Big Country Research Articles

A Study on the Evolution of Oil Trade Relations Between Japan and Russia from Geopolitical Perspective

The research on the relationship between international trade and geopolitics has garnered extensive attention. However, there are still numerous aspects worth discussing in the study of the impact of East Asian geopolitics on its economic and trade exchanges. This paper analyzes the changes in the oil trade policy of Japan and Russia under the influence of international relations between ecology and geopolitics. This article also examines the distinct dilemmas of Japan and Russia and the trend of international relations. That is, Russia is facing the blockade of its energy economy and trade by Western countries, and Japan is facing the problem of oil trade simplification, as well as the impact and influence of the international environment and the policies of the two countries. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. Japan should seek a trade balance among big countries flexibly and pragmatically. As a big country, Russia should assume a leadership role in global trade while pursuing mutually beneficial and win-win results with other countries.

Industrial information integration in deep space exploration and exploitation: Architecture and technology

Recently, China and the United States have achieved remarkable success in aerospace science and technology over the years. Space has become another field of competition in the technological advancement of various countries. Through space missions, space tourism, moon and Mars exploration, China and the United States can demonstrate the sophistication of their technologies to the public and audiences around the world. Despite the competitiveness between the big countries, space missions and deep space exploration and exploitation have provided a lot of deep and orbital space information that is beneficial not only for the next space mission but also for enhancing technological development for other domestic uses. Therefore, space industrial information integration (III), or Space III, connecting IoT to form the Internet of Planets, is critically important for deep space explorations. However, few articles have reviewed the existing technologies of space. We are one of the few groups to perform an extensive review, research the space explorations and divide the space information integration systematically based on the information architecture and technologies in the space industries. In this paper, we propose that III can be divided into three different architectures: data, technology, and application, whereas space technology can be divided into six areas. This review is important not only in formulating research in technological integration but also in determining the proposed architecture to facilitate a further extension of applications to large-scale and complex problems in the space industries in the future.

Literature Study: International Monetary System and the Threat of Recession

This study was conducted to gather sufficient information on the relationship between the International Monetary System and the threat of recession. The method used in this study is through a literature study that collects previous research in answering the relationship and role of the International Monetary System with the threat of recession. The IMF and World Bank estimate that the world economy will experience a recession which is also accompanied by an increase in the rate of inflation in 2022 and 2023. Big countries in the world economy such as Europe, the USA, China and India are also expected to experience economic recession and high inflation. Interestingly, the ASEAN 5 region (including Indonesia) will actually experience positive economic growth with a moderate rate of inflation. Based on the results of this literature, it can be concluded that an economic recession can threaten the world economy, especially in the field of the international monetary system.

Analysis of Tax Incentives, Risk Taking and R&D Investment: Evidence Based on Manufacturing

Although China is a big manufacturing country, its manufacturing industry is "big but not strong". In recent years, in order to encourage manufacturing enterprises to invest resources in innovation projects, preferential tax policies and government subsidies have become important regulatory means. However, due to the different risk bearing capacity of enterprises, enterprises also have different attitudes toward research and development (R&D) investment. In order to test the relationship between the four, this paper takes listed manufacturing companies in China from 2015 to 2020 as samples to empirically analyze the impact of tax incentives on R&D investment, as well as the mediating and moderating effects of risk bearing capacity and government subsidies between them. The results show that tax incentives can significantly promote R&D investment; The risk bearing capacity of enterprises plays a partial mediating role between tax incentives and R&D investment. Government subsidies play a positive regulating role between tax incentives and R&D investment.

INDONESIAN FINANCIAL LAW: HISTORY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT

The economic system and political regimes in most cases affect major changes in the financial laws of the state. Indonesia, the big country that gained its independence in 1945, had a long journey of financial struggles and challenges, particularly in the political regimes that divided into the Old Regime, the New Regime, and the Reformation Era. The objectives of this paper try to examine how Indonesia's economic system affects the state's financial policies described in legislation. Other objectives are the development of financial law in Indonesia based on the period divisions with historical perspectives. With normative legal research, this study will analyze several sources of laws and regulations on financial policies throughout the historical periods of Indonesia. In conclusion, Pancasila, and Article 33 of the Indonesian Constitution 1945 become economic constitutions that form the basis of financial policies of Indonesia. Moreover, the politics of the ruling regime strongly influenced financial law policies in Indonesia. The characteristics of monetary law changed based on the transfer of legal politics during the Old Order, New Order, and Reformation era

Research Progress and Suggestions on Natural Gas Industry Technology Revolution in the Context of Energy Revolution

