Biochemical Parameters In Diabetic Rats Research Articles

Luteolin attenuates diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of metalloenzymes in rats

Objective: To investigate the renoprotective effects of luteolin on diabetes in rats. Methods: One week after administration of streptozotocin 55 mg/kg intraperitoneally, rats were given 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day of luteolin orally for another eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weight, blood glucose level, biochemical parameters for renal function (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, serum albumin, and total protein), kidney histology, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC-2) expression, and malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and hydroxyproline content in renal tissue were evaluated. High glucose- induced damage using NRK-52E cell line was studied to evaluate cell viability and metalloenzyme expression. Additionally, in silico studies including docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted. Results: MMP-2, MMP-9, and HDAC-2 expressions were significantly increased in high glucose-induced NRK-52E cells and the renal tissue of diabetic rats. However, these changes were reversed by luteolin at the administered doses. Additionally, luteolin significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as improved biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Furthermore, luteolin at the examined doses markedly alleviated diabetes-induced histopathological changes in renal tissues. Conclusions: Luteolin effectively attenuates streptozotocin- induced diabetic nephropathy in rats by inhibiting MMP-2, MMP- 9, and HDAC-2 expression, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Hexokinase Activator Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Endothelial Dysfunction in HFF-STZ-Induced Diabetic Rat

Hexokinase is an enzyme involved in the glucose metabolism pathway. Magnesium is an inherent cofactor of the Hexokinase enzyme. The plethora of literature suggested that hexokinase level was decreased in diabetic rats. Sodium metavanadate shows insulin-mimetic action. We designed this work to determine the effect of magnesium on diabetes and associated vascular complications in rats. Type-2 diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin.. Diabetic rats were divided into groups, i.e. normal, diabetic, magnesium sulfate, sodium metavanadate, a combination of glibenclamide and metformin, a variety of sodium metavanadate with glibenclamide and metformin, and a combination of magnesium sulfate with glibenclamide and metformin. Magnesium sulfate was used as a hexokinase activator. Blood glucose levels were measured before initiation, between, and after 4 weeks of treatment. Biochemical and tissue parameters were estimated for additional confirmation. A vascular study took the contractile response of hydrogen peroxide in rat thoracic aortas of different groups. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed by two-tailed one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett test. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Treatment with magnesium sulfate and sodium metavanadate (S.M.V.) alone and in combination significantly (p<0.05) modified the elevated blood glucose and various altered biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Treatment showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) n elevated contractile responses of hydrogen peroxide in thoracic aortas of diabetic rats Vs Normal Control). Hexokinase activation by magnesium and sodium metavanadate significantly reduced (** p < 0.01) diabetes as well as vascular complications.

The Effect of Wet Cupping (Al-hijamah) and Limonene on Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats

Background: According to the international diabetes federation, 629 million adults will suffer from diabetes by 2045. Wet cupping therapy is a combination of bleeding and dry cupping and has been used in traditional medicine as a complementary therapy for diabetes. Limonene was shown to have both antioxidant and antidiabetic activity but its potential alongside other treatments has not been thoroughly explored. Objectives: Although wet-cupping therapy is widely used under different conditions, its potential in the treatment of diabetes is not well-examined. Methods: Male Wistar rats were then injected with alloxan and nicotinamide to induce diabetes. After cupping, the rats’ serum nitric oxide, creatinine, SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, GPX, urea, and HDL levels were determined. The glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and protein level of the serum, renal, and liver were then measured. Results: The results showed a significant differences in serum glucose levels among the diabetic rats receiving wet cupping and limonene, in serum glutathione levels in diabetic rats receiving limonene or limonene and wet cupping compared to the diabetic rats, in liver GSH levels in control rats receiving limonene and wet cupping, in the liver GPX activity in control rats receiving limonene, and in liver catalase activity in control rats receiving limonene and wet cupping compared to control group. There was no significant change in serum NO, protein, creatinine, SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol, triglyceride MDA, urea, catalase, HDL, renal GSH, MDA, catalase, liver protein, and MDA Level. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggested that a combination of limonene and wet cupping therapy could be presented as an agent to lower elevated blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the findings.

