Binary Nanofluids Research Articles

Innovative binary nanofluid approach with copper (Cu - EO) and Magnetite ([formula omitted] - EO) for enhanced thermal performance

In this study, we present an innovative and detailed analysis of the motion of a binary nanofluid, specifically copper (Cu - EO) and Magnetite (Fe3O4 - EO), in a porous medium under solar radiation. Our research is driven by the potential to significantly enhance the thermal performance of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC) using a binary nanofluid. The boundary conditions, partial differential restrictions, and the governing PDEs are transformed into the ODEs system with appropriate similarity transformations. The finite element method (FEM) and semi-analytical technique memad Akbari-Ganji's Method (AGM) are used to solve the approximate solutions of ODEs. The findings of evaluating Copper (Cu - EO) and Magnetite (Fe3O4 - EO) were the two different nanofluids based on engine oil that were presented. Furthermore, the model's overall entropy variations are enhanced using Reynolds. Moreover, our study contributes to understanding fluidity and viscosity alterations in such systems. We use the Brinkman number to observe these alterations. We reveal that the thermal efficiency of (Cu - EO) is lower than (Fe3O4 - EO) by a range of 0.005–0.6. This indicates a substantial enhancement in the thermal performance of the PTSC.

Entropy generation and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux analysis of binary and ternary hybrid Maxwell nanofluid flows with slip and convective conditions

Hybrid nanomaterials significantly enhance thermal systems through improved thermal conductivity, efficient energy storage, and customized thermomechanical properties. Due to their superior thermophysical characteristics, binary/ternary hybrid nanofluids are crucial in fields such as industry, biomedicine, transportation, and pharmaceuticals. This study examines the hydromagnetic flows and heat transfer properties of binary (CuO+Fe3O4/sodium alginate) and ternary (CuO+Fe3O4+MoS2/sodium alginate) hybrid Maxwell nanofluids over a radially stretching rotating disk. The governing flow equations incorporate Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, mixed convection, velocity and thermal slips, nonlinear radiation, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium. These axisymmetric partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity variables, and the spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM) is applied for numerical solutions. Results reveal the effects of relevant parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer rates. Novelty lies in the comparative analysis of flow behaviors and entropy production rates between binary and ternary hybrid Maxwell nanofluids. When the heat source is included, the Nusselt number increases by 12.9% for ternary nanofluids and 16.07% for binary nanofluids as the thermal relaxation number increases from 0.5 to 1.5. Furthermore, the ternary hybrid nanofluid shows greater resistance to Lorentz and porous medium forces and exhibits a higher temperature distribution and better thermal management capabilities compared to the binary hybrid nanofluid.

Analyzing Heat Transfer: Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Metal Oxide-Based Binary Nanofluid in Mini Hexagonal Tube Heat Sink

Analyzing Heat Transfer: Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Metal Oxide-Based Binary Nanofluid in Mini Hexagonal Tube Heat Sink

Comparative characterization of heat transfer and entropy generation of micropolar‐Jeffrey, micropolar‐Oldroyd‐B, and micropolar‐Second grade binary nanofluids in PTSCs settings

AbstractIn this paper, we delve into the behavior of binary micropolar nanofluids, specifically micropolar‐Jeffrey, micropolar‐Oldroyd‐B, and micropolar‐Second grade, within the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) configurations. The primary objective is to enhance the collective efficiency of this device by means of a comprehensive comparison amongst the three aforementioned nanofluids. The governing equations, including continuity, linear momentum, angular momentum, and energy equations, were systematically formulated. Subsequently, the introduction of suitable similarity variables facilitated the transformation of the intricate partial differential equations into manageable ordinary differential equations. These resultant equations were then tackled utilizing the shooting method via the bvp4c numerical package in MATLAB. The study critically examines the influence of diverse parameters that dictate the flow dynamics of the nanofluids. This encompasses nanofluid velocity, angular velocity, temperature distribution, entropy generation, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number. Remarkably, the research uncovers that the maximum temperature levels experienced enhancements of 12.1134%, 12.0616%, and 11.0645% for the micropolar‐Jeffrey, micropolar‐Oldroyd‐B, and micropolar‐Second grade nanofluids, respectively. These results imply that the introduction of these binary micropolar nanofluids leads to notable thermal enhancements in the PTSCs settings.

