Binocular Correlation Research Articles

Robust natural depth for anticorrelated random dot stereogram for edge stimuli, but minimal reversed depth for embedded circular stimuli, irrespective of eccentricity.

The small differences between the images formed in our left and right eyes are an important cue to the three-dimensional structure of scenes. These disparities are encoded by binocular neurons in the visual cortex. At the earliest stage of processing, these respond to binocular correlation between images. We assessed the perception of depth in anticorrelated stimuli, in which the contrast polarity in one eye is reversed, as a function of their location in the retinal image, and their depth configuration (a horizontal edge or a circle surrounded by an annulus) We found that, regardless of stimulus eccentricity, participants perceived depth in the natural direction for edge stimuli, and weakened, reversed depth for circular stimuli.

Inter-eye Differences in Ocular Biometric Parameters of Concomitant Exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular biometric parameters in patients with constant and intermittent exotropia by the measurement of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) optical biometer OA-2000 and comparing it with the normal control subjects.Design: Cross-sectional case-control study.Participants: Fifty-five constant and 24 intermittent patients with exotropia with central fixation and 77 orthotropic normal control participants aged 4–18 years old.Methods: Non-contact and high-resolution optical biometric OA-2000 measurements were conducted under uniform ambient light conditions. The statistical analysis included intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plot, and independent t-tests.Main Outcome Measures: Spherical equivalent (SE), ocular biological parameters such as pupil diameter (PD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and axial lengths (AL). The absolute values of inter-eye differences for SE, PD, ACD, LT, and AL were recorded as AnisoSE, AnisoPD, AnisoACD, AnisoLT, and AnisoAL, respectively.Results: AnisoSE (0.878 vs. 0.577, P = 0.019), AnisoAL (0.395 vs. 0.208, P = 0.001), AnisoACD (0.060 vs. 0.032, P < 0.001), AnisoLT (0.060 vs. 0.031, P = 0.002), and AnisoPD (0.557 vs. 0.340, P = 0.002) were significantly larger in concomitant patients with exotropia. The SE, AL, ACD, LT, and PD showed excellent binocular correlation with ICC values that ranged from 0.943 to 0.987 in control participants and from 0.767 to 0.955 in concomitant exotropia patients. Bland-Altman plots showed the wider range of agreement in patients with concomitant exotropia than the control participants (SE: 5.0288 vs. 3.3258; AL: 2.2146 vs. 1.3172; ACD:0.3243 vs. 0.1682; PD: 2.4691 vs. 1.9241; and LT:0.3723 vs 0.1858).Conclusion: Patients with concomitant exotropia showed larger inter-eye differences in SE, ACD, LT, PD, and AL. Advice should be given to suspicious children to avoid or delay the development of concomitant exotropia.

Two Eyes Are Better Than One: Exploiting Binocular Correlation for Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Grading.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common eye conditions among diabetic patients. However, vision loss occurs primarily in the late stages of DR, and the symptoms of visual impairment, ranging from mild to severe, can vary greatly, adding to the burden of diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. Deep learning methods based on retinal images have achieved remarkable success in automatic DR grading, but most of them neglect that the presence of diabetes usually affects both eyes, and ophthalmologists usually compare both eyes concurrently for DR diagnosis, leaving correlations between left and right eyes unexploited. In this study, simulating the diagnostic process, we propose a two-stream binocular network to capture the subtle correlations between left and right eyes, in which, paired images of eyes are fed into two identical subnetworks separately during training. We design a contrastive grading loss to learn binocular correlation for five-class DR detection, which maximizes inter-class dissimilarity while minimizing the intra-class difference. Experimental results on the EyePACS dataset show the superiority of the proposed binocular model, outperforming monocular methods by a large margin.Clinical relevance- Compared to conventional DR grading methods based on monocular images, our approach can provide more accurate predictions and extract graphical patterns from retinal images of both eyes for clinical reference.

Repeatability, interocular correlation and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography macular metrics in healthy subjects

PurposeTo investigate the repeatability, interocular correlation and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) metrics in healthy subjects.MethodsThirty-three healthy normal subjects were enrolled. The macula was scanned four...

50 Years of Stereoblindness: Reconciliation of a Continuum of Disparity Detectors With Blindness for Disparity in Near or Far Depth.

