Biochemical Composition Of Blood Research Articles

N-Carbamoyl Glutamate Prevents Ammonia Intoxication in Piglets with Reduced Liver Function

Ammonia as the end product of protein catabolism has a depressing effect on neurons. Ammonia neutralization in mammals occurs in the ornithine cycle, the activity of which is regulated mainly at the level of synthesis of N-Carbamoyl phosphate. The Krebs cycle is coupled with the ornithine cycle through a common substrate—arginine succinate. Therefore, the effects of ammonia neutralization and the processes of amino acid and energy metabolism are largely interrelated. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of an N-carbamoyl glutamate additive in terms of optimizing metabolic processes and improving ammonia neutralization in suckling piglets. The experiment was conducted on two groups of piglets (n=15) formed at the age of 24 hours. Piglets in the experimental group were fed with an aqueous solution of the drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight once daily. The duration of feeding the supplement was 30 days; the average daily gain in body weight was determined at weaning at the age of 30 days. An analysis of the blood biochemical composition was carried out on the 30th day from the onset of the experiment. At the end of feeding the supplement in the experimental group, a decrease in the content of ammonia (p<0.05) and urea in blood plasma, an increase in the concentration of arginine (p<0.05) and triacylglycerols (p<0.05) in comparison with the control group was revealed. The N-carbamoyl glutamate additive under study stimulates the endogenous production of the arginine essential amino acid, neutralizes ammonia formed in metabolic processes, and optimizes the amount of metabolic energy spent on binding ammonia in the urea cycle.

Hepatosis in broiler chickens: The role and efficacy of therapeutic and prophylactic agents containing hepatoprotectors

The preservation of poultry stock can be improved by incorporating therapeutic and preventive agents, including hepatoprotectors, into the diet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an experimental drug containing hepatoprotectors on the health of broiler chickens. The research sought to identify the potential of the preparation to enhance liver function and overall poultry stock survival. The study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 at Odesa State Agrarian University. Investigations were carried out to assess the effects of the experimental preparation in the following doses: 1.0 g/kg body weight (therapeutic dose), 2.0 g/kg body weight (double therapeutic dose), and 5.0 g/kg body weight (fivefold therapeutic dose) over 30 days. The experiment was conducted on 500 Cobb 500 broiler chickens aged 1 to 40 days. Additionally, biochemical blood parameters were measured and analysed using a Polish biochemical selective automatic analyser, the Hitachi 902. Studies have established that the optimal dose of the experimental drug for hepatosis in broiler chickens is 1.0 g/kg body weight. After administration of the drug, the serum bilirubin content decreased by 27.3%, lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased by 17.1%, aspartate aminotransferase activity decreased by 16.4%, alanine aminotransferase activity decreased by 19.3%, and vitamin A content increased by 25.6%, while the phagocytic activity of pseudoeosinophils increased by 23.1%. The results of the studies have proven that the experimental drug normalises liver function, positively affects the biochemical composition of blood, promotes growth, provides protection and natural resistance of the broiler organism, and even improves the quality of poultry products. Based on the above, it is necessary to improve methods for early diagnosis of liver function disorders in poultry and apply effective methods for correcting metabolic processes

Biochemical indices of blood protein metabolism as criteria of broiler nutrition adequacy

The experiments were conducted on the broiler chickens of the cross "Smena-9" in the vivarium of the Selective Genetic Centre "Zagorskoe Experimental Breeding Farm" in Sergiev Posad. The results of the blood plasma biochemical tests showed wavelike changes in the trypsin activity at all ages stu- died. The increased concentration of total protein at 7 days of age in all groups could have been induced by switching from endogenous feed when receiving exogenous feed containing more protein than the yolk sac. The age dynamics of the alkaline phosphatase activity had sharp fluctuations throughout the whole rearing period. At 1–7 days of age, there was an increase in the phosphatase activity with a subsequent decrease until 35 days of age relative to the control in all groups. The peak of high activity of this enzyme occurs on the 7th day – 31030 units/l in the control group and on the 14th day in the experimental group 2. Thereafter, there is a gradual decrease in the activity of this enzyme. A sharp increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of broiler chickens at 7–21 days of age indicates intensive growth and formation of the organism, but a sharp surge in activity at 7 days of age could also be caused by the transition to a new diet, which in itself is a stress factor. A decrease in the activity of this enzyme at 28–35 days of age indicates a slowdown in the growth process. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical composition of blood in different periods of post-embryogenesis of broiler chickens of the cross "Smena-9" at changing the level of protein in the diet, which in this case remains a relevant and informative source of information on the effect of changes in the ingredient composition of feed on the bird organism as a whole.

