Big Trees Research Articles

Tribute VS "Nanman": The Image Construction of "Magic Mirror Type"

For over 2000 years, feudal dynasties throughout China have referred to southerners as the “Nanman” (means Southern Barbarian). However, the specific situation of the treatment of Nanman titles by various dynasties has not been explored. In addition, the Nanman never stopped paying tribute to the Central Dynasty. No one is involved in whether tribute can earn the respect that the dynasty deserves. Nowadays, big data technology can easily handle massive amounts of literature, and it is entirely possible to analyze the above issues from "official histories" (the 25 historical books) using the method of word frequency research. The words frequency shows that since the unification of Lingnan by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the feudal dynasties presented a paradox to Lingnan: The products in Lingnan were coveted, and local customs were despised. "Tribute" was used to cover up the predatory nature of Kings, and "Nanman" was used to establish political, national and cultural rank. The number of "tribute" and the meaning of "Nanman" formed the "magic mirror" development relationship in the big tree of feudal autocracy until the end of the Qing Dynasty. But on the one hand, the positive factors of "tribute" were absorbed and used by the western powers to establish their own alliances. On the other hand, they also mislead the public opinion and create trouble. Although "Nanman" has been eradicated politically, the regional discrimination and cultural misreading it contains have not been eradicated and often occurs. "Tribute" ranges from Kyushu to overseas to international relations. The connotation of "Nanman" from the orientation, nation and culture, the meaning of these two words has been spontaneously changing. It is timely to clarify their relationship and help make China revive.

Optimized Application of the Decision Tree ID3 Algorithm Based on Big Data in Sports Performance Management

In the rapidly evolving landscape of sports performance management, the integration of Big Data analytics has become a game-changer. This paper established a sports performance management system on big data decision tree ID3 algorithm and analyzed the accuracy and time of the improved decision tree ID3 algorithm in sports performance management. The research results show that the data query and data display functions are widely used in the system, and the utilization rate of each function of big data in the system can be clearly seen. In the accuracy of sports performance management, the improved ID3 algorithm is obviously higher than the ID3 algorithm, and the accuracy is improved by 4.16%. In the average time of sports performance management, the improved ID3 algorithm takes less time than the ID3 algorithm, and the time is reduced by 31.50%. The big data technology used has greatly changed the performance information management system of colleges or sports events and provides a research reference for the management of sports performance.

Predictive Analytics Techniques in Consumer Behaviour: A Literature Review

Under fierce market competition, there is a need for enterprises to analyze and predict the behavior of consumers in order to improve the market competitiveness. We find that in the previous literature, there is little specific systematic summary and research on the methods to predict customer behavior. Thus, in this paper, we discuss relevant concepts of customer behavior and predict consumer behavior by studying the operation mechanism of Big Data Analysis (BDA), Decision Tree (DT) and Consumer Relationship Management (CRM). We also study the application of each technology to enterprises in different fields and its impact on consumer behavior. BDA can efficiently organize a large amount of data into several variables that is related to the prediction and provide a reference prediction for the business. DT can effectively improve the accuracy of market segmentation, classify customers into sub-customer groups with distinct consumption characteristics, and help enterprises make targeted decisions. CRM can collect customer information through data sampling to build a comprehensive view of customers, and create customer analysis and prediction models according to the different needs of the enterprise. Studying the past consumer behavior can help enterprises to better develop products and make personalized decision plans for specific customer groups.

The Efficacy of Vibhithaki Ksharasutra in the Management of Bhagandhara (Fistula In Ano) A Controlled Clinical Trail

Bhagandara (Fistula-In-Ano) is one of the Astamahagadha disease mentioned in Susrutha Samhitha, which is difficult to cure. Fistula-In-Ano is an abnormal communication between two epithelial-lined surfaces in the anorectal region. Various operative procedures (fistulectomy, etc.) often lead to complication ns like recurrence, incontinence of the anal sphincter, and other infections resulting from surgery. The Kshara Sutra is a parasurgical procedure that is found to be more effective in the management of fistulas in ano. The Apamarga Ksharasutra is widely used and is made up of Apamarga Kshara, Snuhi Kshira and Haridra. The preparation process for Apamarga Kshara can be difficult and time-consuming. If we turn to the classics, we find the reference to Vibhithaki, mentioned under Kshara Dravys, which are used to prepare Ksharasutra. Vibhitaki is cost-effective and easily available as it is a big tree. The properties of Vibhitaki are favourable to Kshara qualities The present clinical study deals with the efficacy of Vibhitaki and Apamarga Kshara Sutras in the management of Bhagandara.

A New Assessment of High Punctual Solar Trackers Effects on Poultry Welfare in Agrivoltaïc Open-Air Runs

Open-air poultry farming is currently developing with the increasing society demand for livestock farming better considering animal welfare. Outside animal comfort and open-air runs exploration could be enhanced by shelters such as trees or photovoltaic (PV) structure. The aim of this study is to confirm previous results to evaluate (i) the microclimates generated under high punctual PV trackers, (ii) the effect on laying hens comfort, (iii) the use of panels shadow area by hens. In three experimental sites, microclimates were studied and laying hens were counted in a control area, under such PV tracker and under a tree. Results showed that PV trackers, as big trees, lowered summer soil and air temperatures, radiation and lightness, decreased the occurrences of stress situations for hens, and that more hens were counted under trackers than in a control area. These results may help for optimizing such agrivoltaïc system and the hens welfare by improving the open-air run design with PV structures and vegetation.

A one-dimensional computational model for blood flow in an elastic blood vessel with a rigid catheter.