The energy revolution is an important driving force for the progress of productivity and civilization in human society. As a big country in global energy consumption and carbon emission, promoting the energy revolution is a strategic choice to ensure the sustainable development of China's energy industry, which is in line with China's national conditions of the construction of modern energy system. Based on the strategic background of the energy revolution, this paper combines China's natural gas production capacity and consumption demand in the context of national conditions, and from the perspective of technological revolution, we have sorted out the research results of relevant scholars on the natural gas industry and the technological development of the whole industry chain of “production, supply, storage and marketing”, and discussed the technological development of China's natural gas industry in the context of the energy revolution. The results of the study show that: (1) the innovative technology of natural gas industry is diversified, low-carbon and green development, but from the dimension of safety, stability and economy, the performance is relatively weak. (2) The overall synergistic development of the whole industrial chain technology is uneven, the gap between supply and demand is increasing, and the degree of information and intelligence is low. And then for the development of China's natural gas industry technology puts forward proposals: (1) to promote innovative natural gas technology breakthroughs, integration of new areas of technology, to achieve the dual objectives of low-carbon economic development and environmental protection; (2) to increase natural gas exploration and development efforts, breakthroughs in the integration of the digital transformation of traditional exploration technology, and continue to support the increase in storage and production; (3) to accelerate the upgrading of natural gas supply and demand, and the establishment of a synergistic, intelligent, diversified pipeline network system. (4) Boost the construction of gas storage system, pay attention to the standardized gas storage management system, and play the role of valley cutting and peak leveling; (5) Build a new comprehensive energy service system, and build a multi-species, multi-link intelligent technology integration to create a new service system.

Hong Kong’s Media Representations of China amid COVID-19: A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, many scholars have noted the significant value of studying media representations of the COVID-19 pandemic everywhere. However, when observing these research results, one will find that more research results are about the Western media, and there are few reports about the Chinese media on the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis to examine what kinds of discourse Hong Kong media use to represent China in the news. The Sing Tao Daily was chosen for the study because it has been in existence for a long time and has readers all over the world. Its coverage of China COVID-19 will affect Hong Kong people's perception of their motherland. Hong Kong is unique in that it has just recently returned to China. The Hong Kong media's coverage of mainland China will affect China's national image in the minds of Hong Kong people. This study aims to examine what discourses are used by the Hong Kong news media in their coverage of China's fight against the epidemic and what kind of national image of China is presented to the Hong Kong and global audiences. The analysis reveals that China is presented as a victim, and an advantageous cooperative country. China is a responsible big country that has assumed the responsibility of helping countries in difficulty and is a united country. China's actions have had a positive impact on global humanitarian ideology. This study illustrates how the media can effectively utilize discursive strategies to promote cooperation and build a country's image in the midst of a global health crisis.

Managing an Unorthodox Society by Orthodox Psychiatry: The Pitfalls

Any unorthodox activity by an individual person is looked upon by society as a symbol of deranged activity until and unless the motive behind that breach is clear and acceptable to society. No country is immune from the allegation where undue advantage has been taken on many occasions to label political opponents as suffering from mental derangement and have been diagnosed, treated, confined, and may be sterilized or killed by government agencies for their political gain. Wikipedia even lists the Government of India for enlisting the help of a renowned institute in relation to some agitation by a community in the year 2012. We all are aware of such atrocities committed in various big countries, like Germany, the USA, China, Europe, Russia and many more.

An Analysis of Trade Protectionism from the Perspective of the Community of Human Destiny

With the continuous advancement of the process of trade globalization, free trade has become the dominant form of today's world economic system. However, it cannot be ignored that trade protectionism still exists and has gradually risen in recent years. The rise of trade protectionism, to a certain extent, has caused disorder in the international trade order and intensified trade frictions between countries, which fundamentally violates the objective law of the development of global economic integration. As a big country with a sense of responsibility, it is necessary for China to put forward China's plan to guide and resolve this problem in a targeted way from the perspective of the community of human destiny.

