Bioactive Capacity Research Articles

Structural Modification of Polymers Functionalized with Mango Leaf Extract by Supercritical Impregnation: Approaching of Further Food and Biomedical Applications.

Identifying new polymers from natural resources that can be effectively functionalized can have a substantial impact on biomedical devices and food preservation fields. Some of these polymers would be made of biodegradable, renewable and compostable materials, and present the kind of porosity required to effectively carry active compounds that confer on them the desired properties for their intended applications. Some natural extracts, such as mango leaf extract, have been proven to have high levels of antioxidant, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory properties, making them good candidates for controlled-release applications. This work intends to investigate the supercritical impregnation of different types of polymers (ABS, PETG, TPU, PC and PCL) with mango leaf extract. The influence of temperature and pressure on the polymers’ structure (swelling and foaming processes) and their different behaviors have been analyzed. Thus, TPU and PC experience minimal structural modifications, while PETG, PCL and ABS, on the other hand, suffer quite significant structural changes. TPU and PETG were selected as the representative polymers for each one of these behaviors to delve into mango leaf extract impregnation processes. The bioactive capacity of the extract is present in either impregnated polymer, with 25.7% antioxidant activity by TPU processed at 35 °C and 100 bar and 32.9% antioxidant activity by PETG impregnated at 75 °C and 400 bar.

Antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical potentials of fungal bioactive secondary metabolites.

The present study focuses on antioxidant, antibacterial, phytochemical potential, and cytotoxicity of secondary metabolites from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria arborescens, and Pestalotiopsis vismiae. The scavenging effect of fungal metabolites was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), H2 O2 , O2 -, and reducing power assays. Among the four fungi, A. arborescens have higher antioxidant activity of DPPH (81.12%), H2 O2 (74.83%), superoxide (75.74%), and reducing power (0.141) with standard ascorbic acid. Fungal metabolites were found to be significantly effective against all tested pathogens. A. arborescens showed significant amounts of phenolic (138.78 ± 3.70 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent), flavonoid (74.16 ± 3.58 mg/g of quercetin equivalent), as well as cytotoxicity effects in a cancer cell line (A549) with inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 35 µg/ml at 24and 48 h). The live and dead cells were analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining methods. In addition, A. arborescens metabolites were characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The major compounds were found to be phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-, acetamide, N-(3-methylphenyl)-, dibutyl phthalate, and benzo[qr]naphtho[2,1,8,7-fghi] pentacene. The compounds were reported in A. arborescensis up to our knowledge this is the first report. Based on this study, all fungal strains have a significant bioactive capacity with A. arborescens strain exhibiting greater biological properties. Further purification and characterization of A. arborescens bioactive component could lead to an intriguing reservoir of novel pharmacological agents in the future.

Determination of Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Capacities and Safety of the Somatic Hybrid Potatoes

Determination of Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Capacities and Safety of the Somatic Hybrid Potatoes

Construction Of High Loading Natural Active Substances Nanoplatform and Application in Synergistic Tumor Therapy.

BackgroundNatural bioactive substances have been widely studied for their superior anti-tumor activity and low toxicity. However, natural bioactive substances suffer from poor water-solubility and poor stability in the physiological environment. Therefore, to overcome the drawbacks of natural bioactive substances in tumor therapy, there is an urgent need for an ideal nanocarrier to achieve high bioactive substance loading with low toxicity.Materials and MethodsFace-centered cubic hollow mesoporous Prussian Blue (HMPB) NPs were prepared by stepwise hydrothermal method. Among them, PVP served as a protective agent and HCl served as an etching agent. Firstly, MPB NPs were obtained by 0.01 M HCl etching. Then, the highly uniform dispersed HMPB NPs were obtained by further etching with 1 M HCl.ResultsIn this work, we report a pH-responsive therapeutic nanoplatform based on HMPB NPs. Surprisingly, as-prepared HMPB NPs with ultra-high bioactive substances loading capacity of 329 μg mg−1 owing to the large surface area (131.67 m2 g−1) and wide internal pore size distribution (1.8–96.2 nm). Moreover, with the outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency of HMPB NPs (30.13%), natural bioactive substances were released in the tumor microenvironment (TME). HMPB@PC B2 achieved excellent synergistic therapeutic effects of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy (CT) in vivo and in vitro without causing any extraneous side effects.ConclusionA biocompatible HMPB@PC B2 nanoplatform was constructed by simple physical adsorption. The in vitro and in vivo experiment results demonstrated that the synergy of PTT/CT provided excellent therapeutic efficiency for cervical cancer without toxicity. Altogether, as-designed nanomedicines based on natural bioactive substances may be provide a promising strategy for cancer therapy.

