Bimetallic Nanoparticles Research Articles

Characterization of Bimetallic Pd-Fe Nanoparticles Synthesized in Escherichia coli.

Biologically mediated nanoparticle (NP) synthesis offers a reliable and sustainable alternative route for metal NP production. Compared with conventional chemical and physical production methods that require hazardous materials and considerable energy expenditure, some microorganisms can reduce metal ions into NPs during standard metabolic processes. However, to be considered a feasible commercial option, the properties and inherent activity of bio-NPs still need to be significantly improved. In this work, we present an Escherichia coli-mediated synthesis method for catalytically active Pd-Fe NPs. The produced biogenic Pd-Fe NPs with varying Fe content were characterized using complementary analytical techniques to assess their size, composition, and structural properties. In addition, their catalytic performance was assessed by using standardized chemical reactions. We demonstrate that the combination of Pd with Fe leads to synergistic effects that enhance the catalytic performance of Pd NPs and make biogenic Pd-Fe NPs excellent potential substitutes for currently used catalysts. Briefly, the apparent rates for the model reaction of 4-nitrophenol reduction to 4-aminophenol catalyzed by Pd-based nanoparticles were as high as 0.1312 min-1 using bimetallic Pd-Fe NPs, which is far superior to the rates of monometallic Pd NPs counterparts. This study provides a feasible strategy for the synthesis of multimetallic Pd-based NPs using common microbial processes. It emphasizes the potential of biogenic Pd-Fe NPs as efficient and sustainable catalysts for hydrogenation reactions, offering an environmentally friendly synthesis for various applications, including wastewater treatment and the production of fine chemicals.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of miDNA-21 in human serum based on synergistic signal amplification by conducting polymers and bimetallic nanoparticles

MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21) is a class of small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. By leveraging the principle of base complementary pairing, the detection of miRNA-21 can be achieved through its analogue, MicroDNA-21 (miDNA-21), which possesses an identical sequence. Utilizing screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), a conducting polymer (polypyrrole, Ppy), and metal nanocomposites (gold-platinum nanoparticles, Au@Pt NPs) were sequentially electrodeposited to create an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of miDNA-21. This biosensor employed ferrocyanide/ferricyanide (Fe(CN)63−/4−) as the electrochemical signaling probe, and its structure was elucidated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Quantitative detection was facilitated through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), yielding a concentration range and linear fitting equation of 10.00–7.00 × 10.00−14 mol/L: ΔI = 0.5143 lgc + 9.191, R2 = 0.9986. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 2.90 × 10−15 mol/L, with a sensitivity of 9.42 μA/μmol/L·cm2. Subsequent performance assessments confirmed the sensor’s excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Evaluation using the standard addition method, with normal human serum as the matrix, yielded recoveries ranging from 98.97 % to 102.70 %, and relative standard deviation (RSD) values below 1.00 %. These results demonstrate the method’s viability for practical application in detecting miRNA in human serum.

Application of Laser‐Generated Au‐Ag/Al2O3 Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Oxidation of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl) Furfural to 2,5‐Furan‐Dicarboxylic Acid

AbstractConversion of lignocellulosic biomass‐derived 5‐(Hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) into 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has a high potential to replace petroleum‐based feedstocks for the production of plastics. In this study, a green synthesis strategy for the selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA is reported by using laser‐generated and specifically designed bimetallic AuAg nanoparticle catalysts supported on Al2O3 using molecular oxygen as oxidant and water as a solvent. Although supported AuAg catalysts are already known as suitable catalysts for this reaction, the optimal reaction conditions (type of base, reaction temperature, oxygen pressure), Au : Ag composition, role of metal‐support effects and origin of the active site still remain under debate. Interestingly, an Au9Ag1/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest activity with a FDCA yield of up to 66 % at 80 % HMF conversion. Hereby, NaHCO3 (instead of NaOH) as a smoother base in 2 : 1 base:HMF ratio, low oxygen pressures of 5 bar, and a mild temperature of 150 °C were found optimal. The yield remained fairly stable on reuse of the catalyst for 3 cycles without hints of catalyst sintering or leaching. The titration of surficial hydroxyls on the AuxAgy/Al2O3 surface showed the highest density of acidic hydroxyls for the most active Au9Ag1/Al2O3 catalyst. The respective hydroxyls potentially originate from metal‐support interactions between the AuAg nanoparticles with the alumina support and act as Lewis acidic sites that oxidize the alcohol moiety of HMF to form FDCA with high selectively. In summary, this study shows that the catalytic activity of AuAg catalysts in HMF oxidation is not just linked to an alloying effect but also to a metal‐support effect where the AuAg nanoparticles appear to directly affect the local acidity of the support.