THAILAND’S HEDGING STRATEGY UNDER THE STRATEGIC COMPETITION BETWEEN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES

Thailand's foreign policy stance has shifted dramatically since the Prayuth regime staged a coup in 2014. The purpose of this study: 1) Complement and expand on the theoretical meaning of hedging strategy. 2) It can theoretically support Thailand in the face of strategic conflict between China and the United States. 3) Be aware of why Thailand implements a hedging strategy and know the specific performance of Thailand’s hedging strategy. 4) It will aid in the growth of Thailand's connections with the two big countries. 5) This article can provide certain reference for research related to Thailand’s diplomatic strategy. The method of this study adopts content documentary analysis, case analysis method, literature research and historical method. According to the findings of this study, Thailand has begun to tilt more toward requesting assistance from China in Prayuth goverment. Many researchers are concerned about Thailand's neutrality. However, Thailand has not yet vanished from the United States. Just a few steps removed from the Obama and Trump administrations. Thailand has begun to rebuild its old friendship with America as the Joe Biden era looms. But anyway Thailand cannot choose a side. Because Thailand is a reliable ally on both sides. This has caused the Prayut government to seek cooperation from other organizations and countries, including Japan, India, and ASEAN. Thailand has accelerated the development of economic links with Japan. Accelerate the political development of relations with India. and establishing ties with ASEAN and Southeastern countries in order to find a way for small countries to maintain their own interests as much as possible in the fight between the two superpowers. Although hedging techniques are currently the preferred option for smaller countries, the variables driving this strategy differ. In Thailand, the majority of the factors that influence hedging tactics originate within the country. But all bordering countries are influenced by foreign causes. As a result, Thailand has become another special case of hedging among ASEAN countries.

Development of green pesticides from traditional Chinese medicines based on artificial intelligence and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines

The food security of China as a big agricultural country is attracting increasing attention. With the progress in the traditional Chinese medicine industry, Chinese medicinal materials and their preparations have been gradually developed as agents for disease prevention and with antimicrobial and insecticidal functions in agriculture. Promoting pesticide innovation by interdisciplinary integration has become the trend in pesticide research globally. Considering the increasingly important roles of green pesticides from traditional Chinese medicines and artificial intelligence in pest target prediction, this paper proposed an innovative green control strategy in line with the concepts of ecological sustainable development and food security protection. CiteSpace was used for visual analysis of the publications. The results showed that artificial intelligence had been extensively applied in the pesticide field in recent years. This paper explores the application and development of biopesticides for the first time, with focus on the plant-derived pesticides. The thought of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility can be employed to creat a new promosing field: pesticides from traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, artificial intelligence can be employed to build the formulation system of pesticides from traditional Chinese medicines and the target prediction system of diseases and pests. This study provides new ideas for the future development and market application of biopesticides, aiming to provide more healthy and safe agricultural products for human beings, promote the innovation and development of green pesticides in China, and protect the sustainable development of the environment and ecosystem. This may be the research hotspot and competition point for the green development of the pesticide industry chain in the future.

Management of methane emission in coal mines using artificial neural networks: A systematic review

Underground mines are responsible for a large number of the released methane worldwide. Our study paper can contribute to mitigating methane emissions, hence reducing the concentration about greenhouse emissions within the environment and mitigating the associated hazardous risks. In this study, more than 45 recent journals on Methane emission in Coal Mines were gathered from Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. A systematic review is accomplished of the past four years of various parts of Methane gas emission such as anthropogenic emission sources, gas emissions detection, prediction of methane using different technology and the Artificial intelligence projection model for methane emission. The outcomes reveal that since the methane emission management has obtained increasing attention over the past four years. This study also shows that big countries are using technology to control and utilize the methane emission to reduce the energy crisis. To decrease the coal mine injuries, academic understanding of underground methane management has increased, different technologies are integrated and support from various IT departments has amplified for the forecasting. In the future, the most critical task for coal mines risk assessment is to restore the worker's trust in mine safety, and the primary solution is to give more awareness to the underground management and workers through utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) mainly Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).

A REVIEW ON BANGLADESH-CHINA-INDIA-MYANMAR ECONOMIC CORRIDOR IN THE CONTEXT OF BANGLADESH’S INTEREST

Carrying out study on BCIM economic corridor is extremely important; because, Bangladesh is surrounded by India, Myanmar and China, where Bangladesh needs to maintain friendly relations with these three neighboring countries. China is rising rapidly in terms of socio-economic and political development in the South, Southeast and Northeast Asian region. China has the highest foreign currency reserves through which many countries of South, Southeast and Northeast Asia might be economically benefitted. Besides, India is a big country with huge population which might be a potential development partner of South and Southeast Asian countries. On the other hand, Myanmar has huge reserves of gas, oil and other mineral resources from which Bangladesh can be greatly benefitted. This study has found that the BCIM economic corridor is very significant for Bangladesh’s regional connectivity, people to people contacts, cultural exchanges, soft–power diplomacy and economic interests. This study has a geostrategic and development cooperation implication for the South Asian region. This study is an important policy paper for Bangladesh’s geopolitical and economic interests.