Sustainable fodder production and optimization of cow feeding rations in the ar-id climate of southern Ukraine

In the south of Ukraine, which traditionally belongs to the zone of risky land use due to frequent droughts and the last 10–15 years of steadily progressing global warming, the production of rye silage as a basic feed ingredient is gaining the status of an excellent insurance fund, which is essential in the region's feed production, as it will help to remedy the situation with the shortage of juicy fodder. Optimisation of dairy cow feeding rations during lactation in southern Ukraine involves the use of traditional dietary ingredients (corn silage, alfalfa haylage) and innovative ones (rye silage, wet beer pellets), which is mainly due to climate change in recent years. The research used commonly available methods: zootechnical (setting up experiments, developing feed rations, assessing dairy cattle productivity, milk quality, reproduction rates); biological (morphological and biochemical composition of blood); statistical (biometric processing of data) and economic analysis of the research. Thus, in terms of actual milk yield, amount of milk fat and milk protein for 305 days of lactation, cows of all experimental groups outperformed analogues of the control group (milk yield for 305 days of lactation was 7898.0 l; amount of milk fat and protein – 278.7 and 245.1 kg, respectively) by 1.2–3.3 %, by the amount of milk fat – by 5.1–16.9 % and by the amount of milk protein – by 3.4–10.9 % for 305 days of lactation. It was found that the diets of dairy cows of the experimental groups, which included rye silage in different amounts and wet beer pellets, had a positive effect on reducing the duration of the service period, and hence the duration of the intercalation period by 5.5–27.0 days in animals of the I–IV experimental groups compared to cows of the control group. There was a tendency to increase the content of carotene in the blood serum of animals of the II experimental group by 39.5 %, as well as a significant difference of 72.7 % (P < 0.05) and 81,3% (P < 0.01), respectively, in cows of the III and IV experimental groups compared to the same indicator of the control group, which was 209.6 μg/100 ml.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ И БИОХИМИЮ КРОВИ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ

The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the organism of broiler chickens in the period from day-old to 56-day-old age, as well as changes in the biochemical composition of blood were studied. The application of this type of treatment allowed to provide a decrease in feed conversion, increase in economic efficiency and increase in the weight of chickens.

Morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of carp fish in artificial water reservoirs

In this article, morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of carp fish in artificial reservoirs of Samarkand region are analyzed depending on their living conditions and hydro chemical parameters of water. One of the important features of intensive fish farming is the study of blood, morphological and biochemical parameters. The morphological and biochemical composition of blood varies depending on the habitat and lifestyle of different fish species.

DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN BLOOD INDICATORS OF LACTATING SIMMENTAL COWS WHEN ADJUSTING THE DIET

The article discusses the importance of the biochemical composition of blood as an indicator of the physiological state of the body. The effect of the supplement Cellobacterin, containing probiotic and enzymatic components, on the biochemical blood indicators in Simmental cows during lactation was studied. The results of the study show that when adjusting the diet, there was an improvement in the biochemical blood composition of cows, which is associated with the effect of Cellobacterin on the rumen microbiota. The use of a probiotic is an effective approach to optimize cow nutrition and increase productivity.