Whitman Richards (1932–2016) discovered some 50 years ago that about 30% of observers from the normal population exhibit stereoblindness: the disability to process binocular disparities in either far or near depth. We review the literature on stereoblindness entailing two insights. First, contemporary scholars in stereopsis undervalue the comprehension that disparity processing studies require precise assessments of observers’ stereoblindness. We argue that this frequently leads to suboptimal interpretations. Second, there is still an open conundrum: How can the established finding that disparity is processed by a continuum of detectors be reconciled with the disability of many observers to process a whole class of far or near disparities? We propose, based upon integration of literature, that an asymmetry between far and near disparity detection at birth—being present for a variety of reasons—can suppress the typical formation of binocular correlation during the critical period for the development of stereopsis early in life, thereby disabling a whole class of far or near disparities.

Neurons in Striate Cortex Signal Disparity in Half-Matched Random-Dot Stereograms

Human stereopsis can operate in dense "cyclopean" images containing no monocular objects. This is believed to depend on the computation of binocular correlation by neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). The observation that humans perceive depth in half-matched random-dot stereograms, although these stimuli have no net correlation, has led to the proposition that human depth perception in these stimuli depends on a distinct "matching" computation possibly performed in extrastriate cortex. However, recording from disparity-selective neurons in V1 of fixating monkeys, we found that they are in fact able to signal disparity in half-matched stimuli. We present a simple model that explains these results. This reinstates the view that disparity-selective neurons in V1 provide the initial substrate for perception in dense cyclopean stimuli, and strongly suggests that separate correlation and matching computations are not necessary to explain existing data on mixed correlation stereograms. The initial step in stereoscopic 3D vision is generally thought to be a correlation-based computation that takes place in striate cortex. Recent research has argued that there must be an additional matching computation involved in extracting stereoscopic depth in random-dot stereograms. This is based on the observation that humans can perceive depth in stimuli with a mean binocular correlation of zero (where a correlation-based mechanism should not signal depth). We show that correlation-based cells in striate cortex do in fact signal depth here because they convert fluctuations in the correlation level into a mean change in the firing rate. Our results reinstate the view that these cells provide a sufficient substrate for the perception of stereoscopic depth.

Weighted parallel contributions of binocular correlation and match signals to conscious perception of depth.

Binocular disparity is detected in the primary visual cortex by a process similar to calculation of local cross-correlation between left and right retinal images. As a consequence, correlation-based neural signals convey information about false disparities as well as the true disparity. The false responses in the initial disparity detectors are eliminated at later stages in order to encode only disparities of the features correctly matched between the two eyes. For a simple stimulus configuration, a feed-forward nonlinear process can transform the correlation signal into the match signal. For human observers, depth judgement is determined by a weighted sum of the correlation and match signals rather than depending solely on the latter. The relative weight changes with spatial and temporal parameters of the stimuli, allowing adaptive recruitment of the two computations under different visual circumstances. A full transformation from correlation-based to match-based representation occurs at the neuronal population level in cortical area V4 and manifests in single-neuron responses of inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortices. Neurons in area V5/MT represent disparity in a manner intermediate between the correlation and match signals. We propose that the correlation and match signals in these areas contribute to depth perception in a weighted, parallel manner.This article is part of the themed issue 'Vision in our three-dimensional world'.

A Single Mechanism Can Account for Human Perception of Depth in Mixed Correlation Random Dot Stereograms.

In order to extract retinal disparity from a visual scene, the brain must match corresponding points in the left and right retinae. This computationally demanding task is known as the stereo correspondence problem. The initial stage of the solution to the correspondence problem is generally thought to consist of a correlation-based computation. However, recent work by Doi et al suggests that human observers can see depth in a class of stimuli where the mean binocular correlation is 0 (half-matched random dot stereograms). Half-matched random dot stereograms are made up of an equal number of correlated and anticorrelated dots, and the binocular energy model—a well-known model of V1 binocular complex cells—fails to signal disparity here. This has led to the proposition that a second, match-based computation must be extracting disparity in these stimuli. Here we show that a straightforward modification to the binocular energy model—adding a point output nonlinearity—is by itself sufficient to produce cells that are disparity-tuned to half-matched random dot stereograms. We then show that a simple decision model using this single mechanism can reproduce psychometric functions generated by human observers, including reduced performance to large disparities and rapidly updating dot patterns. The model makes predictions about how performance should change with dot size in half-matched stereograms and temporal alternation in correlation, which we test in human observers. We conclude that a single correlation-based computation, based directly on already-known properties of V1 neurons, can account for the literature on mixed correlation random dot stereograms.