In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial evaluations of propolis from South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Propolis, a complex substance of resinous, is produced by honeybees. Propolis contains a number of flavonoid compounds endowed with antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities. The main chemical constituents and physicochemical properties of propolis are depended on many factors including geographic origin. This study was undertaken to evaluate antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities of propolis collected from Kalimantan, Indonesia. The phytochemical properties of propolis were identified by total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and FTIR analysis. Propolis was extracted using 96% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and n-hexane solvents. Moreover, the bioactivity capacity of propolis extracts were observed through antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The results showed that propolis extracts exhibited varying degrees of phenolic content, flavonoid contents, antibacterial, and antiradical scavenging properties. The highest value of total flavonoid content was obtained on 96% ethanol propolis extract as well as its remarkable antibacterial and antiradical scavenging activities.

Hybrid composite based on chitosan matrix mineralized by polyphasic calcium orthophosphates with enhanced bioactivity and protein adsorption capacity

The hybrid composite (HC) based on chitosan (CS) matrix mineralized with polyphasic calcium phosphate (CaP) component was obtained in situ by hydrothermal synthesis and microwave irradiation (MW) at the reaction solution temperature (60 °C) and close to physiological pH values. Changes in the Ca/CS ratio, and the action of MW in the synthesis affect the initial nucleation and the quantitative content of individual CaPs in the HC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrates the presence of several CaP phases after sintering at 750 °C, which have different resorption ratios. MW induced heating of the reaction mixture compared to classical convection heating significantly affects the properties of the hybrid composite: Young's modulus increases from 517 МPа (under convection) to 780 MPa (under MW), enhances shape stability, decreases the swelling degree. According to Photoluminescence studies, the HC formation is accompanied by CS macromolecules fragmentation caused by the rupture of glycosidic bonds. Increasing Ca/CS promotes more efficient reversible multilayer adsorption of the amino acid Tryptophan, controlled by the CaP component and corresponds to the Freundlich isotherm. In vivo studies demonstrate high biocompatibility of HC with bone tissue due to the presence of polyphasic CaP in the composite, promoting the formation and germination of newly formed bone in the surrounding tissues as early as 30 days after implantation.

The Effects of Processing on Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Sorghum Grains.

Sorghum is ranked the fifth most commonly used cereal and is rich in many kinds of bioactive compounds. Food processing can affect the accumulation and decomposition of bioactive compounds in sorghum grains, and then change the biological activities of sorghum grains. The present review aims to analyze the effects of processing technologies on bioactive compounds and the biological activities of sorghum grains. Decortication reduces the total phenols, tannins, and antioxidant activity of sorghum grains. The effects of thermal processes on bioactive compounds and potential biological activities of sorghum grains are complicated due to thermal treatment method and thermal treatment conditions, such as extrusion cooking, which has different effects on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of sorghum due to extrusion conditions, such as temperature and moisture, and food matrices, such as whole grain and bran. Emerging thermal processes, such as microwave heating and high-pressure processing, could promote the release of bound phenolic substances and procyanidins, and are recommended. Biological processes can increase the nutritive and nutraceutical quality and reduce antinutritional compounds, except for soaking which reduces water-soluble compounds in sorghum.

Differentiation of juice of mandarin-like hybrids based on physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity

In this study, samples of mandarin-like hybrids (Clemenvilla, Nadorcott and Ortanique) from two harvesting seasons (2017−2018 and 2018−2019) were analyzed, to evaluate its differences in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional properties and establish the parameters that allow classify these citrus cultivars. Results showed that Clemenvilla juice had the highest concentration of total phenolic and ascorbic acid and are strongly correlated to its higher antioxidant capacity. Flavonoids were higher in Nadorcott samples. Large differences of total carotenoids were observed in juice analyzed. Varieties and harvesting seasons significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds content and antioxidant capacity of samples. The pH, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, DPPH and TEAC values were determined as predictor parameters to classify the groups according to the varieties, concluding that Nadorcott samples were clearly different. The data presented in this research will currently provide information about the physicochemical evaluation of mandarin-like hybrid varieties and their potential as source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity.