Features of the biochemical composition of blood in calves with different dynamics of live weight gain

The biochemical markers of blood associated with the rate of body weight gain were studied in the work. For experimental work, 30 calves on the 1st and 14th day after birth received venous blood and conducted laboratory tests. At the time of birth, as well as after 6 months of cultivation, the live weight of young an-imals was determined and the average daily increase was calculated. It was found that on the first day after birth in intensively growing animals, the activity of AlAT was lower by 56.6% (P?0.01), and AsAT by 45.4% (P?0.05), in relation to the indicators of young animals with a low rate of weight gain. Similarly, calves with intensive growth had a higher concentration of VSNMM in plasma by 30.4...48.4% (P?0.001) and 37.1...48.6% (P?0.01) in blood. On day 14, the biochemical profile of calves with low growth rates was characterized by a higher activity of alkaline phosphatase (by 27.4...46.6%; P<0.05), whereas in intensively growing young calves a higher level of calcium was observed (by 5.9%; P<0.05). The analysis of correlations showed that on the first day after birth, there was a pronounced relationship between the growth rate in relation to the activity of AsAT (-0.510) and AlAT (-0.497), iron concentration (-0.650) and VSNMM in blood plasma (0.626). Subsequently, the connection of these markers weakened, and the growth rate of calves was more dependent on the activity of alkaline phosphatase. So on the 14th day of postnatal ontogenesis, the correlation between the increase in live weight and enzyme activity was -0.744. Thus, it can be concluded that the activity of alkaline phosphatase is the most promising biochemical marker associated with the dynamics of body weight gain.

Effect of complex bioadditives of phytogenic origin on productive performance of quails

Comparative research on studying the influence of phytobioadditives from natural plant raw materials and with synthetic adaptogen Aurol in complex with arabinogalactan on quail productive indices were carried out. Daily inclusion of bio-additives in the diets of quails, from 5 days to 107 days of age, had a different effect on the safety and their productive performance. The control group received the basic diet, the 1st experimental group – the basic diet with drinking aqueous solution of aurol with arabinogalactan; in the 2nd experimental group 0.1% of bio-additive No. 1 consisting of roseroot powder with arabinogalactan was added to 99.9% of the basic diet; in the 3rd experimental group – 98.4% of the basic diet + 1.6% of bio-additive No. 2 consisting of roseroot powder, pine nut shell and pine needles with arabinogalactan in the first period of growing; in the second period – 98.3% of the basic diet + 1.7% of bio-additive No. 2a. Biochemical composition of blood, muscle tissue of quail carcasses, quail eggs was studied. In the period of quails growing, inclusion of complex bio-additives of plant origin with arabinogalactan No. 1 and No. 2 in the main composition of the diet of experimental groups increased their live weight by 7.6 and 11.1%; average daily gain by 8.6 and 12.4%; slaughter yield of gutted carcass by 0.9 and 1.5%; increased safety by 5.7 and 1.4% compared to the control group. At the beginning of egg production, the best results were with natural complex bio-additives. The laying hens of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups started egg laying 2 days earlier, they had the highest egg laying intensity (66,98 and 61,67%). In comparison with the control group, a higher average weight of one egg was observed in the 2nd experimental group – by 5.7%, the intensity of oviposition was higher – by 15.0%, egg mass – by 38.9.

Homeostasis of dogs when feeding them with industrially produced dry food and home-made food

The work aimed to test a newly developed new formulation of domestic dry food for dogs. Some homeostasis indicators in dogs transferred from natural feeding to complete dry food were assessed. The studies were conducted on two groups of dogs kept by their owners in apartment conditions and on personal plots. Dogs of the 1st group (experimental) were transferred from feeding homemade food to industrially produced complete dry food. The diet of dogs in group 2 (control) did not change and still consisted of meat products, cereals and vegetables.Biomaterial for research (blood, faeces) was taken at the beginning of the experiment and after two months of controlled feeding. The bioelemental and biochemical composition of blood, haematological parameters and faecal microbiology were studied. The dogs' and general clinical conditions were assessed, including determination of live weight at the beginning and end of the two-month study. The results of the elemental analysis showed that two months after the transfer of dogs of the 1st group from the "natural" type of feeding to dry food in the blood of the animals, the concentration of arsenic, lead, strontium, chromium, iodine, selenium and zinc decreased, but the levels of lithium increased nickel and molybdenum. Of the biochemical and haematological parameters, AST, ALT, β-lipoproteins, amylase, lipase, total protein and haemoglobin increased statistically significantly, but alkaline phosphatase level decreased. In addition, switching dogs to dry food contributed to a decrease in 1 g of faeces in the concentration of E. coli with regular enzymatic activity, lactose-negative E. coli, microflora of the genus Proteus and yeast-like fungi. During the experimental period, animals of the 2nd (control) group showed an increase in the amount of microflora of the genus Protea and lactose-negative E. coli. In the intestines of dogs of both groups during the study period, an increase in coccal flora and a decrease in the number of E. coli hemolytic and E. aerogenes were observed.

NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT FOR CANCER PATIENTS IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD

Relevance: The modern medicine, evaluating patients’ nutritional status is a priority for many specialists. The incidence of nutritional deficiency in cancer pathology increases annually by 65-85%. The nutritional status of patients is represented by a decrease in life expectancy, deterioration of immediate and long-term treatment results, a decrease in the tolerability of therapy, and a decrease in the quality of life. Early detection of nutritional insufficiency and evaluation of the patient’s nutritional status makes it possible for early provision of nutritional therapy and has a positive effect before the operation, during and after the operating period, reduces postoperative complications, and reduces the duration of stay in the hospital. This article reflects on the features of evaluating the nutritional status and methods of correction of clinical nutrition.
 The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of cancer patients’ nutrition in the early postoperative period and determine the optimal method of its implementation.
 Methods: We compared the clinical effectiveness of enteral and parenteral nutrition methods in the complex of postoperative therapeutic measures on the hepato-pancreatic-duodenal zone.
 Results: On Days 10-12 after surgery, 12 out of 17 control group patients had normal nutritional status judging by their Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and five had moderate malnutrition. After enteral nutrition was added (on Days 13-15), no malnutrition cases in this group were detected. The total blood protein in the subjects showed a significant difference between the average values of indicators in clinical groups for the entire study period (p<0.05). The average total blood protein by Day 8 after surgery was 62.5±10.0 g/L in the leading group and 57.5±10.1 g/L in the control group. The change in the blood biochemical composition was due to the volume, duration, and nature of the surgical intervention.
 Conclusion: When using nutritional therapy in cancer patients operated on for tumors of the hepato-pancreatic-duodenal zone in the early postoperative period, the enteral route of administration of nutrient mixtures is preferred, provided there is no pronounced intestinal paresis and purulent discharge from the stomach.

Biochemical parameters of blood in cows when using feed additives

A change in the biochemical composition of blood is an indicator of the developing latent stages of body diseases caused by metabolic disorders, because blood is one of the body’s liquid media, through which organs, tissues and cells are replenished with substances necessary for vital activity (vitamins, macro- and microelements, etc.), as well as the excretion of metabolic products. The purpose of the research was to study the biochemical parameters of blood in cows depending on the use of the Cowfeed Dry series feed additive and the concentration of biologically active substances in their ration. The cows of the control group were fed the basic ration in the farm. The analogues of the 1st experimental group in addition to the main ration were fed a feed additive Cowfeed Dry Extra in the amount of 100 g/head/day. The herdmates of the 2nd experimental group received in addition to the main ration the feed additive Cowfeed Dry Complement in the amount of 100 g/head/day. The duration of feeding of feed additives was 60 days before calving of cows. It has been revealed according to the research results that a high concentration of biologically active substances contained in feed additives is not always effective for increasing milk productivity. Despite the fact that the composition of the Cowfeed Dry Extra feed additive contains more biologically active elements than Cowfeed Dry Complement, more milk was obtained from cows of the 2nd experimental group during the fi rst 90 days of lactation by 6,2 % than in the 1st experimental group, and according to the daily milk yield superiority was 8,8 %. The high level of redox processes in the body of animals was confi rmed by biochemical blood parameters.

The effect of feed additives on the hematological and productive qualities of young cattle

Relevance. The development of cattle breeding and the production of high-quality beef in Russia is currently one of the important tasks. This paper presents the results of studies on the effect of a feed additive based on colostrum oil, protein hydrolysate and vitamins on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of young animals.Methods. The diet of animals of the experimental group included a feed additive, which includes colostrum oil, protein hydrolysate and vitamins. The feed additive was introduced into the daily diet at a dose of 100 g per head per day. It has been established that the introduction of a feed additive into the diet of young animals has a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical composition of blood, contributes to increasing the productivity of young cattle.Results. The results of scientific and economic experience have shown that the use of feed additives in the feeding of young cattle is an effective method of reducing productivity losses during cultivation and contributes to improving the productive qualities of farm animals.

