Bio-succinic Acid Research Articles

Multi-objectives optimization on microwave-assisted-biological-based biogas upgrading and bio-succinic acid production

This study represents the first investigation of bio-succinic acid (bio-SA) production with methane enrichment using carbon-dioxide-fixating bacteria in the co-culture of ragi tapai and macroalgae, Chaetomorpha. Microwave irradiation has also been introduced to enhance the biochemical processes as it could provide rapid and selective heating of substrates. In this research, microwave irradiation was applied on ragi tapai as a pre-treatment process. Factors such as microwave irradiation dose on ragi tapai, Chaetomorpha ratio in the co-culture, and pH value were studied. Optimal conditions were identified using Design-Expert software, resulting in optimal experimental biomethane and bio-SA production of 85.7 % and 0.65 g/L, respectively, at a microwave dose of 1.45 W/g, Chaetomorpha ratio of 0.9 and pH value of 7.8. The study provides valuable insights into microwave control for promoting simultaneous methane enrichment and bio-SA production, potentially reducing costs associated with CO2 capture and storage and biogas upgrading.

Continuous design and technoeconomic assessment of commercial‐scale biorefinery processes for the production of succinic acid

AbstractSuccinic acid is recognized as a key component in the production of various commercially important chemical commodities. Technical‐economic analysis can provide valuable insights into the feasibility of large‐scale biochemical production of succinic acid. In this study, the effects of scale on the design of a biorefinery using sugarcane bagasse were evaluated using a detailed process modeling methodology. Four processes were simulated and compared, three based on patents from biosuccinic acid (bio‐SA) manufacturing companies and one based on a process economic program report (PEP). This methodology allowed for the analysis of scale benefits for each technological route. A comprehensive economic evaluation was conducted by comparing the biochemical processes in terms of investment and production costs, as well as the minimum selling price (MSP) of bio‐SA. Results show that the MSP of more promising process designs ranged from 3105 to 2095 $ t−1, which is compatible with the cost of petrochemical‐based succinic acid. Moreover, for capacities above 90 kt year−1, the MSP remains virtually constant, and every process evaluated revealed a breakdown in the project economy of scale. A sensitivity and risk analysis was carried out to evaluate the impacts of several process parameters on the project's technoeconomic analysis, resulting in bio‐SA selling price and investment costs as parameters with the highest impact on economic viability.

Biotechnological Biosuccinic acid (Bio-SA) production from green microalgae Chlorella sp. hydrolysate: Synergistic effect of agitation and substrate concentration assessment using RSM

This paper evaluates the potential of Chlorella sp. microalgae biomass as a feedstock for biosuccinic acid (bio-SA) production via the fermentation process. In this study, the biomass was pretreated and hydrolyzed using a mild acid before being fermented with Actinobacillus succinogenes. The influence of the initial biomass concentration and agitation rate on bio-SA production during batch fermentation was evaluated using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design. The results of the study indicated that Chlorella sp. microalgae biomass contained various types of sugars, with glucose identified as the dominant reducing sugar in the Chlorella sp. hydrolysate. According to the RSM analysis, the study showed that changes in the initial biomass concentration and agitation rate could significantly affect bio-SA production from Chlorella sp. hydrolysate. The highest bio-SA concentration of 14.56 g/L with a yield of 0.62 g/g was achieved when fermentation was performed using 10% (w/v) biomass at 150 rpm. Therefore, this study suggests that Chlorella sp. hydrolysate can be an alternative and renewable feedstock for efficient bio-SA production.

Harnessing tobacco stem biomass for eco-friendly xylo-oligomers production via hydrothermal treatment and succinic acid via fermentation

