Bilge Pump Research Articles

Zooplankton community dynamics in response to water trophic state in integrated multitrophic aquaculture

Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) is an alternative means to optimize feed usage in aquaculture which combines species of different trophic levels. The addition of substrate to IMTA has also been used to promote a lower release of phosphorus, thus minimizing eutrophication and impacts of effluents. In these aquaculture systems, the zooplankton community is important because it acts as a link in trophic chains. This study aimed to verify the dynamics and the structure of the zooplankton community in IMTA (tilapia-prawn), in response to trophic conditions in earthen ponds with different substrates. The object of the study was 12 earthen ponds organized in three treatments: no substrate (control), geotextile substrate, and bamboo substrate. Zooplankton samples were taken biweekly through a water bilge pump. Rotifers and microcrustaceans were identified and counted to determine changes in community diversity during the experiment. Eutrophication was determined through phosphorus and chlorophyll water concentrations. There were no differences in zooplankton communities among treatments, even though increases in levels of eutrophication of the system heavily influenced this community, by altering its diversity and abundance. Small organisms were the most representative ones under polyculture eutrophic conditions.

Maintenance of Bilge Pump on Ship Trawl SPL IX Owned PT. Sinar Pesona Laut

A pump is a machine or device that raises liquid from a low surface to a higher surface or moves liquid from a low-pressure to a high-pressure area. A centrifugal pump is a machine or equipment used to provide energy to a fluid (liquid) based on the centrifugal force generated by a rotating impeller. So that the liquid can be moved or moved from one place to another. As it receives energy through the impeller, the fluid velocity will increase. This kinetic energy is then converted into compressive energy by the pump housing (casing) in the form of a spiral (volute) or a centrifugal pump or fixed blades (diffuser) surrounding the impeller so that the liquid exits the pump at a high speed. The maintenance method for the bilge pump auxiliary machine is carried out in 6 stages, namely, the first stage opening the filter box, the second stage removing the inner filter and filter box cover gasket, the third stage installing new anti-rust on the inside of the filter box cover, the fourth stage removing the box filter connecting faucet and the bilge pump pipeline, the fifth stage opens the connection of the pipe and the bilge pump, the sixth stage ensures that all components of the bilge pump are firmly installed and perform operational test

Proposed Design Criteria for a Bilge Pumping System for Large Container Ships

The IMO’s Goal-Based Standards (GBS) in the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS) sets the high-level goals (GBS Tier 1 and 2) and classification societies acting as recognized organizations (ROs) should develop detailed rules and regulations in order to meet the goals (GBS Tier 4). Even though the GBS requirements are applicable to new build construction standards of bulk carriers and oil tankers at present, given that IMO may develop goal-based standards for other safety areas, it will be meaningful to examine the bilge pumping system requirements in the context of principles of Goal-Based Standards. The bilge pumping system is one of the most important systems in ships but there is no requirement for its performance except for the 2 m/s speed of water requirement and the internal diameter of bilge main prescribed in SOLAS. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate bilge pumping performance of actual ships in service and to propose an alternative set of performance standards. The rules of Classification Societies were investigated, and the bilge pumping performance was quantitatively evaluated using specifications of a 14,000 TEU class container ship. As a result of the investigation, it was found that satisfying the 2 m/s requirement under many operating conditions was impossible, and the rules and regulations to determine the internal diameter of bilge main and the capacity of bilge pump did not meet intended purpose of the 2 m/s speed of water requirement. Finally, a set of design criteria are proposed to fulfil the intended purpose of the 2 m/s requirement of SOLAS.

All at sea during COVID-19 – anyone got a bilge pump?

All at sea during COVID-19 – anyone got a bilge pump?

Design and fabrication of an aerator cum oxygen accumulator for live fish transport

Bangladesh secured the third position in freshwater fish and fisheries product producing country where around 4.134 million metric ton of fish is extracted annually. Fish transporting in traditional method reduces fish freshness and thus causes serious economic loss. Further, for live fish transportation, maintaining water quality is a challenge, with the course of time, oxygen, pH and temperature of water deteriorate. Considering this issue, a study was undertaken to construct simple, low energy consumed aerator-cum-oxygen accumulator for live fish transport. A 12-volt 3-ampere DC motor operated 1100 GPH bilge pump was modified with the venturi principle to construct the aerator. The experiment was conducted to evaluate its performance for live fish transport and compared with the results in a condition of with and without an aerator. 45 (forty-five) numbers of Rohu fish (Labeo Rohita) with an average weight of 378 g were put in a tank of 650 liters for this experiment. After six hours of the test, different parameters were measured in both conditions. With the device, dissolved oxygen and pH level were found as 9.3 mg/l and 7.8 and without the device, dissolved oxygen and pH level were found 6.2 mg/l and 7.1, respectively in six hours of operation. On the other hand, without the device, the dissolved oxygen level decreased from 6.5 mg/l to 2.2 mg/l and pH level increased from 8.30 to 9.70 in six hrs of the test. Besides, by using, the device mortality rate of fishes was zero but without the device, the mortality rate was 11.11%. Water temperature changing was insignificant during the experiment. Results indicate that for reducing losses of fish and increase the income of fisherman, this device might be suitable for live fish transport.
 
