Binary Complex System Research Articles

Metal Complexes in Biology and Medicine the System Cadmium (II) / Iron (II) /Zinc (II) - Proline

Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the life span’ s of the humans, animals and plants. In coordination compound studies, a knowledge of the magnitude of the stability constants of complexes is necessary for preliminary quantitative treatment. Present work described method that involves the use of paper electrophoretic technique for the study of the equilibria in binary complex systems in solution. This method is based on the movement of a spot of metal ion in an electric field at various pHs of the background electrolyte. A plot of overall mobility of metal / complex ion versus pH was used to obtain information on the formation of binary complexes and to calculate their stability constants. The stability constant of the ML and ML2 complexes of cadmium (II) – proline,iron(II) – proline and zinc(II) – proline, have been found to be (4.61 ± 0.01; 3.04 ± 0.03), (4.21 ± 0.01; 2.89 ± 0.09) and (4.98 ± 0.02; 2.44 ± 0.05) (logarithm constant values), respectively at 35 ºC and ionic strength 0.1 mol L-1. The first and second stability constants follow the order zinc (II) >cadmium (II) > iron (II). Metal complexes can offer their action such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer and ant thyroid compounds. Metal based drugs bioactivity can be increase by metal chelation, which in turn increase their absorbance and stability.

Implication of metal complexes in biology and medicine, the system cadmium (II)/iron (II)/zinc (II) – sarcosine

Implication of metal complexes in biology and medicin, the system cadmium (II)/iron (II) / zinc (II) – sarcosine. A technique involving the use of paper Electrophoretic Technique is described for the study of equilibria in binary complex system in solution. This methodis based upon the migration of a spot of metal ion on a paper strip at different pH values of background electrolyte containing 0.1 mol L -1 perchloric acid and 0.01 mol L -1 sarcosine. A graph of pH against mobility gives information about the binary complexes and permit to calculate their stability constants. The first and second stability constants of [Cd (II) – sarcosine], [Fe (II) – sarcosine] and [Zn (II) – sarcosine] complexes were found to be (3.94 ± 0.03; 2.66 ± 0.07), (3.70 ± 0.01; 2.54 ± 0.03) and (4.39 ± 0.01; 2.74 ± 0.07) logarithm stability constant values for Cd (II), Fe (II) and Zn (II) complexes, respectively at ionic strength 0.1 Mol L -1 and temperature of 35 0 C. The stability constants follow the order: Cd (II) > Fe (II) > Zn (II).

Metal Complexes in Biology and Medicine: The System Cadmium ((II))/ Iron ((II))/ Zinc ((II)) - α - Aminobutenoic Acid

Metal ions play an important role in biological system. The importance of metal ions to essential functions of living systems and for wellbeing of living organisms is well known. Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of life spans of the human, animals, and plants. Recent advances in inorganic chemistry have made possible formation of number of transition metal complexes with organic ligand of interest, which can be used as therapeutic agent. In coordination compounds studies, knowledge of the stability constants of complexes is necessary for preliminary quantitative treatment. The present technique involving the use of paper electrophoresis is described for the study of equilibria in binary complex systems in solution. The method is based on the movement of a spot of a metal ion in an electric field at various pH’s of background electrolyte. A graph of pH versus mobility was used to obtained information in the binary complexes and to calculate its stability constants. Using this method , the stability constants of binary complexes metal (II) – α – aminobutenoic acid have been determined to be ( 3.78 ± 0.01, 2.48 ± 0.03 ); ( 3.27 ± 0.04, 2.33 ± 0.07 ); and (4.45 ± 0.02, 2.66 ± 0.05); (logarithm stability constant values) for cadmium (II), iron (II) and zinc (II) complexes, respectively, at ionic strength 0.01 Mol / L and a temperature of 35º C.

Effects of temperature on the structures and dynamics of a binary complex plasma

In the paper, the effects of temperature on the structure and dynamics of a binary complex plasma system are investigated through two-dimensional (2D) Langevin dynamics simulation. Two kinds of dust particles with different masses are considered in the binary complex system. The particle distribution, Voronoi structure diagram and pair correlation function are used to characterize the system structure. The evolution process of kinetic energy, speed and trajectories of binary particles as time under different system temperatures are used to study the dynamical characteristics of the system. It shows that binary particles with different masses have the trend to separately distribute themselves with a boundary, which is very clear at the lower temperature. There is an optimum temperature, which can produce the separation distribution with fewest small particles mixing in the region of large particles. The dynamical investigation shows that small particles firstly reach the system center and then they are pushed out by large particles. The kinetic energy has a radial distribution, showing a drastic change around the boundary of the binary particles. The investigations indicate that the structures and dynamics of the binary complex plasma can be affected by system temperature.