Binocular correlation model of face preference: how good, how simple?

Developmental ScienceVolume 17, Issue 6 p. 828-830 Commentary Binocular correlation model of face preference: how good, how simple? David Méary, Corresponding Author David Méary Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble and CNRS, Grenoble, FranceAddress for correspondence: David Méary, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5105, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMartial Mermillod, Martial Mermillod Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble and CNRS, Grenoble, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorOlivier Pascalis, Olivier Pascalis Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble and CNRS, Grenoble, FranceSearch for more papers by this author David Méary, Corresponding Author David Méary Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble and CNRS, Grenoble, FranceAddress for correspondence: David Méary, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5105, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMartial Mermillod, Martial Mermillod Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble and CNRS, Grenoble, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorOlivier Pascalis, Olivier Pascalis Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble and CNRS, Grenoble, FranceSearch for more papers by this author First published: 20 June 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12201Citations: 1 This is a commentary on Wilkinson, Paikan, Gredebäck, Rea & Metta ( 2014). Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume17, Issue6November 2014Pages 828-830 RelatedInformation

Tuned Inhibitory Responses in Binocular Natural Images

Binocular neurons in primary visual cortex are typically categorised as either Near, Far, Tuned Excitatory (TE) or Tuned Inhibitory (TI) cells (Poggio & Fischer, 1977, J. Neurophysiol., 40, 1392-1405). Both TI and TE responses may be approximated through differing arrangements of the binocular energy model (Ohzawa, De Angelis & Freeman, 1990, Science, 249, 1037-1041), with TE neurons responding to instances of binocular correlation, and TI neurons responding to a lack of correlation. Differences in the inter-ocular phase or position of receptive fields allow model TE cells to be used for the measurement of binocular disparity. Previous research (Hibbard, 2008, Vision Research, 48, 1427-1439) has examined the responses of these disparity tuned TE neurons to binocular natural images. However, the responses of TI neurons to such images are not clear. We examined these TI responses for a set of binocular natural images, and compared them to responses for random-dot stereograms (RDSs). TI neuron responses were modelled by placing left and right eye receptive fields in anti-phase arrangement. In addition, TI responses were normalised by monocular energy. This provides a response with a range of ±1, with a value of +1 indicating that two image regions are anti-correlated. TI responses were generally negative for both RDSs and natural images. For binocular natural images, positive TI responses were found for a small proportion of units. Typically, positive TI responses were found when monocular energy was low, occurred across all orientation channels, and increased in prevalence at lower spatial frequencies. Positive responses were clustered around object edges, suggesting a functional role for TI neurons in the detection of depth boundaries.

Binocular fusion of luminance, color, motion and flicker – Two eyes are worse than one

How much information is conserved, or discarded, as it travels through the visual system? A target (an oriented bar) was defined by dark grey spots embedded in light spots for the left eye, and by light grey spots embedded in dark spots for the right eye. With one eye open, the target bars were clearly visible, but with both eyes open the light and dark spots fused binocularly into medium grey and the target vanished. Results were similar for color; the target comprised greenish spots embedded in reddish spots for the left eye, and by reddish spots embedded in greenish spots for the right eye (somewhat like an Isihara color plate). Result The colored targets were invisible when both eyes were open but reappeared when one eye was closed. Small targets that moved in opposite directions in the two eyes were visible to each eye alone by common fate, but motion averaging made them disappear when both eyes were open. Conclusion Opposed retinal luminances or colors were averaged out by binocular fusion, but could be retrieved by a special afterimage technique in Experiment 6. Conversely, in Experiment 7 dichoptic target spots flickered in counterphase but background spots flickered in-phase to the two eyes. Result The targets were invisible monocularly but became visible as reduced-flicker when fused binocularly. We conclude that two eyes were worse than one eye when opposite colors or movements were fused (Experiments 1–6) but were better than one when binocular correlations could be extracted (Experiment 7). These experiments show how much of the visual information gets transmitted, gets discarded, can still be retrieved, or reaches conscious awareness.