An in‐depth comparative analysis of entropy generation and heat transfer in micropolar‐Williamson, micropolar‐Maxwell, and micropolar‐Casson binary nanofluids within PTSCs

AbstractSolar energy holds promise as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of power. In this study, we focus on improving the thermal efficiency of parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) by investigating the performance of three different binary micropolar nanofluids – micropolar‐Casson, micropolar‐Maxwell, and micropolar‐Williamson – when used as heat transfer fluids within these collectors, with engine oil as the base fluid. The problem studied revolves around enhancing the heat transfer characteristics within PTSCs, crucial for maximizing energy conversion efficiency in solar power generation. By exploring the behavior of these nanofluids under various flow conditions, we aim to optimize the design and operation of PTSC systems for improved performance and sustainability. The importance of this research lies in its potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of solar energy harvesting, thereby contributing to the transition toward cleaner energy sources and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, the findings have implications for diverse applications, including solar aviation, solar‐powered maritime vessels, solar thermal power plants, industrial process heating, and solar‐driven water pumping mechanisms, where improved heat transfer efficiency is paramount for enhancing overall system performance and reducing operational costs. Furthermore, the investigation delves into the influence of various factors governing the flow of these binary micropolar nanofluids within PTSC setups, including aspects such as velocity, thermal characteristics, entropy generation, skin friction, drag force, and local Nusselt number. The results notably reveal substantial enhancements in thermal efficiency, with maximal relative enhancements quantified as 22.1768%, 19.3662%, and 17.7349% for micropolar‐Casson, micropolar‐Maxwell, and micropolar‐Williamson nanofluids, respectively.

Exploring heat transfer in magnetized binary nanofluid flows with gyrotactic microorganisms through bioconvection analysis

Many industrial and thermal systems regard continuous thermal propagation as vital because it may improve the efficacy of thermal engineering machinery and engines. Consequently, this is a potential development for bettering power energy through employing magnetized nanomolecules within a heat-carrying non-Newtonian fluid. This study examines nanofluids with Casson and Maxwell nanofluids by considering nonlinear radiation and heat generation because of bioconvection over a stretchable surface with a porous material. Moreover, the interaction between gyrotactic microorganisms and activation energy has been discussed in detail. The flow model under consideration is formulated via Thermophoretic diffusion and Brownian motion. Using similarity conversions, the regulating partial differential equations (PDEs) are made dimensionless, thus reducing them to ordinary differential equations. A shooting technique was employed to solve the problem; MATLAB software used RK methods combined with the shooting method to solve this problem. Many diagrams have been depicted to describe the diverse flow factors; other interesting quantities, such as motile microbes’ density and Sherwood numbers, are computed and plotted. In addition, mixed convection, buoyancy ratio, bioconvection Rayleigh constant, and resistivity due to magnetized significantly affect velocity profile through Casson–Maxwell nanofluid. It is seen that both Casson and Maxwell fluids have nonuniform boundary layers of temperature and concentration fields. Maxwell fluids’ temperature and concentration fields are more sensitive than Casson fluids toward the same parameters.

Exploration of irreversibility process and thermal energy of a tetra hybrid radiative binary nanofluid focusing on solar implementations