The effect of auxiliary complexing agent on silver crystallization and the application in SERS

<p indent="0mm">A crystalized nano-sized silver layer with large area uniformity and smoothness prepared by electrochemical deposition as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates was studied. The result shows that an effective binary complementary complex system can be formed to turn the silver’s nucleation mechanism from instantaneous one to progressive one when auxiliary complexing agent of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and main complexing agent of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin reach sufficient concentration of <sc>4 g/L</sc> and <sc>110 g/L</sc> in electrodeposition solution, respectively. The as-prepared crystalized nano-sized silver layer possesses excellent SERS properties. Its limit of detection (LOD) to Rhodamine 6G is as low as <sc>1.0×10^–13 mol/L,</sc> the relative standard deviation (RSD) of SERS uniformity is below 8%, and the averaged surface enhancement factor to methyl orange can reach 6.3×10⁶. Correspondingly, the particle size of silver-electrodeposited substrate is about <sc>10 nm</sc> and the particle spacing is less than 5 nm, which meets the requirements for generating SERS “hot spots”. Finally, the active substrate was applied to prohibit pigments of Sudan III and Sudan IV, and the LOD is as low as <sc>5.0×10^–12 mol/L</sc> and <sc>1.0×10^–11 mol/L</sc>, respectively, which shows great potential for applications.

Study on Optimization of Injection Parameters for Binary Compound Drive System

In this paper, numerical simulation technology was used to optimize the injection of polymer/surfactant binary flooding system. The results of the study show that: (1) Under the conditions of reservoir physical properties studied, the polymer surfactant binary complex system has improved oil recovery by 18.9%, 5.6%, and 7.3, respectively, over water flooding, polymer flooding, and surface active flooding. (2) The results of the study show that the later the binary flooding time is, the lower the recovery factor is, but the overall impact is smaller; (3) When the pre-slug volume is 0.05 PV, the binary flooding development effect is optimal; (4) The concentration of polymer and surfactant was calculated and analyzed. Under the reservoir physical properties studied, the polymer concentration was 1500 mg/L and the surfactant concentration was 0.3%.

Efficient DMSO-Vapor Annealing for Enhancing Thermoelectric Performance of PEDOT:PSS-Based Aerogel

Conducting polymer-based composite aerogel film is desired to be used as thermoelectric (TE) materials due to its good flexibility and ultralow thermal conductivity. Here, we proposed the simple freeze drying method to fabricate free-standing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-based aerogel films without any crosslinker addition. The evolutions of morphology and TE performance were systemically investigated with various organic solvent addition. Furthermore, a series of the PEDOT:PSS/tellurium nanowires (Te-NWs) composite aerogel films was prepared, and the relationship between the structure and the charge-transport mechanism of the binary complex system was explored based on series and parallel models. Finally, an efficient dimethyl sulfoxide-vapor annealing was employed to further optimize the TE performance of PEDOT:PSS/Te-NWs composite aerogel films. The ZT value was estimated to be 2.0 × 10-2 at room temperature. On the basis of the flexibility and highly enhanced TE performance, a prototype TE generator consisting of p-type PEDOT:PSS/Te-NWs aerogel films and n-type carbon nanotube fibers as legs has been fabricated with an acceptable output power of 1.28 μW at a temperature gradient of 60 K, which could be potentially applied in wearable electronics.

Influence of hydrophilic polymers addition into cinnarizine–β-cyclodextrin complexes on drug solubility, drug liberation behaviour and drug permeability

The aims of this study were (1) to prepare cinnarizine (CNZ)–β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexes by the kneading, co-precipitation and co-evaporation methods with (ternary system) or without (binary system) the addition of two different hydrophilic polymers [hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)] in their two different grades (HPMC E5-LV or K4M and PVP K-25 or K-30) and (2) to determine the polymers influence on enhancing the CNZ solubility and the in vitro CNZ liberation behaviour or drug permeation characteristics via artificial membrane from the prepared CNZ–β-CD binary and ternary complexes in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2). The presence of hydrophilic polymers in ternary complex system did produce irregular-shaped but smooth-surfaced particles while binary complex system (with no polymer addition) did not. The ternary complexes prepared with HPMC K4M, β-CD and CNZ showed higher solubility efficiency value compared to other tested hydrophilic polymers to make ternary complex systems. Consequently, irrespective of the three preparation methods, the ternary complex systems exhibited higher drug libration behaviour in comparison to the binary complex system, physical mixtures and CNZ powder. But because of the possible presence of a solubility and permeability interplay or tradeoff particularly in the binary and ternary complex systems, the CNZ permeation amount in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) via artificial membrane was established to a minimum compared to the CNZ powder. Therefore, the CNZ–β-CD complexes with or without the HPMC and PVP should unequivocally be used with great care by considering the solubility–permeability interplay or tradeoff into account.