The spread of liver diseases in sows according to the results of the study of the biochemical composition of blood

Sows in industrial complexes are affected by etiological factors leading to the development of liver pathologies (hepatopathy). The study of their distribution in sows on the basis of an in vivo study of the biochemical composition of the blood determines the relevance of the work.In order to clearly judge the prevalence of liver diseases in sows, three age groups of animals were defined: sows with one farrowing (pregnant replacement gilts), sows with 2 -3 farrowings and sows with 4 or more farrowings. Each age group included 100 sows and 100 suckling sows (total 600 animals). The selection of animals for blood sampling was carried out randomly.Sows in conditions of industrial complexes are affected by etiological factors that lead to the development of liver pathologies (hepatopathies). The study of their distribution in sows on the basis of intravital study of biochemical composition of blood causes the relevance of the work. In the blood of sows biochemical indices of inflammatorymesenchymal, cytolytic, hepatodepressive and cholestatic syndromes were determined. When interpreting the obtained indices, sows with changes in the biochemical composition of blood characterizing these syndromes were determined.The number of animals with biochemical changes in the blood characteristic of liver pathology increased among gestating and lactating sows with increasing number of farrows. The number of animals with hepatopathies in pregnant sows has increased from 20% in nursing pigs to 81% in animals which farrow 4 and more pigs, and in suckling sows from 34% to 85%. At the same time, with an increase in the number of farrows among sows with biochemical changes in the blood, which characterize the development of hepatopathies, the number of animals with blood parameters indicating the development of hepatosuppression and "oppression" of the synthetic function of the liver increases. Hepatosuppression was detected in 10% of cases in repair pigs, in sows with one farrowing, in 41.2% of cases. In gestating and lactating sows with 4 and more farrows, 92.6 and 92.9%, respectively.

Functional additive based on natural premix in the diet of quails

The results of the experiment on the use of functional additive in the diet of growing quails on the basis of natural organomineral complex (sapropel) enriched with wheat bran, coniferous flour, pine nut shells and enzyme preparation Fitbest WP are presented. The experiment lasting 60 days was conducted according to the standard methodology on Japanese quails. For the experiment, two similar groups of 60 birds each (one control and one experimental group) were formed at one day of age. Both groups received basic mixed fodder corresponding to the physiological characteristics and age of the quails. In the ration of young animals of the experimental group 10% of the wheat mass was replaced by a functional additive consisting of sapropel (50%), wheat bran (20%), coniferous flour (15%) and pine nutshells (15%), enriched with the enzyme preparation Fitbest WP (100 g/t mixed fodder) designed to increase the absorption of phytate phosphorus. The birds were kept in a cage battery under the required microclimate conditions. The effect of feeding the experimental additive on the following indicators of quail chickens was studied: safety, average daily gain of live weight, meat productivity and meat quality, biochemical composition of blood. Introduction of the functional additive on the basis of natural premix (sapropel) into the mixed fodder of quails increased the safety of birds by 2.00%, live weight gain by 6.97% with no significant differences in the consumption of mixed fodder per unit production. The meat of the poultry that consumed the functional additive increased the dry matter content by 0.85%, ash by 0.61%, calcium and phosphorus by 1.05 and 1.30 times (p < 0.05). Intergroup differences in protein content and fat content were insignificant. Hematological parameters of quail chickens in the experimental groups corresponded to the physiological norm.