Using Blood Wisely: lessons learnt in establishing a national implementation programme to reduce inappropriate red blood cell transfusion

BackgroundUp to 50% of blood is transfused inappropriately despite best evidence. In 2020, Choosing Wisely Canada launched a major national programme, ‘Using Blood Wisely’, the aim was to engage hospitals...

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Libya and its relation to other health disorders

Vitamin D (VD) has a potential role in calcium homeostasis in the human body. It is also considered a strong immunomodulator, affecting both arms of the immune system (Innate and adaptive immunity). VD can also lower the risk of diabetes, improve pregnancy outcomes, reduce the risk of acute respiratory infection (e.g., COVID-19), and decrease the risk of cancer. No doubt that VD deficiency (VDD) is a health condition that spreads out all over the globe. VDD is linked to many health problems ranging from fatigue and skeleton pain to serious conditions such as rickets, osteomalacia, diabetes, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to provide a whole picture of the status of 25- hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D] as well as the frequency of 25-(OH)D deficiency (VDD) among Libyans in various regions of the country and to discuss the correlation between VDD and other health problems. The prevalence of VDD reached up to 80% among healthy individuals in the Middle East region. Libya is a big Mediterranean country and is sunny most of the year. In the western part of Libya, particularly in Tripoli (the capital city), the prevalence of severe VDD [25-(OH)D < 10 ng/mL] was as high as 50.8%, whereas only 27.5% had moderate VDD [25-(OH)D; 10-20 ng/mL]. In Benghazi (second largest city), the VDD prevalence was also high (76%). The highest prevalence of VDD was reported at 79% in the biggest southern city of Sebha. In the whole country, the VDD prevalence was high (among males and females), ranging from 45.4% to 87%, with a mean of 55.58%. The mean prevalence of VDD among males was 54.3% and for females was 53.29%. As clear from these data, VDD prevalence was high in the entire country. However, the available data were obtained from small cross-sectional studies and it becomes a necessity to conduct nationally representative studies and establish national nutrition surveys to accurately assess the prevalence of VDD. Moreover, the data included in this review invites the health authorities in Libya to take preventive measures to reduce the high prevalence of VDD, which will decrease VDD-associated health problems in the future.

A New Generation, a New Political Action: Terrorism in Romania (1920–1940)

In the 1920s Romania underwent a major political, cultural, and social change. A new generation of young people attended universities and started being involved in political life in a bigger country where access to civil and political rights was granted to all citizens. Influenced by the international context characterized by the rise of ideologies and by the habit of violence inherited from the Great War, a part of them considered terrorism as a possible instrument of action. Corneliu Zelea Codreanu’s movement was the main representative of such an attitude. Political homicides were not only a settling of scores, also transmitting the message that there was a justice that was superior to that imposed by law and it was based on the authentical values of Romanian identity. After the death of Codreanu, the Iron Guard, led by Horia Sima, did not give up terrorism, but it became a conscious method of political action with the aim of destabilizing and creating a climate of uncertainty and terror.

Economics of the Countries-Sanctionsers in the Russian Big Country Trap

The article reveals the mechanism of the reverse impact of anti-Russian sanctions of 2022–2023 on the economics of the countries-sanctioners with justification of the reasons for their falling into the Russian big country trap. The leading directions of Russian negative infl uence under the infl uence of a certain boomerang eff ect on the national economies of the countries of the Western coalition led by the United States are shown. The main among them is the development of an unprecedented fuel and raw materials crisis here, intensifying the real danger of another drop of the "Golden Billion" countries into a stagflation funnel similar to the events of half a century ago. The threat of going into a state of economical recession for a number of Western countries is associated with the irrevocable loss of a vast and promising national market by their companies while it is impossible to quickly fi nd alternative sales markets. The increasing risks of accelerating the process of de-dollarization and de-euroization of the global economy are regarded in the work as a direct result of the freezing of the Bank of Russia’s international reserves. The European Union, the macroregion of the world economics, is considered most aff ected by its own restrictions, while their main initiator, the United States, mostly manages to avoid the economic losses associated with them. The conclusion is that the destructive influence of restrictions against Russia on the short-term economical dynamics of Western countries is combined with the inevitable exhaustion of the big country effect already in the mid-term, which dictates the need for the Russian state to maximize the use of time to implement the overdue structural reforms.