The variation law of physicochemical properties of surfactant/polymer binary complex system in porous media

The binary complex system was composed of the sulphonate Gemini surfactant and the hydrophobically associating polymer at different ratios. Viscosity and interfacial tension were measured before the core flood experiments. After injecting the binary system at different surfactant/polymer ratios and injection phase, the viscosity, interfacial tension, and concentrations of the polymer and the surfactant in the effluent collected at different positions of the long core were measured. Furthermore, the static and dynamic adsorptions of the system were measured. Finally, the variation law of physicochemical properties of surfactant/polymer binary complex system in porous media was obtained. [Received: November 17, 2015; Accepted: July 17, 2016]

The variation law of physicochemical properties of surfactant/polymer binary complex system in porous media

The binary complex system was composed of the sulphonate Gemini surfactant and the hydrophobically associating polymer at different ratios. Viscosity and interfacial tension were measured before the core flood experiments. After injecting the binary system at different surfactant/polymer ratios and injection phase, the viscosity, interfacial tension, and concentrations of the polymer and the surfactant in the effluent collected at different positions of the long core were measured. Furthermore, the static and dynamic adsorptions of the system were measured. Finally, the variation law of physicochemical properties of surfactant/polymer binary complex system in porous media was obtained. [Received: November 17, 2015; Accepted: July 17, 2016]

非离子表面活性剂NP-10与DM复配体系中混合胶束的NMR动态研究

两种非离子表面活性剂(DM和NP-10)形成了二元复配体系，通过NMR各种技术对其复配体系中不同比例下形成的混合胶束的动态变化(包括胶束的堆积状况，分子间的排列方式、相互作用点及其分子间与分子内作用的变化等)进行了研究。二维NOESY技术证明了两者分子间的空间距离和相互作用力随着NP-10/DM比例的不同而变化，但其相互作用点不变；NMR的扩散系数表明了混合胶束的动力学半径随着NP-10/DM增大而增加，直到NP-10/DM摩尔比为1:6后趋于稳定，表明复配体系的浓度配比不是无限制的；横向弛豫时间T2显示了单体胶束与混合胶束随着各自比例的逐渐增大而朝着相反方向的变化趋势，此现象佐证了分子间作用力与分子内作用力的区别。弛豫时间还表明，当NP-10/DM的摩尔比为1:1/2~1:1时，其分子间的相互作用力开始减小，分子内作用开始起主导作用，暗示了复配体系中的最佳配比和协同效应的变化。 Two kinds of non-ionic surfactant (DM and NP-10) form a binary complex system, and the dynamic changes (including the accumulation of micelles, intermolecular arrangement, interaction point and the variation of inter-molecular as well as the intra-molecular interaction etc.) of the mixed micelles formed in different proportions of the complex system were studied through a variety of NMR techniques. 2D NOESY experiments reveals that the spatial distance and the interaction force between the two molecules vary with the NP-10/DM ratio, but the interaction point does not change; the diffusion coefficient of NMR shows that the dynamic radius of mixed micelles increases with the increase of NP-10/DM, and then tends to be stable until the mole ratio of NP-10/DM is 1:6, indicating that the concentration ratio of the complex system is not unlimited; the transverse re-laxation time T2 shows the tendency of the monomer micelles and the mixed micelles moving in the opposite direction as the increase of respective proportions. This phenomenon proves the dif-ference between the inter-molecular forces and the intra-molecular forces. The relaxation time also shows that when the molar ratio of NP-10/DM is 1: 1/2 ~ 1: 1, the inter-molecular interaction began to decrease, and the intra-molecular interaction began to play a leading role, suggesting that the optimal ratio and the synergistic effect of the complex system.

Equilibrium Study of the Mixed Complexes of Copper(II) with Adenine and Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution

In the present study, the protonation constants of adenine (Ade), a DNA base, and of the amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, were determined in 0.1 mol·L−1 KNO3 ionic medium and at 25.00 °C by the potentiometric method. The binary and ternary ligand complex systems that Cu(II) establishes with Ade and these amino acids were examined using the same method and in the same ionic medium; stability constants were calculated with the BEST computer software and distribution curves were drawn by means of the SPE software. The relative stability of each ternary complex was compared with that of the corresponding binary complexes in terms of their ∆log10K values.