 J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 592–598, 2019

Soiled airway tracheal intubation and the effectiveness of decontamination by paramedics (SATIATED): a randomised controlled manikin study.

Introduction:Vomiting and regurgitation are commonly encountered in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), with a reported incidence of 20–30%. This is of concern since patients who have suffered an OHCA are already in extremis. If standard suctioning techniques are not sufficient to maintain a clear airway and provide ventilation, then these patients will die, irrespective of the quality of chest compressions and the timeliness of defibrillation. This study aimed to determine whether a short teaching session of the suction assisted laryngoscopy and airway decontamination (SALAD) technique improved paramedics’ ability to successfully intubate a contaminated airway.Methods:A modified airway manikin with the oesophagus connected to a reservoir of ‘vomit’, and a bilge pump capable of propelling the vomit up into the oropharynx, was used to simulate a soiled airway. The intervention consisted of a brief SALAD training session with a demonstration and opportunity to practice. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: AAB, who made two pre-training intubation attempts and one post-training attempt, and ABB, who made one pre-training and two post-training attempts, to adjust for improvement in performance due to repetition.Results:In this manikin study, following a brief SALAD training session, more paramedics were able to intubate a soiled airway on their first attempt, compared to those without training (90.2% vs. 53.7%, difference of 36.6%, 95% CI 24–49.1%, p < 0.001). In addition, the mean difference in time taken to perform a successful intubation between groups was statistically significant for attempts 1 and 2 (mean difference 11.71 seconds, 95% CI 1.95–21.47 seconds, p = 0.02), but not attempts 1 and 3 (mean difference –2.52 seconds, 95% CI –11.64–6.61 seconds, p = 0.58). This result is likely to be confounded by the use of tracheal suction, which only occurred in the post-training attempts and added additional time to the intubation attempts. There was no statistically significant difference in success rates on the third attempt between AAB and ABB (89.0% vs. 86.6%, difference 2.4%, 95% CI 7.6–12.4%, p = 0.63).Conclusion:In this study, the use of the SALAD technique significantly improved first attempt success rates when paramedics were intubating a simulated soiled airway.

Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Untuk Eksplorasi Bawah Air Di Lingkungan Industri Perkapalan

Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is one of the robots that are being developed in Indonesia for exploring underwater potential. In this final project, the ROV was designed and controlled by Arduino for diving underwater with maximum depth of 30 meters. The application of ROV is that to take pictures and record video of underwater environment in real time by using camera monitored through a PC. The construction and the electronics device of the ROV were made waterproof. The actuator used was bilge pump motor 1100GPH 12 Volt as thruster motor. The thruster driver used was a two channel-relay and the vision system of robot was a CCD camera. Based on the results, it was obtained that the ROV was able to move according to the commands provided by operator using a remote control. At three meters depth, the robot can move forward with average speed of 0.161m/s. For up and down movement at 3 meters depth, the robot can go up with average speed of 0.09 m/s and down with average speed of 0.17 m/s. From the data, it can be concluded that the ROV can maneuver and use the camera properly.

Design and calculation of mechanical system for solar-powered electric boat

Indonesian government has a flagship program that is to promote the nation through the maritime sector and make Indonesia as Global Maritime Fulcrum. To achieve that, sea transportation is very important for the development of Indonesia. But sea transportation is also the highest contributor to the air pollution and global warming. In order to reduce the source of global warming Indonesian Government has a strategic plan to gradually replace the use of fossil energy with renewable energy. One of the renewable energy that can be used effectively in Indonesia is solar energy, because Indonesia located along the equator and has a high intensity of sunlight that means it has excellent solar energy availability. In attempt to contribute to the Government’s energy strategic plan, the research is aimed to design a solar-powered electric boat with single pilot. The project is a further development of the solar boat created by the Universitas Indonesia team that participated in the International Solar-boat Challenge competition in the Netherlands. The paper is focused on the design and calculation of its mechanical system. The system is divided into propulsion system, steering system, and bilge pump system. The research is conducted based on literature study, discussion with experts, and surveys to the solar-powered electric boat had been designed previously for the race. Collected data are then used as input for the calculation and simulation of the vessel being designed. It is expected that the study could optimize the mechanical system of the solar-powered electric boat, and can be developed for recreational use in Indonesian waters.