The integration of processes offers promising avenues for valorization of the tobacco waste, enabling the production of commercially significant compounds beyond traditional tobacco leaves designation. This research delves into the feasibility of extracting xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from tobacco stems via hydrothermal pretreatment. Emphasis was laid on XOS release kinetics from high solid loads (20% w/v) during pretreatment. The optimal conditions, which facilitated maximum oligomer recovery with minimal degradation compounds and reducing sugar solubilization, were then scaled up. The resultant solid fraction underwent enzymatic hydrolysis at varied solid loads (5%, 10%, and 15% w/v). Subsequent to this, succinic acid production was targeted, propelling the optimal enzymatic hydrolysate towards fermentation using the bacterium Actinobacillus succinogenes. Key findings revealed that a temperature of 190 °C during 8-min emerged as the most effective pretreatment conditions, yielding XOS at 49.54% with a concentration of 11.11 g.L−1. Enzymatic hydrolysis remained relatively uninfluenced by variations in solid loads, thereby permitting the use of high solid loads (15% w/v) to obtain concentrated hydrolysates at 49.37 g.L−1 with a conversion yield of 62.90%. Markedly, this study pioneered the demonstration of tobacco waste as a viable precursor for biosuccinic acid synthesis. Succinic acid concentration stood at 16.88 g.L−1, achieving a yield of 42%. A comprehensive mass balance evaluation spotlighted the potential to derive 56 kg of XOS and 78 kg of succinic acid per 1000 kg of tobacco raw biomass by the process developed herein.

Identifying uncertainty in the global warming impacts of biomaterials: an analysis of biosuccinic acid

Identifying uncertainty in the global warming impacts of biomaterials: an analysis of biosuccinic acid

Synergistic fermenter-electrolytic cell integration and phenomena-based process intensification for competitive bio-succinic acid production

The production of bio-succinic acid through fermentation presents a promising strategy for obtaining building-block chemicals from renewable sources. However, the limited yield of bio-succinic acid from fermentation and the complex purification procedures have hindered its competitiveness against petroleum-based succinic acid. One way to tackle this challenge is to develop a more efficient and sustainable production route, that is to integrate process synthesis with process intensification. In the present study, an existing flowsheet from our previous work based on process synthesis on bio-succinic acid batch fermentation was selected and subjected to heuristic and phenomena-based process intensification approaches. The heuristic approach involved integrating an electrolytic cell with the fermenter, employing an anionic exchange membrane for continuous extraction of organic acids. The resulting modified process flowsheet served as a base case for a systematic phenomena-based process intensification approach. Through this approach, intensified unit operations, such as an electro-membrane reactor and a membrane crystallizer, were generated. A total of 114 intensified process flowsheet alternatives were developed and ranked according to an enthalpy index. The top-ranked alternatives were evaluated in terms of economic performance and environmental impact. Notably, all analyzed process flowsheets exhibited improved indicators, with a minimum selling price below that of petroleum-based succinic acid (approximately $2 kg−1).

Modeling the effect of CO2 limitation in continuous fermentation for biosuccinic acid production

The present work investigates a new mathematical formulation for the continuous fermentation production of biosuccinic acid. The model takes into account the effect of CO2 limitation by the introduction of a specific production rate term that dynamically regulates the formation of the fermentation products. A good model prediction is achieved at different continuous conditions where glucose and sugars-rich industrial waste are utilized as substrates. By model prediction and experimental results, a change in the products ratio is observed when the liquid concentration of CO2 decreases below 0.18 g/L. A biosuccinic acid titer of 14.94 ± 0.97 g/L was achieved in the continuous process, with a maximum productivity of 1.18 g/L h, and a CO2 uptake rate of 0.258 ± 0.041 g/Lh. Overall, the presented model demonstrated to be a reliable tool to successfully forecast the fermentation outcomes and explain the CO2 limitation effects on the product and by-products formation rate. Furthermore, the application of the model to the fermentation process presents a valuable link between the production capacity and the accurate prediction of the CO2 uptake potential.

Hydrogen Depolarized Anode Assisted pH Shift Electrolysis: An Experimental Analysis