Effect of resistance training and garlic extract on insulin sensitivity/resistance and biochemical parameters in diabetic rats

Diabetes is one of the most important endocrine diseases in the world and obesity is one of the risk factors for this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a resistance exercise and garlic extract on insulin sensitivity/resistance and signal pathway of white adipose tissue to brown factors in diabetic rats. A total of 48 male Wistar rats weighing 180 to 250 g were divided into six groups (n=8): healthy control (C), diabetic control (D), diabetic with garlic extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) (D+50), diabetic with garlic extract dose of 200 mg/kg bw (D+200), diabetic resistance training (D+Ex), and diabetic resistance training with garlic extract dose of 200 mg/kg bw (D+Ex+200). Plasma irisin levels in the D+200 and D+Ex groups, as well as the D+Ex+200 group showed a significant increase compared to the D group (P<0.001), while in the D+50 group no significant change was observed. Compared with group D, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α gene was significantly increased in groups D+200 and D+Ex, as well as group D+Ex+200 (P<0.001). It can be said that resistance exercise with garlic extract is effective in controlling diabetes and reducing its complications. It also increases the expression of PGC-1α and uncoupling protein 1 genes in white adipose tissue and therefore has a positive effect on beta cell function by irisin.

Effect of Using Sweetness Products Fortified by Stevia Plant and other Materials on some Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats

Effect of Using Sweetness Products Fortified by Stevia Plant and other Materials on some Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats

Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) seed extract and its effect on lipid profile, and hepatic and renal biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) lyophilized extract on various biomarkers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
 Methods: Adult male rats (36) were divided into 6 groups, viz, normal control (NC), diabetes control (DC), and treatment groups. Experimental diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. Blood samples were taken from the tail veins daily for 25 days. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of rats were determined. The rats were sacrificed and blood, kidney and liver were taken for biochemical analysis.
 Results: Blood glucose decreased in DC groups compared to NC group (p ≤ 0.05). In diabetic extract groups, glycated Hb decreased compared to DC group (p ≤ 0.05). Alpha glucosidase activity was reduced in all treatment groups compared to DC group (p ≤ 0.05). Only triglyceride levels of diabetes extract (400 mg/mL) group decreased compared to DC (p ≤ 0.05). Total cholesterol levels fell compared to NC and DC groups (p ≤ 0.05). Low density lipoprotein was lower compared to NC (p ≤ 0.05), while aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels rose in diabetic extract groups compared to NC, but fell in some diabetic extract groups compared to DC group (p ≤ 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase decreased in all diabetic extract groups compared to NC and DC (p ≤ 0.05). Serum urea and creatinine levels were higher in diabetic extract groups compared to NC, but decreased in DC group (p ≤ 0.05).
 Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that Vicia ervilia lyophilized extract haas positive effects on blood glucose and biochemical parameters in diabetic rats compared to DC of V. ervilia seed extract.

Urinary Metabolomics and Biochemical Analysis of Antihyperglycemic Effect of Ficus deltoidea Jack Varieties in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Patients are turning into herbs for the management of diabetes, which cause increasing in the demand of plant-based alternative medicines. Ficus deltoidea or locally known as "Mas Cotek" in Malaysia is a famous herbal plant. However, many varieties of F. deltoidea existed with varied antidiabetic activities inspire us to evaluate in vivo antidiabetic activity of the most available varieties of F. deltoidea. Therefore, antihyperglycemic effect of different varieties of F. deltoidea at dose 250mg/kg was evaluated on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats and further assessed their urinary metabolites using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The hyperglycemic blood level improved towards normoglycemic state after 30days of treatment with standardized extracts of F. deltoidea var. trengganuensis, var. kunstleri, and var. intermedia. The extracts also significantly managed the biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Metabolomics results showed these varieties were able to manage the altered metabolites of diabetic rats by shifting some of the metabolites back to their normal state. This knowledge might be very important in suggesting the use of these herbs in long-term treatment for diabetes. The most potential variety can be recommended, which may be useful for further pharmacological studies and herbal authentication processes.

