Bilateral Canine Class Research Articles

Facial Profile and Characteristics of Occlusal Features in Primary Dentition among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Southern Nigeria

Objective: To assess the facial profile and characteristic features of occlusion in primary dentition among paediatric dental patients in a teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 224 children aged 2 to 5 years who visited the paediatric dental clinic over one year with the full complements of their primary dentition. All the children were screened for molar and canine relations, overjet, overbite, anthropoid and developmental spaces, as well as their facial profiles, and the data were recorded. Data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 21.0, Chicago). The Chi-square test analyzed categorical data with a level of significance for all statistical tests set at a probability value of less than 0.05.
 Results: Bilateral flush terminal plane molar relationship was the most prevalent in 126(56%), followed by the mesial step 84(37.5%). Molar relationship and gender were statistically significant (P= 0.001). Bilateral canine class I was the most common relationship in 189(84.4%), bilateral normal overjet in 191(85.3%) and bilateral normal overbite in 183(81.7%). The majority of the developmental spaces were in the maxilla 136(60.7%) and mostly among males (69%); this was statistically significant (p=0.023). Anthropoid spaces were most prevalent in the maxilla 198(88.4%) and among males (94%), which was statistically significant (p=0.019). Straight facial profile was the most common profile 147(65.6%), although more in males (67%), it was not statistically significant (p=0.823).
 Conclusion: The study's most prevalent facial and occlusal characteristics were the straight facial profile, bilateral flush terminal relationship, class 1 canine, normal overjet, normal overbite, and maxillary anthropoid and developmental spaces. Revealed in this study were mostly desirable occlusal features but with some occlusal characteristics that deviate from the norm.

OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRIMARY DENTITION AMONG A SAMPLE OF YEMENI PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Objective: The occlusal features change dynamically in the growing children and any disruption in the complex craniofacial growth process may lead to malocclusion, which is a major concern for the pediatric community because of its effects on dental function and beauty, as well as on the child's psyche. The aim of the present study was to study the prevalence of different occlusal traits in the primary dentition of the randomly selected pre-school children from three to five years in the city of Sana’a, Yemen.
 Methods: The study includes 1106 pre-school children subjected to a dental examination performed in the school premise, using the Foster and Hamilton criteria for occlusal traits. As well as inter- and intra-calibration tests were conducted for assessing the degree of agreeability.
 Results: Results of the study showed that the Bilateral flush terminal molar relationship was found in 60%, bilateral mesial step in 27.9%, asymmetrical relationship in 8.5% and distal step in 3.5% of tested children. The Bilateral canine class I was detected in 62.8%, asymmetrical relationship (13.6%), class II (12.5%) and class III (11.1%). Normal over-jet (OJ) of 1-3 mm was identified in 39.2%, decreased OJ <1 mm (32.7%) and edge-to-edge (8.8%). Ideal over-bite (OB) of 1-50% was detected in 64.5% and increased OB of > 50% (19.7%).
 Conclusion: In conclusion theBilateral flush terminal molar, class I canine relationships, normal overjet (OJ) of 1-3mm were the most commonly found sagittal occlusal traits in the current study. Ideal over-bite (OB) of 1-50% were identified in more than half of the children.
 Peer Review History: 
 Received 2 February 2020; Revised 21 February; Accepted 3 March, Available online 15 March 2020
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 Received file 
 
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
 Reviewer(s) detail:
 Name: Aya Mohammed Mohammed Essawy
 Affiliation: MTI University- Mokattam, Egypt
 E-mail: aya.essawy@gmail.com
 
 Name: Dr. Nada Farrag
 Affiliation: Misr International University, Egypt
 E-mail: Nada_Hazem87@hotmail.com
 Comments of reviewer(s): 
 
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EXPANSIÓN MAXILAR EN LA CORRECCIÓN DE MORDIDA CRUZADA POSTERIOR DERECHA.

Se presenta un paciente de 11 años de edad, en el análisis intraoral se diagnosticó como: paciente clase I esquelética, crecimiento normodivergente, clase II molar derecha, clase I molar izquierda, clase II canina bilateral, mordida cruzada en los dientes 12; 22; 24 y 25 y posterior derecha, apiñamiento severo superior y leve en inferior. El tratamiento consistió en: Expansión transversal, Alineación, nivelación, stripping, detallado, ratención, la aparatología utilizada Expansor con tornillo tipo Hyrax (9 mm) inferiores brackets prescripción Roth 0,22 x 0,28; bandas en los molares 6’s superiores, tubos bondables en los molares 16, 26 superiores y los 17 y 27 superiores e inferiores. La retención estuvo a cargo de un retenedor circunferencial con cinturón vestibular superior, y Hawley inferior con cinturón vestibular. Palabras clave: mordida cruzada posterior derecha.