Издание об истории организации, управления и поддержки науки в СССР

The review by a Russian historian examines the collective monograph "Science of a Big Country: Soviet Management Experience", which was published in November 2023 in the publishing house of the Russian State University for the Humanities under the editorship of Doctor of Historical Sciences E. A. Dolgova. The authors (7 people) are specialists in the history of science, industry, technology and education, economics of science, sociology of science and its legal regulation. The book examines the process of formation and development of science and technology policy of the USSR for the entire period of its existence, as well as its transformation in the first decade after the collapse of the "big country" in a multidimensional manner. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of such features of the "socialist model" of science organization as its ideologization, state support of "big science", creation of the "cult of science" in the society, organization of breakthrough programs, scientific and technological independence, merger of science and technology, isolation of academic, university, industry and factory sectors of science. The book emphasizes that science in the USSR functioned in fact as a subsystem of the state, that its management was concentrated in state structures that sought to prove to the whole world "the superiority of the socialist economy over the capitalist economy". The authors did not set themselves the task of examining such important topics as the relationship between science and the authorities, between scientists and the political regime, and the impact of scientific and technological development on the Soviet society. They left out the repressions of the 1930s and the campaign to "fight cosmopolitanism and dissent" in the postwar period. Such an important sector of the field of knowledge as "military" science, which worked to ensure the state defense order, was also peripherally considered. As a source base for the study, the author makes extensive use of act material, office records of state and party authorities of different levels, sources of personal origin, journalism, and periodicals. The monograph introduces into scientific circulation a set of documents and materials identified in a number of Russian federal and departmental archives. The book consists of 9 chapters, conclusion, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, selected bibliography, name index and information about the authors. The monograph is an interdisciplinary study. It will be of interest to specialists engaged in the history, sociology and economics of Russian science, industry, technology and education, as well as to a wide range of readers interested in the history of Russia.

Algorithmic Complexity Research on Foreign-related Tourism English Education and Talent Cultivation Models in the Context of Free Trade Port

Abstract In today’s booming development of free trade ports, China, as a big country of inbound and outbound tourism, has put forward higher requirements for the talent cultivation mode of foreign-related tourism English. This paper takes the characteristics of foreign-related tourism English as the entry point and establishes the practical teaching system and the four-in-one talent cultivation mode of foreign-related tourism English. The multi-objective optimization model for cultivating foreign tourism English talents is proposed, with the objective function of enhancing the quality of foreign tourism English talents, and the corresponding constraints are set. The multi-objective optimization model is solved using the DQN model, and a strategy gradient algorithm-based model training optimization strategy is proposed. The test conditions of foreign-related tourism English talent cultivation are set, simulation experiments are carried out, and teaching experiments are compared based on the optimal scheme. The training loss obtained by the DQN model after 1700 iterations fluctuates between [0.015,0.019], and when the training period is set to 2 years, the cumulative return of foreign-related tourism English talent cultivation can reach 623.87%, and the maximum retracement is only - 5.457%. The optimal talent cultivation program’s average score is 14.1 points higher than the ordinary version. Foreign-related tourism English needs to be fully integrated with the actual demand for talent, and the faculty and policy guidelines help to enhance the quality of foreign-related tourism English talent training.

A Study on Synergistic Enhancement of Product Directive Optimization Strategies and Export Trade Performance in the Digital Era

Abstract The topic of innovation appears again and again in the government work report. The state and enterprises also pay more and more attention to product optimization and the output of innovative products, and more innovative and technological content has emerged from the products. At the same time, China’s foreign trade is transitioning from the traditional big country of foreign trade to the modern foreign trade power. In this paper, we combine natural language understanding and interactive image command mapping networks to improve the command optimization of digital products. The improved Graph-LSTM model is utilized to process the natural language instruction vectors, and the ICF network is utilized to take the environment image and user instructions as inputs to construct a fusion network in which the environment image and the natural language instructions can complement each other to complete the instruction mapping and to generate the location heat map for the execution of the instructions. Using principal component analysis, panel regression modeling, and other methods, we extracted and screened indicators of the influencing factors of export trade performance evaluation and constructed the performance evaluation index system. The synergistic enhancement of product instruction optimization and export trade performance is analyzed through empirical analysis and enhancement effect evaluation. The regression results of the selection equation are analyzed, and in the second column of the model, the coefficients of marketing cost and financial cost are 35.254 and -2.568, respectively, and the P-value is greater than 0.1, which can be analyzed in the next stage. In terms of the level of economic development, the difference between the comprehensive performance of export trade between Guangdong and Heilongjiang is 55.11, which is a large gap, and the optimization of product instructions has a greater impact on the performance of export trade in the eastern region.