Abstract Thermal energy from the Sun comes mostly from sunlight. These energies might be used in photovoltaic cells, sustainable power systems, solar light poles, and water-collecting solar pumps. This age studies solar energy and how direct sunshine might improve solar panel efficiency. Solar energy, especially solar tiles, is widely used in manufacturing today. The literature includes a modified Buongiorno hybrid nanofluid prototype. There are no studies that have examined the impact of tri-hybrid and unique tetra hybridity nanomolecules integrated with the Buongiorno nanofluid prototype on liquid moving on a flexible surface. This study examines the effects of an improved Buongiorno tetra hybrid nanoliquid prototypical with Buongiorno and Tiwari–Das nanofluid on magnetized double-diffusive binary nanofluid with cross fluid and Maxwell liquid flowing with variant thermal conductance over a porous medium. Different profiles include diffusion thermo and thermo diffusion. The LobattoIIIA scheme’s convergence and stability are examined in terms of residual error, mesh points for ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and boundary conditions. Leading equations about liquid flow continuity, impetus, temperature, and concentricity are obtained using continuity, conservation of momentum, the second law of thermodynamics, Fick’s second law of diffusion, and boundary layer expectations. The system of partial differential equations obtained from the given assumption becomes a system of ODEs and well-established LobattoIII. Their numerical solution is obtained using a numerical technique. Statistical charts and tables provide numerical solutions. The heat transport rate of tetra-hybrid nanomolecules increases dramatically, unlike tri- and di-hybrid nanomolecules. The improved Buongiorno tetra hybrid nanofluid (BTHNF) model produces more heat when radiation Rd {\rm{Rd}} , Brownian diffusion Nb {\rm{Nb}} , and thermal conductivity are increased. The data show that the diffusion factor L L , Brinkman number Br {\rm{Br}} , and Reynolds number Re increase entropy production, but Bejan number reduces it owing to an increase in Be {\rm{Be}} and Re \mathrm{Re} . A statistical regression study shows that retaining the Maxwell fluid parameter constant and increasing the Weissenberg number We {\rm{We}} decrease the drag coefficient error. A BTHNF model containing tetra hybrid nanoparticles has not been utilized to examine heat and mass transferences in non-Newtonian fluids, considering diffusion, thermo, and thermo diffusion. Entropy generation in a binary fluid with tetra hybrid nanoparticles and BTHNF has not been studied. Tetra hybrid nanofluid is not mentioned in the literature. This effort aims to create a new tetra-hybrid nanofluid model. This article is novel because it investigates the effects of thermal radiation, thermal conductivity, porosity, Darcy–Forchheimer, and Buongiorno models on a tetra-hybrid nanofluid flow under an extensible sheet.

Enhanced Heat Transfer Efficiency through Formulation and Rheo‐Thermal Analysis of Palm Oil‐Based CNP/SiO2 Binary Nanofluid

Enhanced Heat Transfer Efficiency through Formulation and Rheo‐Thermal Analysis of Palm Oil‐Based CNP/SiO₂ Binary Nanofluid

A thermal energy analysis of binary (Go-Co/H2O) and ternary (Go-Co-Zro2/H2O) nanofluids based on characterization and thermal performance

Hybrid or binary nanofluids have superior mechanical and thermal characteristics but the tri-hybrid nanofluids comprise of more embellished thermal properties, better physical strength, and enhanced stability. The present work characterizes the thermal and physical aspects of the hybrid and tri-hybrid nanofluids. The nano-composition of graphene oxide ( Go) and cobalt ( Co) is used in the amalgamation of hybrid nanofluid Go-Co/H2O, whereas the addition of zirconium oxide ( ZrO2) in this mixture gives rise to the ternary Go-Co-ZrO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid. The activation energy and viscous dissipation terms are also amended in the governing equations. The mathematical framework consists of a complex natured dynamical system. However, a numerical algorithm based on finite-difference discretization is developed which can solve the system numerically via the MATLAB software. A comparison with the existing literature is provided in order to validate the numerical procedure. From the outcomes, it is noticed that the temperature of hybrid as well as tri-hybrid nanofuid increases rapidly with change in concentration of zirconium oxide and cobalt. Temperature increases up to 20% by taking 0.1 volume fraction of both zirconium oxide and cobalt. Porous medium and activation energy resist the flow and concentration respectively. A comparative judgment evidently reveals that tri-hybrid Go-Co-ZrO2/H2O nanofluid has a substantial effect on temperature as equated to hybrid or pure nanofluid.