Study on dynamic characteristics of double cylinder double acting bilge pump transmission

In view of the complex structure of the ship bilge pump, the excitation source in the process of work is difficult to accurately determine the fault condition of the bilge pump through the vibration test data. Based on the theory of multi - body dynamics, rotor dynamics and electrical mechanics, the kinematics and kinetic equations of the bilge pump drive are established, and the dynamics, kinematics and vibration characteristics of bottom Pump drive analysis of the cabin is carried out. The frequency of the excitation force corresponding to the transmission mechanism is deduced, and the frequency of the excitation force of the main transmission is calculated.

Development of an elution device for ViroCap virus filters

Environmental surveillance of waterborne pathogens is vital for monitoring the spread of diseases, and electropositive filters are frequently used for sampling wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface water. Viruses adsorbed to electropositive filters require elution prior to detection or quantification. Elution is typically facilitated by a peristaltic pump, although this requires a significant startup cost and does not include biosafety or cross-contamination considerations. These factors may pose a barrier for low-resource laboratories that aim to conduct environmental surveillance of viruses. The objective of this study was to develop a biologically enclosed, manually powered, low-cost device for effectively eluting from electropositive ViroCap™ virus filters. The elution device described here utilizes a non-electric bilge pump, instead of an electric peristaltic pump or a positive pressure vessel. The elution device also fully encloses liquids and aerosols that could contain biological organisms, thereby increasing biosafety. Moreover, all elution device components that are used in the biosafety cabinet are autoclavable, reducing cross-contamination potential. This device reduces costs of materials while maintaining convenience in terms of size and weight. With this new device, there is little sample volume loss due to device inefficiency, similar virus yields were demonstrated during seeded studies with poliovirus type 1, and the time to elute filters is similar to that required with the peristaltic pump. The efforts described here resulted in a novel, low-cost, manually powered elution device that can facilitate environmental surveillance of pathogens through effective virus recovery from ViroCap filters while maintaining the potential for adaptability to other cartridge filters.

Bilge water as a vector for the spread of marine pests: a morphological, metabarcoding and experimental assessment

Vessel movements are considered the primary anthropogenic pathway for the secondary spread of marine non-indigenous species. In comparison to the well-studied mechanisms of hull fouling and ballast water, the importance of bilge water for domestic and cross-regional spread of non-indigenous species is largely unknown and has the potential to compromise the overall effectiveness of biosecurity management actions. In this study, the diversity and abundance of biological material contained in bilge water from 30 small vessels (<20 m) was assessed using traditional and molecular identification tools (metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA gene). Laboratory-based studies were also used to investigate the relationship between voyage duration and propagule success. A large taxonomic diversity in organisms was detected, with 118 and 45 distinct taxa identified through molecular and morphological analyses, respectively. Molecular techniques identified five species recognised as non-indigenous to the study region in 23 of the 30 bilge water samples analysed. Larvae and fragments passed through an experimental bilge pump system relatively unharmed. Time spent in the bilge sump was found to affect discharge success, particularly of short-lived and sensitive larvae, but survival for 3 days was observed. Our findings show that bilge water discharges are likely to pose a non-negligible biosecurity threat and that further research to identify high-risk vessel operating profiles and potential mitigation measures are warranted.