Effect of gradient concentration pre‐osmotic dehydration on keeping air‐dried apricot antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds

Apricot was treated by osmotic dehydration (OD) before air drying to protect its antioxidant activity and bioactive compound. The experiment set up three groups to pretreat apricot by OD in sucrose solution of different concentrations for 12 h in total, among which, OD-1 was permeated in 60% solution for 12 h; OD-2 was permeated in 45% and 60% solution for 6 h. OD-3 was pretreated in 30%, 45%, and 60% solutions for 4 h. After pretreatment, apricots were dried at 60°C until the water loss rate reaching 75%. Results showed water loss rate and solids gained rate in the OD-2 group were the highest and drying time was shortened effectively. Compared with control, all OD samples could maintain higher content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, and reduce browning. The OD-2 pretreatment dried apricot could retain the edible quality, bioactive substances, and antioxidant capacity to the maximum extent. Novelty impact statement This research was improved according to the traditional processing technology of preserved fruit. In this study, it was found that under the same pretreatment time, the osmotic dehydration pretreatment with second-order gradient concentration could effectively keep apricots' bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity during the drying process.

Maximising Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Coffee Pulp Waste Using Microwave-assisted Extraction

Coffee pulp is a major by-product generated from coffee bean production and is generally known as waste. This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) with Box Behnken Design (BBD) to determine the impact of extraction parameters and optimise the conditions for recovery of total phenolics, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine from coffee pulp using a commercial microwave-assisted extraction system (MAE) for further applications. The results showed that sample to solvent ratio and ethanol concentration significantly affected the recovery yields of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. There were significant interactive effects between the radiation time and sample to solvent ratio, but no significant interactive impacts between radiation time and ethanol concentration, radiation time and power, sample to solvent ratio and power, and ethanol concentration and power on recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the coffee pulp extract. The optimal conditions were found to be radiation time of 85 min, sample to solvent ratio of 1:100 g/100 ml, 42.5 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol solution, and machine power of 1000 W. Under these conditions, extraction yields of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine were 38.68, 27.00, 6.95, and 5.47 (mg/g DW), respectively. The extract also had high antioxidant capacities, with values measured by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays as 87.95, 9.3, 65.31 (mg TE/g DW), respectively. These conditions are recommended for the recovery of bioactive compounds from coffee pulp for further applications.

Nitrogen modified atmosphere packaging maintains the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of postharvest fresh edible peanuts

In the present study, fresh edible peanuts were packaged with nitrogen and oxygen (N2: O2 = 9:1) (modified atmosphere packaging, MAP) or air (control) and stored at 4 °C for 120 d. The physio-chemical properties, enzyme activities, and antioxidant capacity of fresh peanut kernels were analyzed at different time points during storage to investigate the effect of MAP on the preservation of this product. In comparison with control, the MAP treatment could efficaciously maintain the commodity characteristics of fresh edible peanuts by inhibiting the browning, increasing the firmness, and decelerating the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxidase, the production of superoxide anion, and the electrolyte leakage rate of fresh edible peanut kernels. In addition, MAP-treated peanut kernels exhibited higher activities of the enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, and higher total phenolics, flavonoids and resveratrol contents. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, and catalase, and antioxidant capacity [as measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP)] were also maintained in the MAP-treated kernels. Furthermore, positive Pearson’s correlations were observed between FRAP and total phenolics (r2 = 0.93), total flavonoids (r2 = 0.91), and SOD (r2 = 0.95), as well as between DPPH and SOD (r2 = 0.89) and total flavonoids (r2 = 0.77). Our results therefore suggest that MAP is a promising strategy to enhance bioactive compounds accumulation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in fresh edible peanuts during postharvest storage, hence providing valuable insights into preserving this important protein source.

Characterisation of hydrogels and aerogels as carriers for sea buckthorn pomace extract

SummaryIn this study, aerogels were prepared from kognac glucomannan (KG) or whey proteins loaded with bioactive sea buckthorn pomace extract. KG was diacetylated with Na2CO3 (0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 m) resulting hydrogel formation that were further freeze‐dried to obtain an aerogel structure. Whey protein aerogels were prepared by removing pore fluid from alcogels using supercritical CO2 drying. Produced aerogels evaluated for microstructure, porosity, specific surface area, absorption capacity, encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant capacity of the extract. It was found that higher concentration of alkali induced higher hardness, resilience and elastic modulus values. It was also obtained that pores in the konjac glucomannan aerogels were irregular in shape and a decrease in total pore volume (0.026 to 0.019 cc/g) and surface area (12.39 to 11.40 m2/g) after increasing the carbonate concentration was observed. These aerogels were found to have better encapsulation efficiency properties for sea buckthorn pomace extract (17 to 20%) in comparison to whey protein aerogels (0.05 to 0.36%). Overall, the KG aerogels show potential for applications in the food industry as a carrier of bioactive sea buckthorn pomace extract, while whey proteins must be used in combination with other biopolymers to enhance their bioactive compound loading capacity.