Incorporation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) for Use as a Catalyst for Ethanol Oxidation

AbstractRecently, direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have been attaining a crucial role in energy resources and transportable devices. Many of the researchers in DEFCs has begin to engage considerable focus due to their high electrocatalytic activity, enormous stability, portability, and inexpensive. In this study, we present an anchoring of bimetallic Pd‐Cu nanoparticles supported ZIF‐67 catalyst (Pd‐Cu@ZIF‐67) for high‐performance electro‐oxidation of ethanol for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) applications. Structural, morphological, and elemental composition of the proposed catalyst were examined by using UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, FE‐SEM, and EDX. Further, the electrochemical properties of Pd‐Cu@ZIF‐67 catalyst for ethanol oxidation in basic media were explored by using various electrochemical techniques. According to the results, the suggested catalyst showed maximum ECSA (128.7 m2g−1), higher current density (894.06 mA cm−2), durability (750s), and improved long‐term stability (230 cycles) than the other controlled catalysts towards ethanol oxidation reaction. This enhanced of the Pd‐Cu@ZIF‐67 catalyst is to the synergistic effects of Pd‐Cu nanoparticles and outstanding support material (ZIF‐67). These findings highly suggest the Pd‐Cu@ZIF‐67 catalyst as an anodic potential material in fuel cell applications.

Highly efficient in-situ hydrogen generation from Al-ethanol reaction using NiCu bimetallic nanoparticles as catalysts

Highly efficient in-situ hydrogen generation from Al-ethanol reaction using NiCu bimetallic nanoparticles as catalysts

Eco-friendly synthesis and multifaceted environmental applications of AgCu bimetallic nanoparticles

Addressing the escalating challenges of water pollution requires sustainable pollutant remediation solutions, with nanoparticles (NPs) playing a pivotal role as catalysts. This study explores an eco-friendly synthesis of silver-copper bimetallic nanoparticles (AgCu BNPs) using Colocasia esculenta stem extract as a bio-reducing and capping agent. Structural and morphological analyses confirm the formation of alloyed AgCu BNPs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis reveals uniformly dispersed NPs with an average particle size of 8.3 nm. Elemental mapping confirms the homogeneous distribution of silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) within the NPs, verifying successful alloy formation. Comparative studies with monometallic Ag and Cu NPs highlight the superior catalytic efficiency of AgCu BNPs. They demonstrate rapid reduction kinetics for rhodamine B (99.97 % in 12 min) and 4-nitrophenol (88.5 % in 8 min), surpassing Ag NPs and showing comparable efficiency to Cu NPs. Additionally, AgCu BNPs exhibit significant antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, showcasing their potential for multifaceted environmental applications. These findings underscore the need for further research to optimize the potential of BNPs in contemporary environmental remediation.

Cutaneous Wound Healing Activity of Quercetin Functionalized Bimetallic Nanoparticles.

Quercetin, a natural flavonol, is reported to have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which further aids in its good wound healing properties via acting on acute as well as chronic inflammatory phases. The current study is focused on understanding the potential of the green synthesized iron and zinc oxide bimetallic (i.e., zinc ferrite) nanoparticles of quercetin (ZFQNP) on wound healing by in vivostudy model. Bimetallic quercetin nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Synthesized ZFQNP was utilized to prepare the ointment for topical application and wound healing activity was evaluated by using excisional wound method in Wistar rats. The binding affinity of quercetin was ascertained against various wound-healing protein targets by molecular docking. Characterization data confirmed the synthesis of bimetallic ZFQNP of an irregular shape. Molecular docking studies showed satisfactory binding potential of quercetin with selected molecular targets. The study results of various parameters corroborated significant wound-healing properties of ZFQNP, possibly attributed to the promising binding potential of quercetin with vital wound-healing targets. The study demonstrated that the quercetin bimetallic nanoparticles could provide a promising wound-healing effect.