Prominent purification challenges such as carbon capture, lithium-ion recovery from aqueous solutions, and isolation of carboxylic acids from fermentation broths are often tackled by downstream process concepts that rely on pH gradients as the driving force for separation. For this purpose, the sole use of acids and bases is only tolerable if the jointly produced co-salts are in demand on the market or are disposable at acceptable costs. However, neither of those alternatives recycles the salt for reuse as acid and base despite several regeneration methods suggested in the literature [1]. Next to thermal salt splitting, the pH shift electrolysis is intensively researched to this end [2,3]. The latter is a particularly attractive technique due to the growing availability of renewable electricity from wind and photovoltaic power plants. Conventional water electrolysis produces oxygen and protons at the anode and hydrogen and hydroxide ions at the cathode. The migration of either ion across the membrane keeps the charge balanced and the pH constant in both chambers. In pH shift electrolysis, a salt is added as an electrolyte providing excess ions for the charge transfer between both chambers. Thus, protons at the anode and hydroxide ions at the cathode are largely retained in their respective chambers generating the intended pH difference.If the added salt behaves electrochemically inert, the minimum voltage for the cell to deliver a faradaic current by splitting water is 1.229 V. A less energy-intensive alternative is offered by incorporating a hydrogen depolarized anode (HDA). It suppresses the oxygen evolution reaction by providing hydrogen as an oxidation reagent. The cell’s open circuit voltage (OCV) can thus be reduced to 0 V. The minimum potential difference in both setups diverges when the anolyte turns acidic and the catholyte alkaline. A pH of 1 in the anolyte and 14 in the catholyte increases the OCV in a conventional pH shift cell to 1.996 V and in a HDA-incorporating cell to 0.767 V. Nevertheless, the energetic advantage of the latter remains apparent.Recently, several journal articles have been published applying the HDA technology to various use cases [4-6]. However, a sole investigation of the cell with an electrochemically inert salt, e.g., sodium sulfate, has not been fully addressed. The presentation demonstrates successful pH shifts with a HDA-incorporating two-chamber cell over a range of stationary operating points. The suppression of the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode is highlighted. Moreover, the overall cell voltage constituents are analyzed using Luggin-Haber capillaries, conductivity probes, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.[1] López-Garzón, C. S., & Straathof, A. J. (2014). Recovery of carboxylic acids produced by fermentation. Biotechnol. Adv., 32(5), 873-904. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.002[2] Gausmann, M., Kiefel, R., & Jupke, A. (2023). Modeling of electrochemical pH swing extraction reveals economic potential for closed-loop bio-succinic acid production. Chem Eng Res Des, 190, 590-604. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.12.022[3] Kocks, C., Wall, D., & Jupke, A. (2022). Evaluation of a Prototype for Electrochemical pH-Shift Crystallization of Succinic Acid. Materials, 15(23), 8412. DOI: 10.3390/ma15238412[4] Kuntke, P., Rodríguez Arredondo, M., Widyakristi, L., Ter Heijne, A., Sleutels, T. H., Hamelers, H. V., & Buisman, C. J. (2017). Hydrogen gas recycling for energy efficient ammonia recovery in electrochemical systems. Environ. Sci. Technol., 51(5), 3110-3116. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06097[5] Shu, Q., Legrand, L., Kuntke, P., Tedesco, M., & Hamelers, H. V. (2020). Electrochemical regeneration of spent alkaline absorbent from direct air capture. Environ. Sci. Technol., 54(14), 8990-8998. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01977[6] Sacré, N., Faral, M., Chenitz, R., Mokrini, A., Huot, J. Y., Bouchard, P., Bibienne, T., Magnan, J.-F. and Laroche, N. & Dollé, M. (2022). Hydrogen depolarized anodes with liquid anolyte: proof of concept. Electrocatalysis, 13, 139–153. DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00700-8

Development of highly efficient and specific base editors in Actinobacillus succinogenes for enhancing succinic acid production

The production of bio-succinic acid (SA) from renewable feedstocks is a promising and sustainable approach to mitigating the high carbon emissions associated with the current energy crisis. Actinobacillus succinogenes was recognized as one of the most promising SA producers; however, lack of genetic background and the scarcity of genetic manipulation tools hinder the improvement in A. succinogenes by metabolic engineering. Here, for the first time, we successfully developed a series of A. succinogenes base editors (BEs) mediated by the fusion of Cas9 nickase and deaminase, including CBE, ABE, Td-GABE, and Td-CBE. Among these, ABE and Td-CBE based on a fusion of Cas9 nickase and TadA-8e variant (Escherichia coli TadA) can efficiently convert A to G and C to T, respectively, with editing efficiencies of up to 100%. We also investigated the multiplex base editing of ABE and Td-CBE, and the results showed that the editing efficiency of ABE reached 100% for six sites and 10% editing efficiency of Td-CBE for two sites. In addition, cytosine base editors were applied to inactivate hypothetical sugar and SA transporters of A. succinogenes. We found that the inactivation of Asuc_0914 encoding sucrose-specific IIBC subunit enhanced SA production, while the inactivation of hypothetical SA transporters Asuc_0715 and Asuc_0716 significantly reduced SA production. Therefore, the tools have great application potential in the metabolic engineering of A. succinogenes.