Investigation into silver-engine oil nanoliquid convinced by Riga surface: Deviations in three binary nanofluids

The Riga plate is the inventive magnetic mechanism created from assembly of arranged constant magnets and alternate electrode through the plane surface. The inventive magnetic mechanism produces the wall-parallel Lorentz force into postponing the boundary layer division and reducing turbulence effect. In this analysis, the flow performance on silver-engine oil-based nanoparticles by Casson–Jeffrey, Casson–Oldroyd-B and Casson–Maxwell binary nanofluids through the Riga plate was analyzed. By analyzing the correlation transformation, the controlling model was changed into a system of ordinary differential equations, it has been resolved by applying finite element methods. The investigation of the acquired outcomes had been verified by the flow by second-grade fluids which affected importantly the governing parameters. The both EMHD parameter and nanoparticles had acted on the thermal improvement of these non-Newtonian employing fluids. The velocity profiles were magnified when the Lorentz force was instigated over the EMHD parameter. Overall, this Casson–Jeffrey and Casson–Maxwell nanofluid model is more effective than the Casson–Oldroyd-B nanofluids model.

Numerical study of hybrid binary Al2O3-Cu-H2O nanofluid coating boundary layer flow from an exponentially stretching/shrinking perforated substrate with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux, heat source, suction and multiple slip effects

Modern coating systems are increasingly deploying nanomaterials which offer improved thermal performance. The optimization of these systems can benefit from more elegant fluid dynamic models of the coating process. Inspired by these advancements, the present investigation introduces a novel mathematical model to analyze the boundary layer transport in Al2O3-Cu-H2O hybrid binary nanofluid coating deposition on an exponentially stretching porous substrate (sheet). Lateral mass flux (suction) at the wall is also considered a heat source (generation) for hot spot manufacturing effects. To add further sophistication to the thermal conduction model, a non-Fourier approach is adopted which accurately incorporates thermal relaxation effects i.e. the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux (CCHF) model. The Tiwari-Das volume fraction nanoscale formulation is implemented for different combinations of Alumina (Al2O3) and Copper (Cu) metallic nanoparticles in an aqueous base fluid (H2O). Hydrodynamic wall and thermal slip are also included as they feature in coating processes. The fundamental equations governing mass, momentum, and energy conservation, along with the corresponding conditions at the wall (substrate) and free stream, are made dimensionless through suitable scaling similarity transformations. The resulting nonlinear coupled ordinary differential boundary value problem is subsequently addressed using the efficient MATLAB bvp4c routine. Special cases of the non-Fourier model are validated against published results, and the general model is further confirmed through validation using an Adams-Moulton 2-step predictor-corrector algorithm (AMPC). Furthermore, dual solutions of the generalized model are extracted and visualized. A comprehensive study of the effects of key thermophysical key parameters on momentum and thermal characteristics (velocity, temperature, skin friction and local Nusselt number) is conducted and solutions are visualized graphically. The computations show that higher temperatures are present with intensification in the thermal relaxation parameter (Cattaneo-Christov hyperbolic model parameter), which predicts therefore larger temperatures than the classical Parabolic heat conduction model using Fourier analysis. Effectively, thermal relaxation is responsible for finite heat wave propagation and produces more accurate estimations of heat transfer than the Fourier model. An increase in stretching parameter enhances the skin friction coefficient and elevates the local Nusselt number. As the thermal relaxation parameter increases, the temperature magnitudes corresponding to the first and second solutions are both enhanced as are thermal boundary layer thicknesses. An increase in wall suction induces an escalation in the first solution for velocity whereas it reduces the second solution velocity. Stronger wall suction suppresses temperatures. With increasing thermal slip, the boundary layer is cooled i.e. temperature plummets and thermal boundary layer thickness is decreased. Strong deceleration is induced with greater hydrodynamic (velocity) slip. Both first and second solutions for skin friction are elevated with shrinking whereas they are depressed with stretching. With greater velocity slip both the first and second solutions for skin friction are depleted with greater velocity slip for the shrinking case, whereas they are generally enhanced for the very strong stretching case. The computations offer some new insights into multi-physical thermal fluid dynamics of nanofluid-based coating systems.