Bioactive inks suitable for 3D printing based on waterborne polyurethane urea, cellulose nanocrystals and Salvia extract

This work explores the preparation of a bioactive ink suitable for direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing by adding extract obtained from Salvia officinalis L. during the synthesis of a waterborne polyurethane urea (WBPUU). Additionally, to guarantee a successful printing performance, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a well-known rheology modulator, have been added after the synthesis process. In order to predict the behaviour of the inks in DIW, the rheological properties of the inks with and without the Salvia extract and the CNC have been studied. The results showed that the incorporation of Salvia extract into the WBPUU ink resulted in a decrease of the viscosity, yield point and storage modulus, obtaining an ink that cannot maintain the shape after being printed. On the contrary, the incorporation of the CNC into the WBPUU/Salvia ink increased the aforementioned rheological parameters leading to the obtaining of pieces presenting a good shape fidelity without compromising their printability. Finally, scaffolds were prepared from the printed pieces by freeze-drying technique and were tested against Gram negative Escherichia coli and Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus. The scaffolds containing CNC and Salvia showed bactericide behaviour against both bacteria, which was not seen in the WBPUU matrix, confirming the bioactive capacity of this ink.

Microencapsulation of Red Banana Peel Extract and Bioaccessibility Assessment by In Vitro Digestion

The use of food agricultural wastes as a source of bioactive compounds is an alternative to reduce their environmental impact and generate the possibility of producing value-added products as functional foods. This study aimed to extract and microencapsulate the bioactive compounds from the red banana peel (Musa acuminata Colla AAA “Red”) by spray drying and to evaluate the bioaccessibility of the bioactive compounds by in vitro digestion. The microencapsulation of bioactive compounds was carried out using two wall materials gum arabic (GA) and soy protein isolate (SPI). Microencapsulation using GA and SPI proved to be an effective technique to protect the phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of banana peel extract under in vitro digestion conditions. The extract without the encapsulation process suffered a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity after in vitro digestion. Although microcapsules with SPI held the bioactive compounds for longer in the matrix, no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in bioactive compounds retention after in vitro digestion was observed between the microcapsules with GA or SPI. These results indicate that the microcapsules obtained may be used in the food industry as potential ingredients for developing functional foods to promote health benefits.

Bone Quantification Around Chitosan-Coated Titanium Dental Implants: A Preliminary Study by Micro-CT Analysis in Jaw of a Canine Model.

Surface treatments of Ti in the dental implant industry are performed with the aim of in-creasing its bioactivity and osseointegration capacity. Chitosan (Cht) is a polysaccharide that has been proposed as a promising biomaterial in tissue engineering and bone regeneration, due to its ability to stimulate the recruitment and adhesion of osteogenic progenitor cells. The aim of our preliminary study was to evaluate, by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), the osseointegration and bone formation around Cht-coated implants and to compare them with conventional surface-etched implants (SLA type). Four im-plants (8.5 mm length × 3.5 mm Ø) per hemiarch, were inserted into the jaws of five dogs, divided into two groups: chitosan-coated implant group (ChtG) and control group (CG). Twelve weeks after surgery, euthanasia was performed, and sectioned bone blocks were obtained and scanned by micro-CT and two bone parameters were measured: bone in contact with the implant surface (BCIS) and peri-implant bone area (PIBA). For BCIS and PIBA statistically significant values were obtained for the ChtG group with respect to CG (p = 0.005; p = 0.014 and p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The results, despite the limitations, demonstrated the usefulness of chitosan coatings. However, studies with larger sample sizes and adequate experimental models would be necessary to confirm the results.

Dietary fibre in processed murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) berries: bioactive components and antioxidant capacity.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05416-1.

Novel Coconut Vinegar Attenuates Hepatic and Vascular Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet.

BackgroundHypercholesterolemia is an independent modifiable risk factor that accelerates the development of both non-alcoholic fatty liver and atherosclerosis. Coconut water contains a variety of phytochemicals that make it appealing for producing vinegar. Coconut vinegar is rapidly gaining popularity for health benefits in Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of daily supplementation of coconut vinegar on hepatic and vascular oxidative stress in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD).MethodsMature coconut water was fermented with coconut sap sugar using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti vat Europeans, respectively. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of coconut vinegar were examined in vitro. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups; the control group fed a standard diet (S), a group that received HCD (SC), a group that received HCD supplemented with coconut vinegar at a dose of 1 mL/kg/day (SCV), and a group that received HCD with atorvastatin at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day (SCA). After 8 weeks, serum metabolic profiles, fatty liver, hepatic, and vascular oxidative stress were determined.ResultsIn in vitro studies, coconut vinegar was rich in phenolic compounds and organic acids. The antioxidant capacity of 30 μL of coconut vinegar was 181.55 ± 8.15 μM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). In the HCD fed rats, daily supplementation of coconut vinegar reduced weight gain, serum triglycerides, and fasting blood sugar levels without renal or liver toxicity. In the liver, coconut vinegar reduced the accumulation of both hepatic cholesterol and hepatic triglyceride, and it also reduced hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) lipid peroxidation. In the aortic tissues, coconut vinegar increased nitric oxide bioavailability and reduced aortic 4-HNE lipid peroxidation.ConclusionNovel coconut vinegar is the source of antioxidants, and daily supplementation of coconut vinegar was found to attenuate dyslipidemia-induced hepatic and vascular oxidative stress by protective against cellular lipid peroxidation.