Recent Advancements and Strategies of Improving CO2 Utilization Efficiency in Bio-Succinic Acid Production

The production of bio-based succinic acid through microbial CO2 fixation and conversion has gained significant attention as a promising approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, the low CO2 utilization efficiency limits the efficient biosynthesis of succinic acid. Therefore, it is crucial from environmental and economic perspectives to enhance the efficiency of CO2 utilization in bio-succinic acid production. This review comprehensively covers the introduction of biosynthetic pathways for microbial CO2 fixation and the conversion of CO2 to succinic acid, as well as the challenges associated with CO2 supply and utilization effectiveness. Moreover, strategies including genetic and metabolic engineering for CO2 fixation, extracellular supply methods of CO2 and some potential technical approaches for CO2 capture (such as micro-nano bubbles, CO2 adsorption material and biofilm) are summarized and presented.

Bio-succinic acid production, up to pilot scale, by fermentation of industrial candy waste with Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z and its downstream purification process

Nowadays, the global community faces a worldwide challenge concerning the minimization of carbon emissions. Significant efforts are being conducted to apply environmental-friendly processes, such as the production of succinic acid by utilizing waste residual streams through a biorefinery approach. In this context, this study aimed to upscale the fermentative production (batch mode) of succinic acid (SA) by Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z from an industrial candy residue. Process performance (titer, productivity, yield) was assessed at different operating conditions such as CO2 headspace gas overpressure (0, 0.4, 1.0, and 1.4 atm), initial sugars concentration (about 70, 95, 117 g L−1), yeast (10, 15 g L−1) and MgCO3 (0, 10 g L−1) concentration in fermentation media using two different batches of an industrial candy residue batches. SA concentration varied in the range of 37.78 ± 0.02–39.94 ± 0.04 g L−1 both in lab and pilot trials with yields of up to 0.74 (g g−1). Finally, a successful downstream concept for SA purification (pre-purification, membrane filtration, ion-exchange, vacuum distillation, and crystallization) was investigated. High purity (up to 93.5 ± 1.8 %) and SA crystallization recovery (up to 86.7 ± 3.2 %) was achieved from the fermentation broths.

Continuous production of succinic acid from glycerol: A complete experimental and computational study

In this work, a bioprocess for the fermentation of A. succinogenes for the production of succinic acid from glycerol was developed, employing a continuous bioreactor with recycle. Moreover, a new bioprocess model was constructed, based on an existing double substrate limitation model, which was validated with experimental results for a range of operating parameters. The model was used to successfully predict the dynamics of the continuous fermentation process and was subsequently employed in optimisation studies to compute the optimal conditions, dilution rate, reflux rate and feed glycerol concentration, that maximise the productivity of bio-succinic acid. In addition, a Pareto front for optimal volumetric productivity and glycerol conversion combinations was computed. Maximum volumetric productivity of 0.518 g/L/h, was achieved at the optimal computed conditions, which were experimentally validated. This is the highest bio-succinic acid productivity reported so far, for such a continuous bioprocess.

Succinic acid: applications and microbial production using organic wastes as low cost substrates

Abstract Succinic acid is a valuable organic acid with a high commercial value that may be employed in a variety of sectors including food, cosmetics, and chemistry. Through bacterial fermentation, succinic acid can be easily produced. This paper includes a broad body of literature assessment spanning the previous two decades on the evaluation of succinic acid (SA) production procedures in to further drive research toward membrane-based sustainable and affordable production. The best natural method of SA producer is through Actinobacillus succinogenes. The process of microbial fermentation is used to produce bio-succinic acid utilizing agro-industrial waste. There are different methods under metabolic engineering which are being frequently used for bio-based succinic acid production using representative microorganisms, such as Mannheimia succiniciproducens, Pichia kudriavzevii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Actinobacillus succinogenes, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Basfia succiniciproducens, and Escherichia coli. This review summarizes the evolution of microbial production, fermentative methods, various organic substrates and the effects of efforts to recover and refine components for a wide range of applications in the perspective of biologically produced succinic acid for commercialization state.