Experimental investigation of photothermal performance in nanofluid-based direct absorption solar collection for solar-driven water desalination

As the demand for energy continues to rise unabated, an examination of the constraints posed by finite fossil fuel reserves becomes crucial. There is need to explore and underscore the imperative shift towards renewable energy resources, where, solar energy is widely available and can readily be used in different applications, especially in water desalination applications. In the present research, photothermal performance of water based nanofluids containing graphene oxide (GO), zinc oxide (ZnO), iron oxide (FeO), and their composites (GO-ZnO and GO-FeO) have been studied under the natural sun to determine the potential for water desalination applications. All type of the nanofluid are prepared through a two-step method and are characterized morphologically using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). UV–visible spectroscopy is used to assess the optical absorbance of prepared nanofluids. The outcomes of this study show that pure GO nanofluids exhibited excellent absorption in the visible and near-infrared regions as compared to other nanofluids used in this research study, which makes them efficient nanofluids in converting solar energy into heat. For more assessment, a direct or volumetric solar thermal collector was used to evaluate the photothermal efficiency of water based nanofluids GO, ZnO, FeO, and their binary composites of GO-ZnO, and GO-FeO under natural solar flux at weight concentrations (0.01 wt%). The sensible heating efficiency due to the rise in temperature and latent heat of evaporation efficiency due to mass loss of nanofluid samples contributed towards photothermal efficiency. Pure GO nanofluids showed the highest photothermal efficiency, which is 71 % among all the nanofluids used in this study due to their carbon-based structure, highest optical absorption peak, excellent dispersion stability, and highest thermal conductivity. This experimental work also revealed that binary nanofluids containing composites of (GO-ZnO) and (GO-FeO) showed higher photothermal efficiency as compared to individual nanofluids ZnO and FeO except graphene oxide GO. According to the results and observation of this experimental work, pure GO-based nanofluids are potential candidates for direct absorption solar collection used in water desalination applications.

CFD modeling of a triple‐walled direct absorption evacuated tube solar collector based on hybrid nanofluid/microencapsulated PCM

AbstractNowadays, direct absorption solar collectors are a new concept of solar collectors which have attracted special attention. The type of heat transfer fluid (HTF) has a significant influence on the efficiency of this kind of collector. Therefore, in this study, a wide range of working fluids including mono nanofluid ( and CuO), binary nanofluid, and especially the incorporation of a new hybrid combination of nanofluid and microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM), are used as the working fluids of a triple‐walled direct absorption evacuated tube solar collector. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used for simulating the collector and investigating the effect of different parameters including volume fraction, base fluid, mass flow rate, and type of absorber tube structure (double‐ and triple‐walled) on collector thermal performance. Results show that binary nanofluids of 0.06% /0.002% CuO/water and 0.06% /0.002% CuO/ethylene glycol (EG) have the largest working fluid temperature differentials equal to 48.31 and 66.5 K, respectively. It was inferred that, at the mass flow rate of 2.7 , the efficiency is obtained to be 60.29% employing binary/EG nanofluid, which is 8.68% and 15.31% higher than CuO/EG and /EG nanofluids, respectively. Inserting the hybrid CuO nanofluid/MPCM leads to an improvement of 1.14% and 1.22% in the efficiency of triple‐ and double‐walled collectors, respectively, with respect to the individual usage of the nanofluid. The thermal efficiency of the double‐walled structure is higher than triple‐walled considering all HTFs.