Antidiabetic and Modulatory Effect of Ethanol Extract of Neem Leaf on Some Essential Biochemical Parameters of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

The study was conducted to investigate the modulatory activity of ethanol extract of neem leaf on the essential biochemical parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The 24-hour acute toxicity test of the orally administered ethanol extract was determined using Finney’s method. Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg/kgbw of streptozotocin (STZ). Blood was collected after 28 days of treatment and used for biochemical analysis. Biochemical analysis was done using standard biochemical methods. The acute toxicity study of the ethanol extract reveal that the median lethal dose was 5.0 g/kg body weight. The anti-diabetic study carried out for a period of 28 days showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels of the animals treated with ethanol extract compared with the diabetic untreated rats. The urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in the diabetic untreated rats compared with the groups treated with the ethanol extract of neem leaf. The serum alpha-amylase activity of the treatment groups decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared with the diabetic untreated group. The diabetic untreated rats showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in their insulin level compared with the insulin levels of animals treated with the ethanol extract of neem leaf. The ethanol extract of neem leaf is efficacious in lowering blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic rats by regenerating the beta cells integrity which was seen from the increase in the insulin level of the extract treated rats. It modulates the essential biochemical parameters of diabetic rats favourably towards recovery and improved health.

Syringic acid improves oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective: To determine the effects of syringic acid on hepatic damage in diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were given syringic acid at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Syringic acid effects on the liver were evaluated by examination of plasma biochemical parameters, and pathological study. In addition, biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status of liver tissues were assessed. Real time-PCR was performed to investigate the mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis indices in different groups.Results: Syringic acid significantly attenuated the increase in most of plasma biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Moreover, syringic acid treatment increased the catalase activity while it reduced the superoxide dismutase activity and hepatic malondialdehyde level in diabetic rats. There was no difference between the glutathione content of the treated and untreated groups. These findings were supported by alleviation of histopathological damages in the syringic acid-treated groups compared to the untreated diabetic group. Syringic acid also significantly up-regulated the hepatic mRNA expression of PGC-1a, NRF-1, and NRF-2 and increased the mtDNA/nDNA ratio in diabetic rats. Conclusions: Syringic acid can be considered as a suitable candidate against hepatic complications since it can reduce oxidative damages in diabetic cases. Furthermore, it has the potential of targeting hepatic mitochondria in diabetes.

Effect of Doum Fruit (Hyphaene Thebaica) Extract on Some Biochemical Parameters, Enzyme Activities and Histopathological Changes of Pancreas in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of some diseases like diabetes. One of them is doum fruit extract. The study was conducted to evaluate effect of doum fruit extract on some biochemical parameters, including enzyme activities and histopathological changes of pancreas in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Animals were allocated into five groups of rats, two groups, several as control (one normal and one diabetic rats) and the other three groups were induced diabetic with doum extract (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg b·wt) which were given every other day by stomach tube for 6 weeks. Evaluation was made for glucose, insulin, lipid profile, enzyme activities, antioxidant activity and histopathological changes of pancreas. The results showed that doum fruit extract decreased blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total lipid (TL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lactate dyhadreygenase (LDH), alanine and aspartate amino transferase (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) while plasma catalase activity and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly (p 0.05) increased. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that the active compounds present in the doum extract have a positive effect on the biochemical parameters of diabetic rats.

English

The aim of this work was to formulate and evaluate the herbal tablets of Allium cepa L. for in vitro tablet properties, hypoglycemic effects and for their effects on some biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Aqueous extract of A. cepa L. was obtained by cold maceration and freeze dried. A. cepa L. extract compatibility with some tablet excipients was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A. cepa L. tablets consisted of the extract, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Primogel®, Ac-Di-Sol®, Avicel® PH102, anhydrous lactose, talc and stearic acid. Tablets were prepared according to standard physical properties using wet granulation method. The tablets were evaluated for antidiabetic properties and for their effects on some biochemical parameters in alloxan induced diabetic rats with glibenclamide and distilled water as positive and negative controls respectively. The extract-excipient compatibility test indicated compatibility of the extract with gelatin, PVP, CMC, Primogel®, Ac-Di-Sol®, Avicel® PH102, and anhydrous lactose. The prepared tablets maintained adequate mechanical integrity and dissolution profiles after storage for six months. There was significant reduction in blood glucose level upon daily administration of the tablets compared to the negative control (p = 0.05). Maximum reduction of blood glucose levels ranging from 20 to 70% were achieved within 21 days of daily administration of the tablets. The plasma levels of liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly reduced together with total cholesterol and triglycerides. There were also reduced activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and malondialdehyde. Key words: Allium cepa, hypoglycemic effects, biochemical parameters, alloxan, wet granulation.

Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Eugenia florida DC. (Myrtaceae) leaves

Some literature studies have shown the popular use of species of Eugenia sp. leaves as an antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypotensive and antipyretic. However, the species E. florida DC. shows few studies in this field of knowledge. In this way, it becomes a choice for further research. Several chemical compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins, have previously been identified in the species and may be related to biological activity. The aim of present work was done to identify the chemical compounds present in the hydroethanolic extract of Eugenia florida DC. leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, as well as to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Initially, the data collection, specimen deposition of leaves of E. florida DC. and the preparation of the hydroethanolic extract were done. The chemical characterization of the major compounds in the extract was done using a liquid chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer, in the negative ionization mode. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extracts was done by the DPPH method. To evaluate the biochemical parameters in the Wistar diabetic rats, alloxan was administered at a dose of 140 mg/kg to the diabetic groups, and the extract was diluted in water to 200 mg/mL and administered to all groups for 30 days. After this period, whole blood from the animals was collected for the determination of some biochemical parameters, as well as livers and kidneys for the evaluation of the effects of the extract on the control of lipid peroxidation. The phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of substances belonging to the classes described in the literature for the genus Eugenia sp., such as flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids, based on the molecular mass and the fragmentation patterns obtained. The leaf extract presented potential DPPH radical scavenging activity very close to the catechin standard. In the evaluation of the biochemical parameters of diabetic rats treated with the extract, significant decreases in serum levels of glucose, fructosamine and triglycerides (38.0%, 31.0% and 19.7%, respectively) were observed, as well as an increase in HDL cholesterol (10.3%). The administration of the extract had no significant effect on renal function, AST and ALT activity and on the other parameters of the lipid profile. In addition, there was improvement in liver and kidney damage in treated diabetic animals, through reduction of MDA values in livers and kidneys (17.3% and 13.8%, respectively). Thus, the species E. florida DC. presents an interesting biological potential, due mainly to its bioactive secondary metabolites, which showed promising antioxidant activity and biochemical parameters in diabetic rat models.

Potential antidiabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Ricinus communis leaves on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

Recently, herbal drugs and their bioactive compounds have gained popularity in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), which has become an epidemic disease all over the world and is especially prevalent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous-ethanolic extracts of wild Ricinus communis (R. communis) leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were administered orally with the mentioned extracts at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg/BW for 14 days, and the obtained results of different biochemical parameters were compared with normal control, diabetic control and standard drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/BW). The obtained results revealed a remarkable and significantly (P < 0.05) reverse effect of the body weight loss, observed when diabetic rats were treated with ethanol and aqueous-ethanol extracts at 300 mg/kg/BW. Administration of the ethanol extract at 600 mg/kg/BW significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level. A significant increase in the AST, ALT and ALP levels (P < 0.05) was observed in the diabetic control and in the experimental groups with glibenclamide which was also significantly (P < 0.05) lowered after treatment with extracts at special doses. Total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, creatinine and urea were also investigated and compared to the corresponding controls. We showed that administration of R. communis extract generally significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated the biochemical parameters of diabetic rats. Also, the changes in serum electrolyte profile were assessed and the results demonstrate that administration of extracts at concentration of 600 mg/kg/BW generally inhibits the alteration maintain their levels. The obtained data imply the hypoglycemic effects of this plant, which may be used as a good alternative for managing DM and therefore validating its traditional usage in KSA.

Polyphenolic composition, enzyme inhibitory effects ex-vivo and in-vivo studies on two Brassicaceae of north-central Italy