Relative disparity computation underlies the effects of surround area binocular correlation on depth perception

Relative disparity computation underlies the effects of surround area binocular correlation on depth perception

Contextual effects on perceived three-dimensional shape

Binocular disparity is a powerful cue for the perception of depth. The accuracy with which observers can judge depth from disparity can, however, be very poor. This has been attributed to difficulties associated with the scaling of disparity to take account of distance ( Johnston, 1991). We test potential strategies that could be used to improve this scaling. Using the depth-to-width ratio task introduced by Bradshaw, Parton, and Eagle (1998), observers adjusted a depth interval to match the vertical distance between two points. The first experiment examined the effect of placing additional visual stimuli between the observer and the target. Despite the potential of these stimuli to provide reliable distance information, the accuracy of depth settings did not change. The second experiment demonstrated that the degree of binocular correlation present in natural images provides useful distance information, and investigated whether this is used by observers in scaling disparity. To do this, we measured whether varying the magnitude of relative disparity presented in the surround of the target affected depth settings. No such effect was observed. We conclude that the effect of information presented in the surrounding context on settings of depth is limited to those situations in which it provides direct information about the distance to the target.

Horizontal and vertical noise tolerance of binocular correlation in random dot stereograms

Although our eyes are separated horizontally and binocular disparities are therefore mainly horizontal, binocular correlation tolerates substantial vertical disparities. To study the size of the vertical disparity range for binocular correlation, we measured the tolerance for both horizontal and vertical disparity noise, in detecting sinusoidal depth gratings in random dot patterns. We used dense, dynamic random dot stereograms and Gaussian distributed disparity noise. Trials consisted of two 0.8 s intervals, one containing the depth corrugation (stimulus), the other containing the same disparity values randomly distributed across the window (reference). For different grating parameters tolerance for vertical disparity noise was at least as large as for horizontal disparity noise. Moreover, the effects of horizontal and vertical noise added linearly, suggesting a horizontal-vertical isotropy. To find out whether these resultss indeed reflect the size of horizontal and vertical ranges for resolvable disparities, we performed a parametric model analysis for binocular correlation. The model was presented with random dot stereograms of sinusoidal depth gratings, similar to those in the psychophysical measurements, and solved the correspondence problem by determining all possible matches of a pixel in one eye within an ellipsoid correlation area around the corresponding point in the other eye. An arbitrary, but highly efficient algorithm determined whether the stimulus or reference presentation provided the best match to a sinusoidal depth corrugation. A comparison of horizontal and vertical noise tolerance for the human observer and for the model revealed upper and lower limits for the vertical disparity range. However, psychophysical results could be reproduced with different combinations of horizontal and vertical disparity range, and therefore do not reflect a low level horizontal-vertical isotropy for binocular correlation.

Stereovision requires longer processing time than binocular fusion

Event Abstract Back to Event Stereovision requires longer processing time than binocular fusion Eszter Mikó-Baráth1*, Attila Molnár1, Béla Török2 and Gábor Jandó1 1 University of Pécs, Institute of Physiology Medical School of Pécs, Hungary 2 Kantonsspital, Department of Ophthalmology, Switzerland In 1903, Worth established three hierarchically organized stages of binocular vision: (1) simultaneous perception, (2) binocular fusion, and (3) stereopsis. Although the clinical relevance of the model is apparent, the neurophysiological background (e.g., timing characteristics) of his three stage model is far from understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the reaction time (RT) to different type of cyclopen stimuli, i.e. Dynamic Random Dot Correlogram (DRDC), Dynamic Random Dot Stereogram (DRDS) and non-cyclopean pattern onset. Stimuli were generated on the red and green channels of a CRT monitor. Subjects with normal stereopsis wore red and green goggles for dichoptic viewing. Binocular RT was measured with a microcontroller based system, the image appearance and the microcontroller timer was sychronized to the monitor refresh cycle. Subjects had to respond with a button press to three different targets: 1. DRDC: the transition from anti-correlated to correlated phase 2. DRDS: appearance of a crossed disparity checkerboard pattern from a zero disparity 3.the appearance of a checkerboard from a grey background. The mean luminances, the luminance of the dark and bright elements in the images were the same for all stimuli, while the contrast was about 80%. Cyclopen RTs were considerably longer by about 100 ms than non-cyclopen RTs. On other hand, RTs to DRDSs were significantly longer by about 40 ms than responses to DRDCs. Our results suggest, that stereopsis requires longer processing time than binocular fusion, which do not contradict with the theory, that binocular correlation is a preprocessing stage of stereopsis. Conference: IBRO International Workshop 2010, Pécs, Hungary, 21 Jan - 23 Jan, 2010. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Cognition and behavior Citation: Mikó-Baráth E, Molnár A, Török B and Jandó G (2010). Stereovision requires longer processing time than binocular fusion. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: IBRO International Workshop 2010. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2010.10.00169 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 30 Apr 2010; Published Online: 30 Apr 2010. * Correspondence: Eszter Mikó-Baráth, University of Pécs, Institute of Physiology Medical School of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, mikobeszter@freemail.hu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Eszter Mikó-Baráth Attila Molnár Béla Török Gábor Jandó Google Eszter Mikó-Baráth Attila Molnár Béla Török Gábor Jandó Google Scholar Eszter Mikó-Baráth Attila Molnár Béla Török Gábor Jandó PubMed Eszter Mikó-Baráth Attila Molnár Béla Török Gábor Jandó Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Illusory position shift induced by cyclopean motion