Removal of chlorpyrifos from aqueous medium using Ca-CuO@clay nanoflakes coated with deep eutectic solvent.

Availability of fresh water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural use has become a huge challenge in different parts of the world due to continuous contamination. The leaching of different pesticides in agricultural lands is one of the major sources of water contamination that needs to be monitored and countered. The current study was designed to synthesize specific material for the removal of pesticides from aqueous medium. Facile two-step synthesis of Ca-CuO bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with kaolinite core (Ca-CuO@clay) was achieved via the co-precipitation method. These NPs were then coated with deep eutectic solvent (DES) and characterization of coated and non-coatedNPs was done by SEM, EDX, XRD method, and FTIR analytical techniques. These analyses confirmed the formation of Ca-CuO@clay NPs and coated NPs were foundhavingdual layerstructure; an inner layer composed of Ca-CuO@clay nanoparticles, and an outer layer of DES. Both the coated and non-coated nanoparticles were tested for pesticide removal potential and degradation of the pesticide was confirmed by GCMS analysis. Degradation of Chlorpyrifos up to 62% and 89% was achieved using the coated and non-coated nanoparticles respectively. The results revealed that coating of nanomaterial with DES will be helpful in controlling the surface properties, shelf-life, and stability of the NPs that will surely modifytheir efficiency for different applications. The authors suggest that Ca-CuO@clay NPs can be an excellent choice towards improving wastewater treatment technologies for the removal of pesticides from water medium.

Biosynthesis, characterization, optimization and toxicity studies: Simultaneously synthesized biogenic Pd/Fe bimetallic nanoparticle for the biodegradation of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions

Biosynthesis, characterization, optimization and toxicity studies: Simultaneously synthesized biogenic Pd/Fe bimetallic nanoparticle for the biodegradation of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions

The Use of Isotopic Exchange in Molecular Hydrogen to Study the Physicochemical Properties of Bimetallic Nanoparticles

The Use of Isotopic Exchange in Molecular Hydrogen to Study the Physicochemical Properties of Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Sustainable synthesize of beetroot extract-silver-iron oxide (BE-Ag-Fe2O3) bimetallic nanoparticles for antioxidant studies

In this work, beetroot extract is used to synthesize the silver-iron oxide (Ag-Fe2O3) bimetallic nanoparticles, which are then characterized and used for the antioxidant studies. Phenolic components were found to coat the nanoparticles, according to FT-IR analysis. Tannins and flavonoids in the extract serve as stabilizing and reducing agents. SEM revealed spherical bimetallic nanoparticles that were roughly 40 nm in size. Crystallinity and purity were shown by XRD examination, which also revealed unique reflection peaks. Particle size and zeta potential values clearly confirm that, the prepared bimetallic nanoparticles are in nano size and it is stable in nature. Furthermore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of produced bimetallic nanoparticles are examined, and their efficacy is compared to that of beetroot extract. Beetroot extract-silver-iron oxide (BE-Ag-Fe2O3) bimetallic nanoparticles showed improved radical scavenging effectiveness when compared to DPPH. Moreover, bimetallic nanoparticles demonstrated increased radical scavenging efficacy in relation to DPPH and H2O2. Surprisingly, at 20 mg/ml, the BE-Ag-Fe2O3) bimetallic nanoparticles showed good scavenging activity, reaching 84.65%. The produced bimetallic NPs had greater antioxidant activity than the plant extract, according to an analysis of the total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity data. Electron donation property of main constituent of beetroot extract was analysed by density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Consequently, this work implies that beetroot extract assisted bimetallic NPs could be a flexible material with a range of uses in the biomedical area.Graphical

Modulating electronic density of active metal site via MXene intercalated by alkali ions for superior hydrogen production