In this study, three different extracts (soxhlet, microwave and decoction) from two species of broccoli: Brassica oleracea L. convar. Italica botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch. (Broccolo Fiolaro) and Brassica oleracea acephala L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. sabellica L. (Cavolo Nero), which are commonly spread in north-central Italy, were tested for their enzyme inhibitory effects. Enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated against cholinesterases, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The soxhlet extracts had the highest inhibitory AChE effects with 1.08 mgGALAE/g (in Cavolo Nero) and 0.90 mgGALAE/g (in Broccolo Fiolaro). The significant tyrosinase inhibitory effect was observed in the soxhlet extract of Cavolo Nero with 11.93 mgKAE/g. In addition, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of Broccolo Fiolaro and Cavolo Nero on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bladder, kidney and liver specimens, ex vivo. We observed a significant reduction of both nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) following treatment that indicates a significant inhibitory effect on oxidative/nitrosative stress and lipoperoxidation, respectively. Additionally, the blunting effect induced by extracts on LPS-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity further support a protective effect by both Broccolo Fiolaro and Cavolo Nero in bladder, kidney and liver.HPLC analysis revealed that catechin, epicatechin, vanillic and 3-hydroxy benzoic acids were the major components. The phenolic components may contribute to the observed enzyme inhibitory effects. in vivo tests also demonstrated that the extracts decreased the biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Particularly, we observed the reduction of plasma glucose levels, urea and total cholesterol following oral administration, with the higher inhibitory effects exerted by Broccolo Fiolaro compared to Cavolo Nero. Overall, our results could provide new insights on the use of these Broccoli species not only as foods but also as functional and nutraceutical supplements.

Rutin restores adenosine deaminase activity in serum and the liver and improves biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

ABSTRACT denosine deaminase (ADA) is a critical control point in the regulation of adenosine levels. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a polyphenolic flavonoid, rutin, on the activity of ADA in serum, the cerebral cortex, liver, kidney, and biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n=6) for the following treatments: control; diabetic (streptozotocin 55 mg/kg); diabetic with rutin (100 mg/kg/day); diabetic with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg/day). After 30 days, ADA activity and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The ADA activity in the serum was significantly elevated in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p&lt;0.01). The treatment with rutin prevented the increase in ADA activity in the STZ-induced rats when compared to control group. Our data showed that rutin reduced glucose, LDL levels, and hepatic enzymes in comparison with the control group. These results demonstrate that the increase of ADA activity observed in diabetic rats may be an important indicator of the immunopathogenesis of hyperglycemic disorders and suggest that rutin is important for regulating the enzymatic activities associated with immune, hyperglycemic, and inflammatory response in diabetes mellitus.

Ameliorative properties of ethyl acetate fraction of Ceiba pentandra on serum glucose, hematological and biochemical parameters of diabetic rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Ceiba pentandra leaves used by some Nupe speaking community of Niger State, Nigeria in folkloric management of diabetes. MethodsFifteen albino rats of both sexes weighing between 100 and 160 g were randomly allotted to five groups of four rats each. Alloxan monohydrate (110 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to rats in their respective groups, and rats with blood glucose (200 mg/kg body weight) were considered diabetic. Diabetic rats in their respective groups received 2.5 mg/kg body weight of standard drug (glibenclamide), 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of extract once daily for 12 days. Normoglycemic group (reference group I) received 0.5 mL normal saline, while the last group was untreated diabetic (reference group II). The blood glucose was measured by using Accu-Chek Active glucometer every three days and the experiment was terminated at 17th day. ResultsBlood glucose decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in all the treated groups during the period of treatment with highest hypoglycaemic activity observed in 200 mg/kg body weight group. The diabetic untreated group showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in body weight as it was a clinical feature of diabetes in reference to normoglycemic, and other treatment groups. Platelets showed a significant decrease and increase respectively in the untreated and treated groups in reference to the normoglycemic group. Decreased packed cell volume, red blood cells and hemoglobin count, and an increase in white blood cell were also observed in the untreated group. Body weight of the treated groups remained stable as against the reference group II. Activities of the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, chloride and potassium increased significantly (P < 0.05) in standard drug while carbonate and sodium showed the opposite. The urea, creatinine, total and conjugated bilirubin all increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the standard drug and untreated groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride increased and high density lipoprotein increased in all groups against the untreated group. ConclusionsBoth doses of ethyl acetate fraction of Ceiba pentandra were able to reduce the blood glucose and ameliorate the hematological abnormalities associated with diabetes mellitus.

Pharmacodynamic interaction of fenugreek, insulin and glimepiride on sero-biochemical parameters in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.