Scenario-based life cycle assessment and environmental monetary valuation of biosuccinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass

Succinic acid (SA) is a valuable platform chemical produced via bio-based and fossil-based routes. Both routes need to be compared from an environmental sustainability perspective. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) followed by a monetary valuation of the environmental impacts of biosuccinic acid (BioSA) production from lignocellulosic biomass is presented in this paper. Three biorefining scenarios are studied. Scenario 1 employs C-6 and C-5 sugars to produce BioSA, while C-5 sugar is derived to produce furfural and biogas in scenario 2 and 3, respectively. The three scenarios cogenerate electricity using the biogas produced from C-5 sugars in scenario 3 and the residual lignin in all three scenarios. These scenarios are compared against a fossil-based succinic acid (SA) production route. ReCiPe midpoint and endpoint impacts were considered in the analysis. The analysis of midpoint impact categories showed that the feedstock production and transportation stages, as well as the pretreatment process of biorefining stage, are the most important contributors to the environmental impact of BioSA production. Endpoint impacts and monetary valuation showed that scenario 1 scored the lowest environmental cost followed by scenario 3, the fossil-based route, and scenario 2 with 1.48, 2.04, 2.24, and 3.05 USD/kg BioSA, respectively. Sensitivity analysis for monetary valuation suggested that the environmental costs are highly sensitive to damage to human health, and variations in damage to resources have minimum impact on the environmental cost.

Simultaneous biosuccinic production and biogas upgrading: Exploring the potential of sugar-based confectionery waste within a biorefinery concept

The imminent need for fossil fuel independence in EU countries has led to an increased development of organic waste valorisation technologies for the production of biomethane and chemical building blocks, such as bio-succinic acid (SA). In this work, the potential of two confectionery waste, in the form of wastewater (SCWW) or a side-stream rejection (SSCW), as inexpensive carbon sources for simultaneous SA production and biogas upgrading was evaluated for the first time. Both substrates were tested batchwise with evolved Actinobacillus succinogenes cultures at different nutrient conditions, SSCW at 100 g L−1 resulting in the highest titres/productivities (∼80 g L−1 and 1.3 g L−1h−1, respectively). Then, simultaneous biogas upgrading under continuous gas feeding was studied at bioreactor-scale, higher gas residence times and pressurization leading to desirable biomethane purities (>98%). The research here conducted is crucial for the cost-effectiveness and scale-up of the technology along this new waste-based biorefinery concept.

Enhanced direct gaseous CO2 fixation into higher bio-succinic acid production and selectivity

Utilizing CO2 for bio-succinic acid production is an attractive approach to achieve carbon capture and recycling (CCR) with simultaneous production of a useful platform chemical. Actinobacillus succinogenes and Basfia succiniciproducens were selected and investigated as microbial catalysts. Firstly, the type and concentration of inorganic carbon concentration and glucose concentration were evaluated. 6 g C/L MgCO3 and 24 g C/L glucose were found to be the optimal basic operational conditions, with succinic acid production and carbon yield of over 30 g/L and over 40%, respectively. Then, for maximum gaseous CO2 fixation, carbonate was replaced with CO2 at different ratios. The “less carbonate more CO2” condition of the inorganic carbon source was set as carbonate: CO2 = 1:9 (based on the mass of carbon). This condition presented the highest availability of CO2 by well-balanced chemical reaction equilibrium and phase equilibrium, showing the best performance with regarding CO2 fixation (about 15 mg C/(L·hr)), with suppressed lactic acid accumulation. According to key enzymes analysis, the ratio of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to lactic dehydrogenase was enhanced at high ratios of gaseous CO2, which could promote glucose conversion through the succinic acid path. To further increase gaseous CO2 fixation and succinic acid production and selectivity, stepwise CO2 addition was evaluated. 50%-65% increase in inorganic carbon utilization was obtained coupled with 20%-30% increase in succinic acid selectivity. This was due to the promotion of the succinic acid branch of the glucose metabolism, while suppressing the pyruvate branch, along with the inhibition on the conversion from glucose to lactic acid.