As the core of a catalyst, the active site plays a crucial role in determining the activity and selectivity in hydrogen production reactions. Herein, the size and surface electron density of bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered by (alkali ions)-intercalated-Ti3C2Tx MXene, in which alkali ions were removed by water after the intercalation of Ti3C2Tx. The intercalation of alkali ions can effectively increase the interlayer spacing of Ti3C2Tx, enhance the surface accessibility, and improve the interaction between active metal species and Ti3C2Tx, resulting in monodisperse, ultrafine, and surface electron-rich active metal NPs. Resultantly, the obtained NiPt/(Li+)-Ti3C2Tx exhibits an exceptional catalytic performance with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 3200 h−1 toward complete dehydrogenation of N2H4·H2O at 323 K, which is about 43 and 4-times higher than that of pristine NiPt NPs (75 h−1) and them on Ti3C2Tx without alkali ions intercalation (787 h−1), respectively, and surpassing all the reported catalysts for this dehydrogenation reaction. Additionally, this catalyst also shows an ultrahigh catalytic performance (7317 h−1) for complete dehydrogenation of N2H4BH3 under the same reaction conditions. This work for the first time found that the more electrons on the surface of the active center, the better the activity for hydrazine decomposition, providing inspiration for regulating catalytic active sites and designing efficient heterogeneous catalysts to achieve nitrogen-based hydride activation.

Zero Valent Iron/Ni (FeNi) bimetallic heterostructure for scalable fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride/FeNi films and efficient organic contaminant removal under UV/persulfate system

Surface heterogeneity on nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) with an additional metal is expected to enhance the catalytic performance and stability by inhibiting metal corrosion and leaching. The influence of passivation by Ni/NiO on the stability of nZVI is examined through degradation performance of uniformly aged nZVI and nZVI/Ni (FeNi) samples via photo-Fenton like reactions under UV/potassium persulfate (PS) system. FeNi bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) exhibits enhanced degradation than bare nZVI as thin layers of Fe3O4 and NiO which contribute towards photocatalytic degradation and anticorrosive effects by nickel inclusion. FeNi BNPs achieve 98 % degradation for pharmaceutical antibiotic levofloxacin (LEVO) within 120 min and 93 % degradation for Methylene Blue dye (MB) within 60 min, outperforming nZVI. To overcome secondary pollution, a stable polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/FeNi film was fabricated to treat the contaminated water. The free-floating PVDF/FeNi film achieved 95 % degradation of MB and 98.3 % degradation of LEVO, maintaining a degradation efficiency of 95.9 % after five successive cycles. FeNi BNPs are also immobilized in the dialysis membrane resulting in 99.9 % and 99 % removal of MB and LEVO respectively. MB degradation using PVDF/FeNi film is validated through the micro reactor model developed in COMSOL Multiphysics. The parameters determined from the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model include an intrinsic rate constant of 2.18 ×10−6 mol m−3 min−1 and an adsorption constant of 1.43 ×1019 m3 mol−1. This work introduces a cost-effective and scalable technique for the efficient remediation of contaminants in wastewater.

Bimetallic NiCo Nanoparticles Embedded in Organic Group Functionalized Mesoporous Silica for Efficient Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis.

In this study, bimetallic NiCo nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated within the mesopores of carboxylic acid functionalized mesoporous silica (CMS) through the chemical reduction approach. Both NaBH4 and NH3BH3 were used as reducing agents to reduce the metal ions simultaneously. The resulting composite was used as a catalyst for hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) to produce H2. The bimetallic NiCo NPs supported on carboxylic group functionalized mesoporous silica, referred to as NixCo100-x@CMS, exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity for AB hydrolysis compared to their monometallic counterparts. The remarkable activity of NixCo100-x@CMS could be ascribed to the synergistic contributions of Ni and Co, redox reaction during the hydrolysis, and the fine-tuned electronic structure. The catalytic performance of the NixCo100-x@CMS nanocatalyst was observed to be dependent on the composition of Ni and Co. Among all the compositions investigated, Ni40Co60@CMS demonstrated the highest catalytic activity, with a turn over frequency (TOF) of 18.95 molH2min-1molcatalyst-1 and H2 production rate of 8.0 L min-1g-1. The activity of Ni40Co60@CMS was approximately three times greater than that of Ni@CMS and about two times that of Co@CMS. The superior activity of Ni40Co60@CMS was attributed to its finely-tuned electronic structure, resulting from the electron transfer of Ni to Co. Furthermore, the nanocatalyst exhibited excellent durability, as the carboxylate group in the support provided a strong metal-support interaction, securely anchoring the NPs within the mesopores, preventing both agglomeration and leakage.