Crowding correction through extraction of a lower incisor

ABSTRACT Tooth-bone discrepancy, or crowding in the lower arch, is traditionally corrected by removing first or second premolars; the extraction of a lower incisor is an uncommon approach but presents another treatment alternative. Treatment goal: to present the case report of a patient who was given this alternative treatment. The patient had 15 years 4 months of age. The intraoral analysis revealed a normodivergent skeletal class I with bilateral molar class I, bilateral canine class I, decreased overbite, and increased overjet. She had lower moderate and mild upper crowding as well as a habit of digital suction. Treatment time was one year and four months.

Patient with severe crowding: orthodontic management with Empower self-ligating brackets

The case of a patient of 16 years 9 months of age whose chief complaint was «crooked teeth» with skeletal class II, hyperdivergent growth, bilateral molar class I, bilateral canine class II, severe maxillary and mandibular crowding and deviated midlines is hereby reported. The patient did not refer any habit. The treatment consisted in alignment, leveling, detailed and retention with the following appliances: 0.022” x 0.028” Roth prescription brackets. The active treatment time was 1 years 7 months. Thermoformed acetate retainers were placed in the upper and lower arches as well as fixed retainers from teeth #13-23 and 33-43. The treatment was successful obtaining bilateral canine and molar class I, normal overjet and overbite, matching dental midlines, good intercuspation and a harmonic facial profile.

Class III malocclussion correction through surgical-orthodontic treatment

Patient treated in the clinic of Orthodontics of the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, referring as reason for consultation «I can not eat comfortably and I feel ashamed of my facial appearance». A full dentofacial study was conducted. The patient was diagnosed with a skeletal class III malocclusion caused by maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism. Surgical-orthodontic treatment was determined. The patient and his parents were informed about the treatment, risks, benefi ts, advantages and disadvantages, duration of treatment, costs and post-operatory care. Once the treatment plan was accepted, the objectives were to achieve skeletal class I as well as bilateral canine class I and molar class II. 0.022 Roth appliance placement was indicated with upper 1st premolars extractions, going through the stages of alignment, leveling and space closure. We worked as a team with the Department of Surgery. A successful treatment of pre-surgical orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery (maxillary advancement and mandibular retroposition) was achieved thus obtaining as a result skeletal class I, canine class I and bilateral molar class II. The patient recovered his chewing function and self-esteem by being aesthetically accepted by society.

Extraction of a lower incisor as a treatment alternative in orthodontic treatment. Case report

Male pacient, 17 years 2 months of age, with a slight facial assimetry and convex profile. He was a hyperdivergent skeletal class II with bilateral molar class I, bilateral cuspid class II, mild crowding on the upper and lower arches, OD 31 with a bucal possition, increased overbite, and normal over jet. It was determined as a treatment plan: the use of MBT technique slot 0.022, extraction of the first maxillary bicuspids and one mandibular incisor as an alternative for dental compensation due to the degree of crowding. Functional bilateral molar class II and a bilateral canine class I was obtained as well as anormal overbite and overjet, incisor guidance and harmonic smile.

Residual orthodontic problems of patients treated externally from the Clinic of the Center of Medical Specialties of the State of Veracruz «Dr. Rafael Lucio» (CEMEV)

At the CEMEV Orthodontics clinic arrive patients who have previously received orthodontic treatment externally and who present different alterations. The objective of this research project was to describe the residual problems that these orthodontic patients have. In order to do this we conducted a review of the clinical records to find the initial diagnosis. 49 clinical charts were reviewed: 75% belonged to female patients with ages between 18 and 30 years. The more frequently found orthodontic problems were: molar class II on the right side, bilateral canine class II, upper midline deviation toward the right in relation to the facial midline and a lower midline deviation to the right, convex profile and upper lip protrusion. It was concluded that most patient’s treatment time was two to three years. Dental anomalies were the most frequent problem followed by skeletal issues. Therefore it is important for orthodontic treatment to be performed by a specialist.