Bio-Succinic Acid Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Enterococcus gallinarum with Sequential Purification of Biogas

Bio-succinic acid production using microorganisms has been interesting as an environmentally friendly process. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) was considered as a cheap substrate to lower the cost of production. It was revealed that 2-fold diluted POME produced more succinic acid than undiluted and 5-fold diluted POME. In addition, the effects of various neutralizing agents on succinic acid production utilized to manage pH and CO2 supply indicated that the utilization of MgCO3 as a neutralizing agent produced succinic acid of 11.5 g/L with a small amount of by-product synthesis. Plackett–Burman Design (PBD) was used to screen the most significant nutrients for bio-succinic acid production from 2-fold diluted POME using E. gallinarum. From the Pareto chart, MgCO3 and peptone presented the highest positive effect on the production of succinic acid. In addition, Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was conducted to increase bio-succinic acid production. Experiments showed the highest production of succinic acid of 23.7 g/L with the addition of 22.5 g/L MgCO3 and 12.0 g/L peptone in 2-fold diluted POME. Moreover, the experiment of replacing MgCO3 with CO2 from biogas resulted in 19.1 g/L of succinic acid, simultaneously creating the high purity of biogas and a higher CH4 content.

Modeling of electrochemical pH swing extraction reveals economic potential for closed-loop bio-succinic acid production

Resource-efficient separation processes are a vital technology for the success of renewable chemicals. Electrochemical pH swing separation has the potential to overcome the unsustainable consumption of acid and base and eventual salt-waste production, which was found a major hurdle in the industrialization of bio-succinic acid production. It furthermore enables the in situ product recovery by reactive extraction and the recycling of an alkaline stream into the fermentation for pH control. A dynamic model of a bio-succinic acid fermentation and electrochemical recovery process is developed. The fermentation is fed with waste glycerol and carbon dioxide, the co-products of biodiesel and bioethanol plants, respectively. Succinic acid is separated by an electrochemically induced pH shift reactive extraction. The model-based investigation of this electrochemical extraction apparatus analyzes kinetic phenomena, operative boundaries, and sensitivities towards changes in the cell geometry. The potential for closed-loop operation of bio-succinic acid fermentation and electrochemical pH swing extraction for product recovery and base regeneration is examined. In contrast to a sequential operation of fermentation and extraction, the in situ product removal of succinic acid allows for utilization of feedstocks with substrate concentrations of up to 99 wt% without the need for an additional diluting water feed. The concentrated feedstock and the electrochemical in situ separation of succinic acid cause a rise in downstream process yield by 26.2% and process productivity by 35.6%. The consumption of pH control agent is reduced by 88.7% compared to the sequential operation.

Development of Alkali-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment and SHF Process for Production of Bio-Succinic Acid from Barley Straw

Soo-Yeon Kim, Sung-Min Park, Kwang-Soo Kim, Ji-Eun Lee, Da-Hee An, Dong-Chil Jang and Young-Lok Cha. Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal 2022;37:166-74. https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2022.37.4.166

Liquid hot water pretreatment combined with high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis and fed-batch fermentation for succinic acid sustainable processed from sugarcane bagasse

In order to sustainable process of bio-succinic acid (SA), response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize liquid hot water pretreatment pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), followed by high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated residual that without washing, then the hydrolysates and partial pretreatment liquid were used as carbon sources for SA fermentation. Results showed that the highest sugars yield could be achieved at pretreatment conditions of temperature 186 °C, time 25 min and solid-to-liquid ratio 0.08; enzymatic digestion the pretreated residuals at 20 % (w/v) solid content via enzymes reconstruction and fed-batch strategy, the obtained sugars reached to 121 g/L; by controlling the nutrition and conditions of the fermentation process, most of the C5 and C6 sugars in the hydrolysate and pretreatment liquid were converted into SA with a conversion rate high to 280 mg/g SCB. This study can provide a novel clue for clean and efficient biorefining of chemicals.