Aim:This study was undertaken to assess the pharmacodynamic interaction of fenugreek, insulin and glimepiride on sero-biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:A total of 56 male Sprague-Dawley rats, randomly divided into seven Groups. Group 1: Non-diabetic control; Group 2: Streptozotocin induced diabetic control; Groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with insulin, glimepiride and fenugreek seed powder, respectively; Groups 6 and 7: Insulin + fenugreek seed powder treatment and glimepiride + fenugreek seed powder treatment respectively, in diabetic rats. Body weights, blood glucose, lipids total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and proteins (total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratios) were studied at different time intervals. Rats were sacrified at the end of 8 weeks, pancreas and aorta collected for histopathological study.Results:The results of Group 2 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of glucose, TC, TG, LDL, globulin, A/G ratios and significantly (p<0.05) lower concentration of albumin, total protein, HDL and body weights when compared to Group 1 at the end of 4th and 8th weeks intervals with marked alteration in histopathology of pancreas and aorta. All the treatment Groups 3-7 showed significantly (p<0.05) improvement in the all the parameters and the Groups 6 and 7 showed highest decrease in the concentration blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL and increase in the albumin, total protein and body weights during 6th and 8th week, respectively.Conclusion:The treatment with fenugreek, insulin and glimepiride countered the alteration in the sero biochemical parameters in diabetic rats, and their combination was found a positive interaction in improving the sero biochemical status of diabetic rats.

Anti-diabetic activity of methanolic extract of Alpinia galanga Linn. aerial parts in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Introduction:Alpinia galanga Linn. belongs to the family Zingiberaceae has been used as a traditional medicine in China for relieving stomach ache, treating cold, invigorating the circulatory systems, diabetes, and reducing swelling.Aim:To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of A. galanga aerial parts on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg bodyweight. Test drug methanolic extract of A. galanga (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg b.w.) as standard drug was administered orally for 21 consecutive days in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose level, serum lipid profiles, as well as initial and final changes in body weight were assessed along with histopathology. All the parameters were statistically analyzed by using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni t-test.Results:Experimental findings showed significant dose dependent antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract in terms of reduction of fasting blood glucose level and various biochemical parameters in diabetic rats when compared with that of the diabetic control group, which might be due to the stimulatory effect of methanolic extracts on the regenerating β-cells and also on the surviving β-cells.Conclusion:Methanolic extract of aerial parts of A. galanga was effective in controlling blood glucose level and improve lipid profile in euglycemic as well as diabetic rats.

The comparison of pathophysiological effects of the extract of Trigonella and Galega plants with metformin on some biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Studies show that the extract of Trigonella and Galega plants causes a significant decrease in glucose levels in diabetic animals. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the extract of Trigonella and Galega plants with metformin in improving diabetes complications on some biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. A total of 70 adult male Wistar rats were randomly treated in the following groups for 1 month (control group, diabetic, diabetic + extract of Trigonella (1.5 and 3 g/kg), diabetic the extract of Galega (1.5 and 3 g/kg), diabetic + metformin (250 mg/kg)). At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the rats were weighed and their blood glucoses were measured, and then the rats were bled to measure enzymes of ALT, HDL, LDL, triglycerides (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), T.Billi, ALP, uric acid, creatinine, and ASt. After obtaining the serum, the values of the above parameters were measured and then the data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software and Duncan’s statistical test. The results indicate a significant increase in blood glucose, TG, and BUN and a significant decrease in albumin and HDL in the diabetic group in comparison to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Also, the plant extracts and metformin caused a reduction in diabetes complications. The results of this study indicate that Trigonella plant with a dose of 1.5 g/kg of the body weight and metformin improve the diabetic complications on biochemical parameters better than does the Galega plant.

The Effect of Ginger and Thyme on Some Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the chronic metabolic diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of ginger and thyme on some biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Fifty-six male albino rats were divided into eight groups; 7 rats each. Negative control, positive control and other six groups were fed standard diet with 0.5%, 1% and 5% ginger and 2%, 5% and 10% thyme respectively for six weeks. Plasma samples were separated for different biochemical analysis. Livers were kept in 10% formalin for histological study. Hemoglobin was increased in 5% ginger and 10% thyme while total protein was increased only in 5% ginger compared with diabetic group. Rats fed 5% ginger and 10% thyme showed decrease in glucose level, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, uric acid, creatinin and urea nitrogen and increase in HDL-C compared with diabetic control. Liver functions were improved in diabetic groups when they fed (5%) ginger and (10%) thyme. It could be seen that there was statistically more significant improvement in (5%) ginger than (10%) thyme in glucose and HDL-C.