Comparative study of silver-blood-based three binary nanofluids and thermal enhancement in a PTSC

This paper studies the similarity of silver-blood-based Carreau–Maxwell, Carreau–Oldroyd-B and Carreau–Jeffrey binary nanofluids on the parabolic trough solar collector. By the energy equations, Joule heating effects and nonlinear thermal radiation were integrated. The velocity slip condition by the solid–liquid interface was again worked out. In this model, magnetic field aspects and viscous dissipation were again taken into account. The converted construction was modeled into ordinary differential methods with the help of appropriate comparison applications. This governing relation on current flow problem was given graphically and determined mathematically by applying made-up MATLAB computational tool with the aid of renowned mathematical shooting methods bvp4c (Lobatto’s IIIa Formulae). This mathematical outcomes are given in tabular and graphical models. It was observed that the nonlinear thermal radiation aggregates the temperature profile. This skin friction was improved for greater values of magnetic parameter by 6.16%. Moreover, the local Nusselt number was reduced about developing values of radiation parameter into 71.78%. Moreover, these Casson–Jeffrey and Casson–Maxwell nanofluid models are more efficient than the Casson–Oldroyd-B nanofluid models.

Thermal equilibrium time as a novel characteristic of nanofluid evaluation: An experimental investigation of distilled water-based binary and ternary nanofluids

Nanofluids enhance thermal energy transfer in energy storage applications. Proper nanoparticles are crucial, especially regarding their thermophysical properties. This work fabricated a novel instrument to evaluate a mixture of distilled water-based ternary and binary nanofluids. This work prepared novel ternary and binary nanofluids by mixing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), magnesium oxide (MgO), and boron nitride (BN) into distilled water at various volume concentrations. The instrument that has been fabricated measures the time taken by the nanofluids to reach a thermal equilibrium state as a new characteristic to evaluate and compare the thermal potential of nanofluids, which alleviates the dependence on other instruments that are occasionally inaccessible or costly for researchers. Thermodynamically, this instrument enables the assessment of nano-energy, manifested as the heat transferred to the nanofluid while reaching an equilibrium state. The results verified the purpose of the proposed instrument; the novel characteristic was affected perfectly by increasing the volume concentration of the nanoparticles in the base fluid. All nanofluids prepared with a concentration of 0.5 % emerged as the most effective in achieving thermal equilibrium in a shorter time than the other concentrations. The ternary hybrid nanofluid MWCNTs–MgO–BN with a volume concentration of 0.5 % had the shortest thermal equilibrium time, 157 s. MWCNTs–MgO–BN ternary hybrid nanofluids transferred 8.3, 5.8, and 11.8 % more heat than MWCNTs–MgO, MWCNTs–BN, and MgO–BN binary hybrid nanofluids. The thermophysical essence behind the result obtained by the created instrument lies in the fact that it generated a new approach to evaluating the nanofluids, thanks to which it was possible to evaluate and find out which fluid has the highest thermal conductivity. The uncertainty analysis showed error acceptability in the experimental instrument, with an average uncertainty value percentage for all presented composites of ± 0.936 %.

Internal heat source effects on thermosolutal convection of Casson nanofluids embedded by Darcy-Brinkman model

The current study investigates Darcy-Brinkman convective instability for a non-Newtonian binary nanofluid layer in the presence of internal heat source. Non-Newtonian fluid behavior is characterized by Casson model. Normal mode technique is employed to convert the relevant PDEs into ODEs and Boussinesq approximation is used. The phenomenon is explored for both stationary as well as oscillatory modes of convection. The novelty and significance of the work lie in the fact that oscillatory motions have come into existence due to the presence of internal heat source term in the thermal energy equation which were non-existent otherwise for top-heavy configuration of nanoparticles. The impact of various nanofluid and solute parameters except solute Rayleigh number is found to destabilize the nanofluid layer while solute Rayleigh number, Darcy number and porosity parameters are found to postpone the onset of convection. Non-Newtonian Casson parameter and internal heat source strength are found to hasten the convection for the present arrangement of nanoparticles.