The Study of Optimization Experiment on Injection Timing and Injection Pattern of Binary Compound Flooding after Polymer Flooding of Heavy Oil in Offshore Field

In this study, simulated the reservoir conditions of SuiZhong 36-1 offshore field, we did the research on the optimization experiment of injection timing and injection pattern of the binary composite flooding after polymer flooding. After polymer flooding the launching of binary compound system is studied at the different injection timing (namely when the water content ratio is 0%, the lowest point , 70% and 95% after polymer flooding), the results show that the final recovery efficiency is the highest while directly conversion after polymer flooding, followed is conversion while the water content ratio is the lowest ,70%and 95%..Also compared the impact results of injection of binary complex system in different injection ways on oil displacement effect, the result shows that the injection of 0.3 PV binary complex system is better than the system of polymer injection 0.05 PV + 0.2 PV binary compound system + 0.05 PV polymer binary and 0.1 PV polymer + 0.2 PV binary compound system. But the impact of changing injection way on the ultimate recovery is not big, do before and after protection in a polymer slug is more advantageous to control the cost of industrialization, to maximize the overall benefits of oilfield development.

Formation of binary complexes of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with maleic acid in CTAB-water mixtures

Complexation of toxic metal ions with maleic acid in (0.0–2.5% w/v) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)–water mixtures has been studied pH-metrically at ambient conditions and an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L-1. The existence of different binary species was established from modelling studies using the computer program MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were selected based on statistical parameters such as the crystallographic R factor and sum of the squares of residuals in mass-balance equations. The models for binary complex systems contain the chemical species ML2, ML2H and ML3 for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) in CTAB–water mixtures. The trend in the variation of stability constants with change in the mole fraction of the medium was explained based on electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. Distribution of the species with pH at different compositions of CTAB–water mixtures was also presented.

Equilibrium studies of ternary systems containing some selected transition metal ions, triazoles and aromatic carboxylic acids

Solution equilibria of the binary and ternary complex systems of the divalent transition metal ions Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ with 1,2,4-triazole (TRZ), 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (TRZSH), and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (TRZAM) and aromatic carboxylic acids (phthalic, anthranilic, salicylic, and 5-sulfosalicylic acid) have been studied pH-metrically at (25.0±0.1) °C, and a constant ionic strength I=1×10−1 mol L−1 NaNO3 in an aqueous medium. The potentiometric titration curves show that binary and ternary complexes of these ligands are formed in solution. The stability constants of the different binary and ternary complexes formed were calculated on the basis of computer analysis of the titration data. The relative stability of the different ternary complex species is expressed in terms of Δ log K values, log X and R. S.% parameters. The effect of temperature of the medium on both the proton-ligand equilibria for TRZAM and phthalic acid and their metal-ligand equilibria with Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ has been studied along with the corresponding thermodynamic parameters. The complexation behavior of ternary complexes is ascertained using conductivity measurements. In addition, the formation of ternary complexes in solution has been confirmed by using UV-visible spectrophotometry.

The Evaluation Experiment Research on Sp Binary Composite System Performance and the Oil Displacement Effect

SP binary composite system can reduce the interfacial tension, has good viscoelasticity, and has similar displacement effect with ASP ternary composite system. In addition, the scaling formation can be weaken because it does not contain alkali. Therefore, it plays a important role in guiding the formulas of SP binary composite system and designing the injection scheme to evaluate the main performance and oil displacement effect of SP binary composite system. Experiments on the main performance evaluation, microscopic simulation model for oil displacement and oil displacement in cores have been carried in this paper, which is intended for the new type of surfactant (HLX-BO1 type)/polymer binary complex system which is applied in SP binary composite flooding test block of Daqing oil field. The emulsification property, adsorption characteristics, stability and rheological property of the SP binary composite system have been evaluated. The oil displacement effect of polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, and SP binary composite flooding have been analyzed in this paper. The evaluation experimental research on SP binary complex system performance shows that: 1The binary composite system has good viscosity stability and interfacial tension stability. 2the emulsification time and emulsification degree both increase With the increasing of surfactant concentration. 3The higher oil content in the oil sand, the greater the surfactant adsorption capacity. 4The concentration of surfactant has less affect on the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution, while alkali has greater influence on the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution. The oil displacement experimental research on SP binary system shows that the oil displacement effect of SP binary system is significantly better than that of the unitary system of polymer or surfactant alone. The oil displacement effect is well whether SP system is flooded after water flooding or polymer flooding. The average enhanced oil recovery rates of artificial cores in the oil displacement experiment are 17.5% and 10.10% respectively. The average enhanced oil recovery rate of natural cores in the oil displacement experiment after polymer flooding is 9.5%.