β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Au@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Plasmonic Sensors for Cysteamine and Efficient Nanocatalysts for Nitrobenzene-to-Aniline Conversion.

We reported the gold/silver core-shell nanoparticles (Aucore@Agshell NPs) functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as versatile nano-agents demonstrated for human urine-based biosensing of cysteamine and catalytic conversion from nitrobenzene (NB) to aniline. First, the hybrid bimetallic nanoparticles, i.e., β-CD-Aucore@Agshell NPs, constituted a colorimetric sensing platform based on localized surface plasmons, enabling cysteamine (Cyst) to be detected in a remarkably rapid manner, i.e., within 2 min, which was greatly shortened in comparison with that of our previous report. This was due largely to use of β-CD being effectively replaceable by Cyst. The detection of Cyst was demonstrated using human urine specimens in the linear range of 25-750 nM with a limit of detection of 1.83 nM. Excellent specificity in detecting Cyst was also demonstrated against potential interfering molecules. Meanwhile, the β-CD-Aucore@Agshell NPs were demonstrated as nanocatalysts for converting NB to aniline with efficiency enhanced by more than three-fold over the pure gold nanoparticles previously reported, due to the dual functions of the structural core-shell. The demonstrated versatile features of the hybrid nanoparticles can find applications in human urine-based biosensors for Cyst detection, and in the screening of Cyst-containing drugs, while detoxicating NB for ecological protection in aqueous media.

Bimetallic peroxide nanoparticles induce PANoptosis by disrupting ion homeostasis for enhanced immunotherapy.

PANoptosis has recently emerged as a potential approach to improve the immune microenvironment. However, current methods for inducing PANoptosis are limited. Herein, through biological screening, the rational use of the nutrient metal ions Cu2+ and Zn2+ had great potential to induce PANoptosis. Inspired by these findings, we successfully developed hydrazided hyaluronic acid-modified zinc copper oxide (HZCO) nanoparticles as a PANoptosis inducer to potentiate immunotherapy. Bioactive HZCO actively delivered Cu2+ and Zn2+ while disrupting the cellular intrinsic ion metabolism pathway, resulting in double-stranded DNA release and organelle damage in cancer cells. Simultaneously, this process triggered the formation of PANoptosome and the activation of PANoptosis. HZCO-induced PANoptosis inhibited tumor growth and activated potent antitumor immune response, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of anti-programmed cell death 1 therapy. Overall, our work provides an insight into the development of PANoptosis inducers and the design of synergistic immunotherapy strategies.

Bimetallic PdPt Nanoparticles Decorated PES Membranes for Enhanced H2 Separation.

Hydrogen separation has significant importance in diverse applications ranging from clean energy production to gas purification. Membrane technology stands out as a low-cost and efficient method to address the purpose. The development of efficient gas-sensitive materials can further bolster the membrane's performance. In this pursuit, bimetallic PdPt nanoparticles were synthesized using a wet chemical approach and were strategically decorated onto poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes. The fibrous morphology of the PES membranes provided an ideal platform for the decoration of nanoparticles, promising enhanced gas transport properties. Prior to the attachment of nanoparticles, the membranes were pretreated under UV light to enhance their surface properties and facilitate improved adhesion. The synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for their morphological and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the engineered membranes were characterized using various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with rigorous scrutiny to ensure a comprehensive understanding of their structural, chemical, and morphological properties. The membranes were examined for their separation performance using pure H2, N2, and CO2 gases, and the results revealed a 30% increment in H2 permeability and 40 and 42% increments in H2/CO2 and H2/N2 selectivity, respectively. These findings confirmed the critical role of tailored material design and synthesis strategies in advancing membrane technologies for H2 separation applications.

