous leaves extract, antihyperglycemic activity, acute oral toxicity, in vivo.

Haematological changes and wound healing effects of sildenafil citrate in diabetic albino rats

This study presents baseline data on the effect of sildenafil citrate on some of the haematological and biochemical parameters in wistar rats with diabetes and wound formation. Forty two albino rats weighing between 139 and 225 g were separated at random into seven groups (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) of six rats per group. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in groups A, B, C and D by a single intra-peritoneal injection of 130 mg/kg Alloxan. Rats in group A were treated with orally dose of 50 mg/kg sildenafil citrate for 21 days and rats in group B were administered 10 IU of insulin intramuscularly once and sildenafil citrate as in Group A. The rats in group C were treated with a single dose of 10 IU of insulin intramuscularly, and rats in group D with only distilled water. Groups E and F were normal rats with wounds similar to those of diabetic rats in the previous groups and each rat in group E was also treated with sildenafil citrate as in Group A and those in group F were treated with only distilled water. Group G were normal rats without wound treated with sildenafil citrate as in Group A. Blood samples were taken before (day 0) and after the administration of the sildenafil citrate on day 7, 14 and 21. The results of the study showed significant decreased in red blood cells count from 6.28 ± 0.46 × 106 to 2.81 ± 0.46 × 106 in diabetic rats during the 14 days of treatment with sildenafil citrate, however, there was an indication that continues treatment for up to 21 days reduced the blood glucose and increased the red blood cells count and this may be an indication that sildenafil citrate improves insulin mediated glucose pathways.Keywords: Diabetes, Haematological parameters, Rats, Red blood cells, Sildenafil citrate

Histopathological effect of co-administration of efavirenz and vitamin E on the liver, and biochemical parameters in wistar rats

Background: Efavirenz is a drug used in combination as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Aims and Objectives: To investigate the effects of Efavirenz and vitamin E on the histopathology and biochemical parameters in the liver of Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: Twenty five Wistar rats were divided into fi ve groups. Group A were administered with 1 ml of distil water; group B animals were administered with 8.57 mg/kg Efavirenz, group C were administered with 17.14 mg/kg Efavirenz; group D were administered with 8.57 mg/kg, Efavirenz and 14.82 mg/kg Vitamin E, and group E were administered with 14.82 mg/kg Vitamin E for 32 days. On day 33, the rats were sacrificed using chloroform inhalation method. The liver were excised, routinely processed, stained using haematoxylin and eosin method, and viewed in DPX medium under light microscope. Blood samples from the rats were collected and then centrifuged after 30 minutes to obtain the serum for analysis of aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB).Results: The liver of Wistar rats administered with Efavirenz, showed distortions with various degree of vacoulations, dilatation of sinusoidal spaces and nuclei pyknoctic changes. In the group where Efavirenz was combined with vitamin E this changes were ameliorated. This also agreed with the biochemical changes which showed significant levels of increase in AST and ALT in Efavirenz groups, this changes were also ameliorated in the group that Efavirenz was combined with vitamin E.Conclusion: Efavirenz administration can damage the liver, vitamin E can ameliorate this effect, therefore Vitamin E should be prescribed for patients on Efavirenz administration.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 81-86

Effects of honey HMF on enzyme activities and serum biochemical parameters of Wistar rats.

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a by-product of thermal degradation of glucose and fructose. In this study, the effects of high HMF content of honey on biochemical parameters of rats were investigated. Experiments were conducted with 40 Wistar albino male rats, each weighing 250-350g and covered a period of 5weeks. The animals were divided into five groups. The first group was served as control group. HMF was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 200mg/kg rat b.w. to the animals in group 2. Group 3 was fed with honey that contains 10mg HMF/kg honey. In group 4 and 5, there were honeys that contain significantly high HMF content due to long storage period (181mg HMF/kg honey) and heat process (140mg HMF/kg honey). At the end of the feeding process, biochemical blood parameters of rats were investigated. It was observed that there were no differences among the glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, Na, GGT, and ALP parameters of the groups. On the other hand, significant differences were observed among the cholesterol, LDL, BUN, creatinine, Ca, P, Mg, K, Cl, total bilirubin, LDH, CPK, AST, ALT, total protein, and pseudocholinesterase values of the rats. The highest adverse effects were obtained from group HMF, and it was followed by groups SH (stored honey) and HH (heated honey). It can be concluded that high HMF content of honey may affect the human health adversely; thus, HMF in honey must be controlled by beekeepers.

The Impact of Carrot Enriched in Iodine through Soil Fertilization on Iodine Concentration and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats.

Iodine is one of the trace elements which are essential for mammalian life. The major objective of iodine biofortification of plants is to obtain food rich in this trace element, which may increase its consumption by various populations. Additionally, it may reduce the risk of iodine deficiency diseases. In this research for the first time we have assessed the bioavailability of iodine from raw or cooked carrot biofortified with this trace element on iodine concentration in selected tissues and various biochemical parameters as well as mRNA expression of some genes involved in iodine metabolism in Wistar rats. Statistically, a significantly higher iodine level was determined in urine, faeces and selected tissues of rats fed a diet containing biofortified raw carrot as compared to a diet without iodine and a diet containing control cooked carrot. Biofortified raw carrot significantly increased triiodothyronine concentration as compared to animals from other experimental groups. The highest thyroid stimulating hormone level was determined in rats fed control cooked carrots. mRNA expression of selected genes was affected by different dietary treatment in rats’ hearts. Biofortified raw and cooked carrot could be taken into account as a potential source of iodine in daily diets to prevent iodine deficiency in various populations.

Exposition to tannery wastewater did not alter behavioral and biochemical parameters in Wistar rats

There are scarce data on the neurotoxicity in mammalian induced by tannery wastewaters. Previously, the anxiogenic effect of tannery wastewater was demonstrated in mice, while wastewater submitted to photoelectrooxidation (PEO) process treatment did not affect the anxiety state. Considering that species may response differently to xenobiotics, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of exposure to tannery wastewaters (non-PEO or PEO-treated) on behavioral and neurochemical markers in another species of laboratory animals, specifically Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were given free access to water bottles containing non-PEO or PEO-treated tannery wastewaters (0.1, 1 and 5% in drinking water). During the exposure, behavioral tests of anxiety (elevated plus-maze, neophobia, open field and light–dark box), depression (forced swimming) and memory (inhibitory avoidance, novel object and discriminative avoidance) were performed. On the 30th day, brain structures were dissected out to evaluate cellular oxidative state (hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum) and acetylcholinesterase activity (hippocampus and striatum). Exposure to tannery effluent with or without photoelectrochemical treatment did not alter any behavioral and neurochemical parameters evaluated. Our data indicate that Wistar rats may not be an adequate species for ecotoxicological studies involving tannery effluents and that POE treatment did not generate other toxic compounds.