NH3BH3/LiBH4·NH3 modified by metal hydrides for advanced dehydrogenation

Abstract The significantly enhanced dehydrogenation performance of binary complex system, NH 3 BH 3 /LiBH 4 ·NH 3 , were achieved through a chemical modification of LiH to form ternary composites of x (LiH–NH 3 BH 3 )/LiBH 4 ·NH 3 . Among the studied composites, 3LiH–3NH 3 BH 3 /LiBH 4 ·NH 3 released ca. 10 wt. % high-pure hydrogen (>99.9 mol%) below 100 °C with fast kinetics, while less than 8 wt. % hydrogen, accompanied with a fair number of volatile byproducts, were released from 3NH 3 BH 3 /LiBH 4 ·NH 3 at the same conditions. Further investigations revealed that the hydrogen emission from x (LiH–NH 3 BH 3 )/LiBH 4 ·NH 3 composites is based on the combination mechanism of H δ+ and H δ− through the interaction between LiH–NH 3 BH 3 and NH 3 group in LiBH 4 ·NH 3 , in which the controllable protic hydrogen source from the stabilized NH 3 group played a crucial role in providing optimal stoichiometric ratio of H δ+ and H δ− , and thus leading to the significant improvement of dehydrogenation capacity and purity.

&lt;b&gt;Formation of binary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with L-DOPA in dioxan-water mixtures&lt;/b&gt;

Complexation of essential metal ions with (S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (dopa) in (0-60% v/v) dioxan-water mixtures has been studied pH-metrically at a temperature of 303 K and an ionic strength of 0.16 M. The existence of different binary species was established from modeling studies using the computer program MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were selected based on statistical parameters like crystallographic R factor and sum of the squares of residuals in mass-balance equations. The models for binary complex systems contain the chemical species ML, ML2, MLH, ML2H and ML2H2 for Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) in dioxan-water mixtures. The trend in the variation of stability constants with change in the mole fraction of the medium was explained based on electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. Distribution of the species with pH at different compositions of dioxan-water mixtures was also presented.KEY WORDS: Binary species, Stability constants, Metal, Dopa, Dioxan, pH-metryBull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25(1), 43-52.

Paper ionophoretic technique in the study of biologically important beryllium(II) / cobalt(II)-homoserine binary complexes in solution

Quantitative indication of the process of forming a complex comes from the evaluation of the stability constants, which characterize the equilibria corresponding to the successive addition of ligands. A method, involving the use of paper electrophoretic technique is described for the study of binary complex system in solution. Present method is based upon the migration of a spot of metal ions on a paper strip at different pH’s of background electrolyte. A graph of pH against mobility gives information about the binary complexes and permits calculation of their stability constants. The first and second stability constants of [Be(II)-homoserine] and [Co(II)-homoserine] complexes were found to be (7.13 ± 0.02; 6.11 ± 0.09) and (4.27 ± 0.07; 3.47 ± 0.11) (logarithm stability constant values) for Be(II) and Co(II) complexes, respectively, at ionic strength of 0.1 mol/L and a temperature of 35 °C.

Electrophoretic studies on biologically important copper(II), manganese(II) and uranyl(II) binary complexes

Paper electrophoresis is used for the study of equilibria in binary complex systems in solution. The stability constants of ML and ML2 complex species of some metal ions copper(II), manganese(II) and uranyl(II) with a-aminobutenoic acid and hydroxyproline were determined at an ionic strength of 0.1 M and 35 ºC. The stability constants of ML and ML2 complex species of metal(II)-a-aminobutenoic acid and metal(II)– hydroxyproline were found to be [(7.70 ± 0.03, 6.38 ± 0.11), (3.19 ± 0.02, 2.07 ± 0.09), (7.32 ± 0.05, 5.49 ± 0.12)] and [(8.23 ± 0.05, 7.05 ± 0.03), (3.74 ± 0.06, 3.15 ± 0.09), (7.39 ± 0.11, 6.67 ± 0.02)] for copper(II), manganese(II) and uranyl(II) complexes, respectively.