INSTALASI PERMESINAN PADA KAPAL PSP 01

Kapal PSP 01 merupakan kapal latih sekaligus kapal penangkap ikan yang dimiliki oleh Departemen Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan (PSP), Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan (FPIK), IPB. Kapal ini menggunakan tenaga penggerak inboard engine berjenis diesel empat langkah yang berasal dari truk Mitsubishi Canter dengan tipe 4D30-C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan modifikasi instalasi permesinan di Kapal PSP 01 dan mendeskripsikan kesesuaian instalasi permesinannya mengacu pada pedoman FAO tahun 2009 tentang Safety Guide for Small Fishing Boats. Pendekatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus dimana dilakukan pengamatan dan pengumpulan data yang meliputi modifikasi pada instalasi permesinan Kapal PSP 01 serta kesesuaiannya terhadap pedoman FAO tentang safety guide for small fishing boats. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa mesin kapal PSP 01 dimodifikasi pada bagian sistem penyalaan, sistem bahan bakar, sistem pelumasan, sistem transmisi, dan sistem pendingin mesin. Berdasarkan pedoman FAO tahun 2009 tentang Safety Guide for Small Fishing boats, instalasi permesinan Kapal PSP 01 dalam hal sistem pompa lambung terpenuhi 58,33%, sistem bahan bakar terpenuhi 52,63%, sistem pembuangan gas pembakaran terpenuhi 33.33%, ventilasi kamar mesin terpenuhi 0%, rangkaian instalasi kelistrikan terpenuhi 85,71%, instalasi baterai terpenuhi 100%, pemeriksaan harian sebelum menyalakan mesin terpenuhi 75%, pemeriksaan harian setelah menyalakan mesin terpenuhi 100%, pemeriksaan tiap empat belas hari terpenuhi sebesar 20%, dan pemeriksaan tiap 100-150 jam setelah mesin beroperasi terpenuhi sebesar 0%.

The Marausa Wreck, Sicily: interim report on a boat built in the Western Imperial Roman tradition

In 1991, the wreck of a late 3rd–early 4th century AD Roman merchant vessel was discovered on the west coast of Sicily that had carried North African amphora, tubuli, and other ceramics. The hull was dismantled and raised in 2011, including a keel hook-scarfed to stem and sternposts, 39 pegged mortise-and-tenon joined planks, 43 frames with an irregular pattern of floor-timbers, half-timbers, and futtocks fastened to the planking with treenails and copper nails, sister-keelsons and evidence of two stringers, 36 ceiling strakes, and the base of a bilge pump. Many repairs are indicated. The fairly flat bottom and round bilges, mortise-and-tenons, sister-keelsons and lack of a coherent framing pattern, place the boat in the Western Imperial tradition.

Gastric lavage as a non-lethal method for stingray (Myliobatiformes) diet sampling

Understanding the trophic interactions of ecologically important mesopredators such as Myliobatiformes (stingrays) is vital, but, given their susceptibility to overexploitation, the collection of stomach contents for dietary analysis necessitates the use of non-lethal methods. We provide a detailed method of using gastric lavage to collect stomach contents from the ‘Vulnerable’ porcupine ray Urogymnus asperrimus at the St Joseph Atoll of the Amirantes Group, Seychelles. Rays were captured by hand, inverted and restrained while a plastic hose, connected to a bilge pump, was inserted into the stomach to flush out the contents. A high percentage (94.5%) of gastric lavage attempts resulted in the collection of stomach contents. There was no visual evidence of stress or short-term, post-release mortality and, given the success and relative ease of this technique, we conclude that the described method of gastric lavage is an effective, non-lethal means of obtaining stomach contents from stingrays.

Forensic fingerprinting and source identification of the 2009 Sarnia (Ontario) oil spill

This paper presents a case study in which integrated forensic oil fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques were used to characterize the chemical compositions and determine the source of the 2009 Sarnia (Ontario) oil spill incident. The diagnostic fingerprinting techniques include determination of hydrocarbon groups and semi-quantitative product-type screening via gas chromatography (GC), analysis of oil-characteristic biomarkers and the extended suite of parent and alkylated PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) homologous series via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), determination and comparison of a variety of diagnostic ratios of "source-specific marker" compounds, and determination of the weathering degree of the spilled oil, and whether the spilled oil hydrocarbons have been mixed with any other "background" chemicals (biogenic and/or pyrogenic hydrocarbons). The detailed chemical fingerprinting data and results reveal the following: (1) all four samples are mixtures of diesel and lubricating oil with varying percentages of diesel to lube oil. Both samples 1460 and 1462 are majority diesel-range oil mixed with a smaller portion of lube oil. Sample 1461 contains slightly less diesel-range oil. Sample 1463 is majority lubricating-range oil. (2) The diesel in the four diesel/lube oil mixture samples was most likely the same diesel and from the same source. (3) The spill sample 1460 and the suspected-source sample 1462 have nearly identical concentrations and distribution patterns of target analytes including TPHs, n-alkane, PAHs and biomarker compounds; and have nearly identical diagnostic ratios of target compounds as well. Furthermore, a perfect "positive match" correlation line (with all normalized ratio data points falling into the straight correlation line) is clearly demonstrated. It is concluded that the spill oil water sample 1460 (#1, from the water around the vessel enclosed by a boom) matches with the suspected source sample 1462 (#3, from the vessel engine room bilge pump). (4) From the n-alkane and PAH analysis, it appears that the oil in the spill sample 1460 is slightly more weathered in comparison with sample 1462. The minor differences in fingerprints of two samples were most likely caused by weathering effects. (5) Sample 1461 (#2, from the vessel engine room bilge) and sample 1463 (#4, from the vessel bilge waste collection tank) demonstrated significantly different fingerprints and diagnostic ratios of target compounds from that of spill sample 1460. This was caused most likely by percentages of diesel to lube oil in these two samples different from that in spill sample 1460.