The position of a visual pattern moving within a static aperture appears to be displaced in the direction of motion. This illusory position shift can be induced by luminance-defined as well as contrast-defined motion. The present study used a random-dot binocular correlogram in which a moving square-wave grating was solely defined by binocular correlations. This cyclopean motion was found to induce illusory position shift. Consistent with previous reports on position shift induced by second-order motion, the illusion was smaller than that found in the case of the first-order motion. This pattern of results unequivocally demonstrates the existence of a binocular mechanism mediating this illusion.

Dynamic Readout of Behaviorally Relevant Signals from Area MT during Task Switching

The processes underlying dynamic changes in human behavior during real situations contain much irrelevant information and represent a key issue facing neuroscientists. Although the roles played by the frontal cortex in this switching behavior have been well documented, little is known regarding how neural pathways governing sensorimotor associations accomplish such a switch. We addressed this question by recording activities of middle temporal (MT) neurons in monkeys switching between direction versus depth discrimination tasks. Although the monkeys successfully switched between the tasks, neural sensitivity did not change as a function of task. More importantly, neurons that signaled the same motor output showed trial-to-trial covariation between neuronal responses and perceptual judgments during both tasks, whereas neurons that signaled the opposite motor output showed no covariation in either task. These results suggest that task switching is accomplished via communication from distinct populations of neurons when sensorimotor associations switch within a short time period.

Contrast independence of dynamic random dot correlogram evoked VEP amplitude

Dynamic random dot correlograms (DRDCs) are binocular stimuli that evoke a percept and a visual evoked potential (VEP) only in case of a mature and functional binocular system. DRDC-VEP is a method extensively used to study cortical binocularity in human infants and nonverbal children. Although the DRDC-VEP was invented 3 decades ago, neither the fundamental parameters, including contrast, of the stimulation nor the cerebral processing mechanisms have been clarified. The objective of the present study was to investigate the variability and detectability of adults' VEPs to DRDC under different stimulus contrast conditions. DRDCs were presented on the red and green channels of a computer monitor and were viewed with red-green goggles. The steady state DRDC-VEPs were recorded in healthy adult volunteers, and response reliability was assessed by the T(circ)(2) statistic. DRDC-VEP amplitude was independent of contrast, while VEP phases showed a weak correlation with contrast. Contrast invariance of DRDC-VEP amplitude suggests a very high contrast gain and dominant magnocellular input to the binocular correlation processing system.

Spatial characteristics of Dynamic random dot correlogram evoked visual potentials