#2967 CALCULATION OF THE RISK OF CONSTRAST-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY DAMAGE IN THE CUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract Background and Aims Analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of contrast nephropathy in patients with coronary artery disease on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effectiveness of the proposed preventive measures. Method The study took place in two stages. The study included 56 patients with type 2 diabetes, the average age of the patients was 58 years, the CG consisted of 20 healthy persons. In most patients, the reason for which the endovascular radiopaque procedure (EVRCP) was performed was associated with atherosclerotic lesions: coronary artery disease, chronic lower limb ischemia (CLLI), atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA). EVRCP was performed on the vessels of the coronary basin, BCA, abdominal aorta and its branches, lower extremities. A retrospective analysis included a comparative analysis of two groups of patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent (EVRCP): 29 patients who developed CI-AKI (CI-AKI+ group) and 27 patients in whom the post-procedure period was uneventful. CI-AKI was defined as an increase in venous creatinine concentration of more than 25% by the end of 48 hours after EVRCP. During this phase of the study, the patient's medical history was analyzed - their anamnestic data, glycemic status, general urinalysis, kidneys, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) initially, 2,4,6,8 and 10 days after the procedure. The first stage, a retrospective one, included a comparative analysis of two groups of diabetic patients who underwent an endovascular radiopaque procedure (EVRCP): 29 patients who developed CI-AKI (CI-AKI+ group) and 27 patients in whom the post-procedure period was uneventful. CI-AKI was defined as an increase in venous creatinine concentration of more than 25% by the end of 48 hours after EVRD. Results Based on the analysis, we developed a risk scale for the development of CI-AKI in patients with DM. In the process of compiling the scale, the value of RR for the development of CI-AKI in the presence of the corresponding factor, rounded to the nearest whole number, was used as risk coefficients. According to the developed scale, in the presence of a risk factor, the patient is assigned a certain score. The score determines the risk of CI-AKI. Conclusion Thus, the present study showed that in patients with DM, compared with healthy volunteers, there is a change in kidney function, which is more pronounced in individuals prone to the development of CI-AKI. Changes in the cellular and biochemical blood composition in patients with DM are characteristic of diabetic nephropathy and are also more pronounced in patients at risk of CI-AKI.

ABOUT NON-TRADITIONAL FEED ADDITIVES INFLUENCE ON SAFETY OF THE YAKUT BREED HORSES LIVE WEIGHT

Horse breeding is one of the rapidly developing branches of animal husbandry in Yakutia. Horses of the Yakut breed are only type of farm animals that are kept year-round in harsh conditions of the sharply continental climate of Yakutia. In winter, animals experience a significant lack of nutrients and minerals. This is due to fact that basic diet consists of natural feed winter pasture and hay. Therefore, the goal was to study the effect of complex feed additives from local natural raw materials on the change in live weight and biochemical composition of the blood of animals. This study used standard animal research methods. The use of non-traditional feed additives in feeding of horses contributed to an increase in the supply of nutrients and minerals to the rations. Improving feeding conditions affected the live weight of horses (live weight loss was 5.75 % и 5.45 %). The change caused by inclusion of non-traditional feed additives in the diets of horses had a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood animals. In horses from the experimental groups, an increase was found in the blood in total protein by 0.50 % and 0.30 %, albumin by 0.36 and 0.20 %, globulin by 0.13 and 0.10 %, hemoglobin by 2.91 and 1.33 %, calcium by 3.56 and 1.29%, phosphorus by 5.71 and 1.90 %. Thus, use of experimental non-traditional feed additives in feeding horses in winter contributes to the best preservation of live weight. This is due to the improvement of mineral and vitamin nutrition in a difficult period of deficiency of macro- and microelements, vitamins in the diets of horses. This improves metabolism, which is reflected in the morphological and biochemical composition of blood of horses.

MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD IN CATS WITH CALICIVIROSIS