Improving the thermochromic performance of VO2 films by embedding Cu-Al nanoparticles as heterogeneous nucleation cores in the VO2/VO2 bilayer structure

VO2-based films show great potential applications in thermochromic smart windows. However, enhancing luminous transmittance (Tlum) while maintaining high solar modulation ability (ΔTsol) remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present a novel VO2/Cu-Al nanoparticles (NPs)/VO2 composite film structure, seamlessly integrating Cu-Al bimetallic NPs within VO2 films by pulsed laser deposition on alkali-free glass substrates. The content of Cu-Al NPs in the composite films is controlled by the pulse number (Np) applied to the Cu-Al alloy target. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the crystallinity of VO2 films is significantly enhanced by the incorporation of an appropriate amount of Cu-Al NPs. The SEM characterization results revealed that the particle size of VO2 composite films initially increases to approximately 131 nm and subsequently decreases to around 120 nm as Np increases, with a concurrent transition in particle shape from quasi-circular to elongated. The Tlum and ΔTsol of the resulting composite films were dramatically improved to 71.6 % and 9.5 %, respectively, when Np was 300. These enhanced thermochromic properties are attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the VO2 particles. This research opens up a promising avenue for the convenient production of customized high-quality VO2 films tailored for smart window applications.

A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Bimetallic and Trimetallic Pt Nanoparticles Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for The Selective Detection of Uric Acid

Determination of uric acid in urine is very important in the diagnosis of urinary system disorders. Therefore, rapid, cost-effective, and stable measurement of uric acid is of great importance. In this study, platinum-based (Pt) bimetallic and trimetallic NPs modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) synthesized by arc discharge method were synthesized using the electrochemical synthesis method. According to the TEM results of the obtained Platinum -Nickel @MWCNT (PtNi@MWCNT), and Platinum – Nickel – Iridium@MWCNT (PtNiIr@MWCNT) Nanoparticles (NPs), the MWCNT outer diameters were 18-19 nm, and the particle distributions were 8.55 nm and 7.27 nm for PtNi and PtIrNi, respectively. The obtained NPs were used for the detection of Uric acid (UA) and very low detection limits were obtained. According to the DPV results, the (Limit of Detection) LOD, and (Limit of Quantification) LOQ values for PtNi@MWCNT in the linear range of 0.03 -1.63 µM were found to be 0.08 µM - 0.24µM, respectively. For the PtIrNi@MWCNT sensor; LOD and LOQ values obtained in the linear range of 0.03 µM-0.43 µM were found to be 0.019 µM -0.058 µM. The selectivity test also showed that the sensors were highly selective for UA. The results obtained showed that the sensors offer a very high potential for the determination of uric acid.

Impact of Green-synthesized Copper Silver Nanoparticles Against Human Colon Cancer Cells Utilizing Sargassum muticum Extract in Terms of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis

Background and Objectives Brown seaweed, Sargassum muticum, can grow up to a maximum length of 10 m. This study aimed to create novel bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by utilizing the entire plant extract. The bimetallic green-Ag-CuNPs was synthesized by using these substances extract of Sargassum muticum algae, copper oxide (CuO), silver (AgCl) by a reduction procedure and studied its toxic action against human colon cancer (HCT-116) cells. Methods SEM and TEM were used to measure the NPs’ size prior to the treatment of g-Ag-Cu NPs. The g-Ag-Cu nanoparticles had a circular shape and measured 46 ± 1 nm in size. MTT and NRU tests were used to assess the cytotoxicity of g-Ag-Cu NPs on HCT-116 cells. Results The results showed that the cytotoxicity of NPs increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) for HCT-116 cells at 24 h was determined to be 66.4 μg/ml based on the MTT result. At 50 µg/ml of g-Ag-Cu NPs, HCT-116 cells generated large amounts of intracellular ROS, induced caspase 3/7. Using Rhodamine123 labeling, the impact of NPs on mitochondrial membrane potential in HCT-116 cells was evaluated and it was highly compromised at 50 µg/ml of g-Ag-Cu NPs. Expression of apoptotic protein was assessed by using protein array methods and it was down and up regulated as per concentration of exposure of g-Ag-Cu NPs. Conclusion Our findings support the g-Ag-Cu NPs’ lethal effects on human colon cancer cells. We believe that because this nanoparticle increases cytotoxicity and triggers apoptosis, it may be useful as a supplement in the treatment of colon cancer.