Thorny burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum L.) in a Roman shipwreck off the Israeli coast and the role of non-timber shrubs in ancient Mediterranean ships

This paper describes and discusses twigs of the dwarf shrub thorny burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum L.) found in association with submerged remains of a Roman (4th century AD) shipwreck discovered off the Israeli Carmel coast. The twigs were recovered from within a crumpled lead container, interpreted as part of a bilge pump. The find demonstrates again that, under certain favourable circumstances, fragile botanical material can be preserved on ancient shipwreck sites. Similar twigs found previously in association with shipwrecks have been identified as dunnage, i.e. packing material intended to protect the cargo. In this particular case they were apparently used as a bilge pump filter. Thorny burnet grows profusely in the Eastern Mediterranean, but elsewhere only in a few isolated coastal areas most of which are in the vicinity of ancient ports. The wider implications of the past use of non-timber shrubs onboard ships is discussed, in particular, how this may have promoted colonisation by plants of areas beyond their natural distribution, and also how botanical material recovered from shipwrecks may help identify ancient sailing routes and ports of call.

Cell Volume Regulation in Cardiac Myocytes: A Leaky Boat Gets a New Bilge Pump

The fundamental precepts by which animal cells regulate their volume under isosmotic conditions have long been studied and are known, at least to a degree suitable for textbook exposition (for early references see [Macknight and Leaf, 1977][1]; [Baumgarten and Feher, 2001][2]). The usual starting

Plugged Up

Without a good bilge pump, ships can flood and sink--and so can cells. After a stroke, a cellular pump protein breaks down, allowing a deadly accumulation of calcium, new results reveal. The study uncovers a protein-eating molecule that dismantles the channel and suggests that preventing the razing might stave off stroke damage.

Linking the Culpability and Circumstantial Evidence Requirements for the Spoliation Inference

In the summer of 1989, Donald Vodusek, Sr., fueled his boat for a family trip from Pasadena, Maryland, to Baltimore’s inner harbor. Approximately thirty minutes after he siphoned gas into the cabin cruiser in preparation for departure, Vodusek turned on the boat’s bilge pump. Tragically, the boat exploded. Vodusek suffered secondand third-degree burns and died three months later due to burnrelated complications. Shirley Vodusek, Donald’s wife, filed suit in federal district court against the boat’s manufacturer, Bayliner Marine Corporation, and the retail dealer of the boat, Stammer’s Marine Center, Inc., alleging that a faulty bilge pump switch ignited vapors from a leaky fuel system to cause the fatal explosion. Vodusek retained Douglas Halsey, an expert in marine vessel safety, to examine the boat and to present testimony supporting Vodusek’s theory. During the pretrial

Identifying Hazards in Complex Ecological Systems. Part 2: Infection Modes and Effects Analysis for Biological Invasions

This paper describes a rigorous and systematic hazard analysis, called infection modes and effects analysis (named after its industrial counterpart failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA)), which was used to investigate the potential spread of marine organisms by human vectors. The analysis was conducted using small craft as a model system and implemented through nine workshops targeted at owners and operators of fishing vessels, motor cruisers, yachts and trailerable boats, operating out of local ports in southeastern Australia. It identified seven vessel components, divided into various sub-components, and eight infection modes. Each sub-component/infection mode combination represents a possible vector for the spread of marine organisms. The analysis identified a total of 215 sub-component/infection mode combinations for displacement vessels and a further 71 combinations for trailerable vessels, which were then prioritised. Water retention and internal fouling of seawater and grey water inlets, internal fouling of sonar tubes and water (and sediment) retention in sewage holding tanks were identified as the main vectors of a displacement vessel. The burley bucket and water (and sediment) retention in the anchor well and bilge pump were identified as the main vectors of a trailerable vessel. This is the first time that FMEA, or a variant of it, has been applied to biological invasions. The analysis demonstrates that rigorous hazard identification techniques, originally designed for complex industrial systems, can be modified for use in ecological systems.