Effect of extraction conditions on the antioxidant compounds from habanero pepper ( Capsicum chinense ) and its potential use as antimicrobial

Habanero pepper is a good source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity; however, up to now, some factors for increasing their extraction have not been investigated yet. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of solid-to-solvent ratio (1:250, 1:45, and 1:25 w/V), temperature (20, 35, and 50°C), and time (6, 15, and 24 hr) on the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity from habanero pepper following a Box–Behnken design. The optimal extract was evaluated in its capsaicinoids content by HPLC and as an antimicrobial against two foodborne pathogens. The response surface models adequately adjusted (R2 > .75) experimental data of bioactive compounds extraction from habanero pepper in the ranges of the variables proposed. Extract obtained under the optimal conditions (1:250 w/V, 50°C, and 24 hr) contains 1,617.9 mg/100 g and 628.0 mg/100 g of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, respectively, showing a reduction of 1.23 ± 0.14 and 2.37 ± 0.10 log cycles for S. Typhimurium and S. aureus, respectively. Novelty impact statement Extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources is currently on the rise. However, regardless the use of traditional or novel extraction technologies is necessary for the evaluation of factors that may affect the yield of bioactive compounds extraction. Habanero pepper is a well-known source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, until the moment, the effect of factors, such as temperature, time, solid-to-solvent ratio, etc., has been scarcely studied. Thus, this study may be a good starting point for future research on the extraction of bioactive compounds from the habanero pepper and find potential applications in food, biotechnological, pharmaceutical, among other industries.

Postharvest treatment with 1‐methylcyclopropene and chitosan enhances the antioxidant capacity and maintains the quality of Hui jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Huizao) during cold storage

This study evaluated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), chitosan (CTS), and combined 1-MCP and CTS (1-MCP&CTS) on the postharvest quality, bioactive compounds, antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant capacity in Hui jujube during cold storage (0 ± 1°C and 90% ± 5% relative humidity for 75 d). The 1-MCP&CTS treatment inhibited respiration rate and ethylene production, delayed the degradation of total soluble solids and titratable acid, and alleviated the decreases in total polyphenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid during storage. Compared to the control fruit, 1-MCP&CTS treatment resulted in higher activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase and higher antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant enzymes and negatively correlated with respiration rate and ethylene production. The results suggest that 1-MCP and CTS can be applied to maintain the antioxidant systems and delay the senescence of jujube fruit. Novelty impact statement The effects of 1-MCP, CTS, and 1-MCP&CTS during jujube storage were evaluated. Among treatments, the combined treatment had the best preservation effect. 1-MCP&CTS maintained bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and storage quality of Hui jujube.

Effects of Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying on Bioactive and Volatile Compounds of Smoke Powder Food Flavouring

Transforming liquid smoke to powder form can provide convenience for use and storage. Liquid smoke was prepared by fast pyrolysis technology using a fluidised bed and converted to smoke powder by spray-drying or freeze-drying processes. Both drying processes effectively retained the bioactive compounds in the powder encapsulates with retention efficiencies up to 80%. The bioactive capacities were approximately two times higher than liquid smoke. Spray-drying did not induce thermal damage to the bioactive compounds, and the dominant compounds were retained in the powders. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and principal component analysis indicated that the chemical composition was not significantly changed after both drying methods, but small molecular carbonyls, furans and phenols were partially lost. The spray-dried particles had a spherical shape, while freeze-dried particles had irregular shapes because of different powder preparation methods. The particle size of spray-dried powders was in the range of 6.3 to 6.9 µm, while the value for freeze-dried powders was decreased from 580.4 to 134.7 µm by increasing the maltodextrin concentration. The freeze-dried powders performed better in terms of flowability and cohesiveness because of their relatively high density and large particle size. This study revealed that both encapsulation methods could efficiently prepare smoke powder. Spray-drying process would be suitable for large-scale production, while freeze-drying could be used to optimize the encapsulation efficiency of bioactive compounds.