Mixed convection of thermomicropolar AgNPs-GrNPs nanofluid: An application of mass-based hybrid nanofluid model

Here, a mass-based hybridity model is applied to inquire about the mixed convection of a thermomicropolar binary nanofluid (TMBNF) upon a shrinking and porous plate. The nanoparticles are the silver (AgNPs) and the graphene (GrNPs), in a spherical shape, suspended in an aqua base fluid. The applied methodology considers the masses of base fluid and nanoparticles as an alternative to the first and second nanoparticles volume fraction, according to the single-phase approach named the Tiwari-Das model. By using the similarity transformation technique, the dominating PDEs are changed to a system of ODEs that can be solved numerically by the bvp4c pattern of Matlab. To validate the numerical method, a comparison is implemented for the heat transfer, the shear stress, and the gradient of microrotation values, with results reported previously that consequently a supreme agreement is observed. The variations of the angular velocity, velocity, temperature distribution, gradient of microrotation, shear stress, and the heat transfer of the TMBNF with the prominent parameters are presented and analyzed by the tabular and graphical results. The originality of this work is related to the use of the mass-based model for TMBNF flow and the derivation of a new configuration of governing equations. It is concluded that the mass-based model with its significant benefits can be utilized successfully with tremendous assurance to abundant theoretical problems of micropolar binary nanofluid flow and heat transfer. New models for the nanofluid hybridity can undoubtedly be quite helpful in the many fields where cooling technologies are essential.

Mass-based hybridity model for thermomicropolar binary nanofluid flow: first derivation of angular momentum equation

Mass-based hybridity model for thermomicropolar binary nanofluid flow: first derivation of angular momentum equation

Case study of autocatalysis reactions on tetra hybrid binary nanofluid flow via Riga wedge: Biofuel thermal application

Ethanol and biodiesel, which both belong to the first generation of biofuel technology, are the two most popular forms of biofuels now in use. In order to create next-generation biofuels using waste, cellulosic biomass, and algae-based resources, the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) is working with business. The present article is designed to study the effect of tetra hybrid nanoparticles with the utilization of the novel Hamilton and Crosser model and catalytic reaction on binary fluid with the consideration of ethanol biofuel as a base fluid. Ethanol comprising tetra hybrid nanoparticles and heterogeneous catalytic reaction amplifies thermal conductivity and significantly increases brake thermal efficiency and reduces brake-specific fuel consumption in diesel engines. Therefore, the aim of this article is a theoretical checkup that is related to heat and mass transport of biofuel flow considering binary fluid accompanied with autocatalysis reaction and novel tetra hybrid nanoparticles on biofluid flow subjected to a Riga wedge. Transportation of heat via nonuniform heat source/sink, thermal radiation, and thermal conductivity are in our consideration. The mathematics of the assumed problem generates the system of non-linear partial differential equations from basic equations of momentum, energy, and mass. The usage of non-dimensional variables gave a system of non-linear ODEs with boundary conditions which are further dealt with in the Lobatto111A scheme. The results are obtained for stretching/shrinking wedge with several parameters. From obtained results, it is observed that the velocity field diminishes owing to magnification in Weissenberg number and Casson fluid parameter. The temperature field diminishes by amplifying heat generation, thermal radiation, and variable thermal conductivity parameter. Concentration distribution escalates by rising homogeneous reaction parameters.

Chemically Driven Convective Instabilities in Binary Nanofluids with Thermodiffusions

An investigation of the onset of chemically driven convective instabilities in binary nanofluids has been carried out under the influence of thermodiffusion and nanoparticles. In order to investigate the convective instabilities, the Tiwari-Das nanofluid model is used and the thermal Rayleigh number is derived using linear stability analysis. The effect of nondimensional parameters involved in the study is illustrated graphically. It is found that volume fraction of nanoparticles, Soret effects of nanoparticles and solute destabilize the system and Lewis number stabilizes the system. The heat of chemical reaction parameter performs a dual consequence on the stability. It has stabilizing effect for its negative values and destabilizing effect for its non-negative values. The strength of chemical reaction is also discussed. It is reported that the chemical reaction is fast when the system is heated from below and it is slow when the system is heated from above. Water-ethylene glycol based silver and cupric oxide pseudoplastic non-Newtonian binary nanofluids are considered and the impact of nanoparticles is analyzed through addition factors. The binary nanofluids convection driven by chemical reaction has a great importance in absorption based industrial applications such as refrigeration, air conditioning, automobiles, biomedical engineering, solar collectors and falling film.