In recent years, there has been a massive trend in Ukraine to keep cats, which has inevitably led to an increase in the incidence of their diseases. In the general pathology of cats, viral diseases occupy a leading place, and of particular concern is calicivirosis, which is caused by a virus capable of high mutation rates and can cause atypical course with nonspecific manifestations of clinical signs. Therefore, given the urgency of this issue, the result of our research is to clarify, supplement and summarize data on hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and erythrocytopoiesis in calicivirosis in cats, because blood is a sensitive and informative indicator of the body, responds quickly to changes as exogenous. and endogenous factors. The research was conducted in veterinary clinics of Zhytomyr and Kyiv, on purebred and outbred cats (n = 18). Diagnostic studies to confirm feline calicevirus were performed using rapid tests Ag Test (FCV Ag), Quicking Biotech Co., Ltd. and ELISA and PCR for the presence of calicivirus antigen on the basis of a private veterinary laboratory LLC "Bald" in Kiev.
 Comprehensive studies have shown that cats with calicivirosis (18) are characterized by changes in morphological and biochemical composition of blood. Deviations from physiological limits were found, namely erythrocytopenia P≤0.05, thrombocytosis P≤0.05, leukocytosis P≤0.05, monocytosis P≤0.01, increase in ESR P≤0.001 and lymphocytopenia P≤0.05, for biochemical ones it is a significant increase in the concentration of globulin P≤0.001, creatinine P≤0.001, urea P≤0.05 hyperenzymemia α-amylase P≤0.001, and ALT P≤0.05. As a result of experimental research of morphological indicators of blood the difficult pathogenesis of a disease with multiorgan insufficiency is established.

Long-Term Conditioning of a Donor Heart by Autoperfusion

The aim of research was to study parameters of homeostasis and conditions for stable operation of the autoperfused heart-lung complex ex vivo.Materials and methods. A series of acute experiments (n-3) was carried out to create a functioning heart-lung complex and study parameters of homeostasis ex vivo. A large mammal (mini-pig weighed 20-30 kg) was used as an experimental model. During the experiment, invasive blood pressure in the aortic root, pulmonary artery, central venous pressure, temperature of the left ventricle of the heart, gas composition of arterial blood (in the aortic root) and venous blood flowing from the coronary sinus was monitored.Results. The series of experiments evidenced the fundamental possibility of an isolated heart-lung complex ex vivo stable functioning. During 4-hours autoperfusion of the "heart-lung" complex, the parameters of hemodynamics, gas and biochemical blood composition remained within the reference values.Conclusion. The analysis of literature data and the results of experiments on laboratory animals allow us to state that the autoperfusion can be successfully used as an option of safe and long-term conditioning of a donor heart. This technique can be used to improve the results of heart transplantation with prolonged ischemia of the donor organ. Extending the survival of a donor heart ex vivo functioning will significantly expand the geography of donor bases, reducing the ischemic period to a minimum.

Rumen fermentation, methane concentration, and blood metabolites of cattle receiving dietetical phytobiotic and cobalt (II) chloride.

Ensuring the genetic potential of ruminants through nutrition studies using medicinal plants and trace element metals is an urgent task. This study aimed to study the effect of Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae) herb plant separately and in combination with cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) chelate compounds on the course of metabolic processes in the rumen, methane concentration, and biochemical blood parameters in bulls. Control group (BD: Basal diet); experimental Group I - BD + A. absinthium herb at a dose of 2.0 g/kg dry matter (DM), experimental Group II - BD + A. absinthium herb at a dose of 2.0 g/kg DM + CoCl2 (1.5 mg/kg), and experimental Group III - BD + CoCl2 were set (1.5 mg/kg). The study was conducted on 16 beef bulls (Kazakh white-headed breed) aged 13-14 months, with an average live weight of 330-335 kg. Enzymatic processes in the rumen were studied, including the level of volatile fatty acids (using the gas chromatography method), nitrogen and its fractions (using the Kjeldahl method), methane concentration, and morphological and biochemical blood composition. There was a decrease in the concentration of acetic acid in experimental group I (15.9%) (p < 0.05) and in the III group (60.3%) and propionic acid in all experimental groups by 5.6%-47.3% (p < 0.05). Feeding A. absinthium herb as part of the diet of experimental Group I contributed to a decrease in methane concentration by 17.8% (p = 0.05) and the lowest methane concentration was noted for experimental Group III. It was less than in control by 59.1% (p < 0.05). An increase in the concentration of glucose, total protein, and creatinine was found in the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The digestibility of organic matter (3.5%), crude fiber (3.6%), and hemicellulose (11.0%) increased with the feeding of A. absinthium herb. Thus, using biocomplexes based on A. absinthium herb and CoCl2 do not harm the rumen fermentation of cattle. Still, further microbiome studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. absinthium on cattle properly.