Event Abstract Back to Event Spatial characteristics of Dynamic random dot correlogram evoked visual potentials K. Markó1, H J. Kiss1, Barath E. Miko1, B. Torok2 and Gábor Jandó1* 1 Institute of Physiology Medical School of Pécs, University of Pécs, Hungary 2 Department of Ophthalmology Kantonsspital, Switzerland Our previous results showed that the amplitude of brain electrical potentials evoked by dynamic random dot correlogram (DRDC-VEPs) was independent of contrast. This is most probably due to the involvement of magnocellular visual pathway in the processing of binocular correlation. The objective of our present experiment was to study the DRDC-VEP as a function of pixel size at a high and low contrast conditions. Adults’ DRDC-VEPs and monocular yellow-black color checkerboard pattern reversals (PR-VEPs) were presented on red-green channels of a computer monitor and viewed through red-green goggles. Electrical scalp responses were recorded from Oz-Fz position. The Fourier component of the stimulus fundamental frequency and upper harmonics in EEG was analyzed by T2circ statistics. Latencies of PR-VEPs inceased with decreasing check size in both, the 70% and 10% contrast conditions. In agreement with the literature, the amplitude maximum was found at 15’ check size for the higher and 60’ for the lower contrasts, respectively. DRDC-VEP phases showed negative correlation with pixel size at both contrast levels. Amplitude maximum, however, could be found at the 3.75’ pixel size for the higher contrast and 7.5’ for the lower contrasts. The amplitude remained constant for the larger pixel sizes. We could not establish amplitude maximum for the 70% contrast, because the smallest pixel size used in this study resulted in the highest amplitude. There might be further increase in amplitude as the pixel size decreases. Shift in the DRDC-VEP phase is probably due to the elongation of neuronal processing time. Conference: 12th Meeting of the Hungarian Neuroscience Society, Budapest, Hungary, 22 Jan - 24 Jan, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Research on the cerebral cortex and related structures Citation: Markó K, Kiss HJ, Miko BE, Torok B and Jandó G (2009). Spatial characteristics of Dynamic random dot correlogram evoked visual potentials. Front. Syst. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: 12th Meeting of the Hungarian Neuroscience Society. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.01.2009.04.211 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 06 Mar 2009; Published Online: 06 Mar 2009. * Correspondence: Gábor Jandó, Institute of Physiology Medical School of Pécs, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary, gabor.jando@aok.pte.hu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers K. Markó H J Kiss Barath E Miko B. Torok Gábor Jandó Google K. Markó H J Kiss Barath E Miko B. Torok Gábor Jandó Google Scholar K. Markó H J Kiss Barath E Miko B. Torok Gábor Jandó PubMed K. Markó H J Kiss Barath E Miko B. Torok Gábor Jandó Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Efficient coding of binocular spontaneous activity for innate learning in V1 development

Event Abstract Back to Event Efficient coding of binocular spontaneous activity for innate learning in V1 development We present a model of spontaneous activity in the developing LGN which shows how simple patterns of activity can train the early visual system for natural binocular vision before the eyes open. This model uniquely applies principles of efficient coding (sparse coding/ICA) to show that both spontaneous activity and natural stimuli can lead to a code much like that found in primary visual cortex. Spontaneous, patterned neural activity plays a necessary role in visual system development. For example, spontaneous activity has been recorded in the developing retinae of a variety of animals including turtles, chicks, cats, mice, and monkeys; these retinal waves are necessary for proper LGN layer segregation and refinement. However, there has been converging evidence both experimentally and theoretically that spontaneous activity in the developing visual system is not only permissive but also instructive. A previous model by Albert, Schnabel, and Field [1] has shown that an efficient learning algorithm used for natural scenes can be applied to spontaneous activity patterns to generate a visual code resembling V1 simple cells. However, models based on insights from retinal waves have some important limitations, such as independent activity across the eyes. Here we present a model which further demonstrates how spontaneous activity can play an instructive role in visual development without these retinal limitations. We generalize our spontaneous activity model to fit known prenatal activity statistics in the LGN. The model presented here includes the binocular correlations demonstrated in LGN activity by Weliky and Katz [2]. This work demonstrates correlations in spontaneous activity across eye-layers in the LGN, and the data indicates that such correlations may be from a traveling wavefront of activity in the LGN. The inclusion of these partial correlations generates binocular filters with a disparity distribution similar to that found in animals at eye-opening. This indicates that these patterns may be important for establishing both monocular and binocular properties of visual neurons. Although there is much less data on LGN/V1 spontaneous activity, we believe that models such as this one will help in guiding experiments in this area, and further establishing the role of this activity as instructive for visual development. Conference: Computational and systems neuroscience 2009, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 26 Feb - 3 Mar, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Presentations Citation: (2009). Efficient coding of binocular spontaneous activity for innate learning in V1 development. Front. Syst. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: Computational and systems neuroscience 2009. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.06.2009.03.302 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 04 Feb 2009; Published Online: 04 Feb 2009. Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Google Google Scholar PubMed Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.