Strokes are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Stroke treatment involves removal or dissolution of the obstruction (usually a clot) in the blocked artery by catheter insertion. A computer simulation to systematically plan such patient-specific treatments needs a network of about 105 blood vessels including collaterals. The existing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solvers are not employed for stroke treatment planning as they are incapable of providing solutions for such big arterial trees in a reasonable amount of time. This work presents a novel one-dimensional mathematical formulation for blood flow modeling in an elastic blood vessel with a centrally placed rigid catheter. The governing equations are first-order hyperbolic partial differential equations, and the hypergeometric function needs to be computed to obtain the characteristic system of these hyperbolic equations. We employed the Discontinuous Galerkin method to solve the hyperbolic system and validated the implementation by comparing it against a well-established 3D CFD solver using idealized vessels and a realistic truncated arterial network. The results showed clinically insignificant differences in steady flow cases, with overall variations between 1D and 3D models remaining below 10%. Additionally, the solver accurately captured wave reflection phenomena at domain discontinuities in unsteady cases. A primary advantage of this model over 3D solvers is its ease in obtaining a discretized geometry of complex vasculatures with multiple arterial branches. Thus, the 1D computational model offers good accuracy and applicability in simulating complex vasculatures, demonstrating promising potential for investigating patient-specific endovascular interventions in strokes.

Teaching Quality Analysis of Health Management Professionals in Colleges and Universities Based on Big Data Decision Tree Algorithm

In this study, we investigate whether the big data decision tree approach can be utilised to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching in higher education by health management professors. In light of the expanding need for high-quality healthcare education by the professionals, it is absolutely necessary to evaluate and enhance the teaching efficacy of healthcare management specialists. The application of big data analytics towards the creation of a method for the evaluation of instructors that is both objective and precise is the focus of this study. Every educational system may be broken down into its two primary components: teachers and pupils. The students are not only passive recipients of the instruction that their teachers provide. All of the desired instructional achievements must be driven by the effort of the students in order to fall within the category of "subjective initiative." Therefore, the first step in any educational activity should be encouraging pupils to build their own sense of initiative and intrinsic motivation to learn. This should be the case in any educational endeavour. If teachers have access to and make use of reliable employment data for statistical analysis, they will be able to have a more significant impact on the kids they teach. Based on a preliminary set of actual university employment data from 2012, this study compares the results of employing the C4.5 approach with a decision tree generating technique for the assessment of the teaching quality by the professionals. Both approaches were used to analyse the data. The findings demonstrate that a straightforward decision tree structure may be obtained using the decision tree approach that makes use of the multiscale rough set model. In addition, our approaches don't need to use overlapping data sets, and they're quite efficient from a computing standpoint. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that it sheds light on how the expertise and motives of teachers who are healthcare professionals to be precise, reflect on the learning of their students and their relevant field skills.

Demographic change and loss of big trees in resprouting eucalypt forests exposed to megadisturbance

AbstractAimIncreased tree mortality linked to droughts and fires is occurring across temperate regions globally. Vegetation recovery has been widely reported; however, less is known about how disturbance may alter forests structurally and functionally across environmental gradients. We examined whether dry forests growing on low‐fertility soils were more resilient to coupled extreme drought and severe fire owing to lower tree mortality rates, higher resprouting success and persistence of juveniles relative to wetter forests on more fertile soils.LocationFire‐tolerant eucalypt forests of temperate southeastern Australia.Time period2020–2023.Major taxa studiedEucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora.MethodsDemographic surveys of tree mortality and regeneration in all combinations of dry/wet forest, fertile/less fertile substrates exposed to extreme drought and fire were conducted. We used Bayesian regression modelling to compare tree mortality, diameter, response traits, population structure and occurrence of fire scars between substrates/forest types.ResultsOverall mortality (20%–33%) and topkill (34%–41%) were within historically reported ranges for various forests and soil types. However, we observed an atypical trend of increased mortality and topkill in the largest trees, particularly when they had structural damage from past fires. Trees in wet forests on more fertile soils had the highest levels of mortality. Numbers of persistent resprouting juveniles were highest in dry forests on low‐fertility soils. Dry forests growing on low‐fertility soils appear more resilient to compound disturbances due to lower rates of mortality and higher rates of juvenile persistence. Wet forests on more fertile soils may experience greater demographic change due to higher mortality of small and large trees.Main conclusionsMesic forests on relatively fertile soils were found to be at relatively high risk of demographic change from compound disturbances. Combined, fire and drought are likely to reduce the number of large trees in affected areas, with consequences for forest carbon cycling and storage.

청동기시대 송국리문화기 입목수혈에 대한 새로운 접근

It is estimated that as relative importance of agriculture increased during bronze age, agricultural rituals became active. Finding empirical evidence is very difficult but Lee Jongcheol(2015;2018:2021) not only discovered various ritual elements based on tree pole pit in large settlements but also demonstrated origination of appearance of Korean totem pole during prehistoric-primitive age based on archaelogical data.
 However, in discussion about ritual surrounding tree pole pit, cases of Jinan Yeouigog site and Gimhae Yulhari site played the most leading role and thus it was necessary to figure out real intention. Actually, in cases of above both two sites, one tree pole pit was found but it seems that such tree pole pit is a facility attached to graveyard rather than medium connecting different area in settlement. In addition, when examining several similar cases in Daegu region, role of guiding boundary of graveyard and order of construction of graves seemed clearer. In big tree ritual which Lee Jongcheol argued, case that two tree pole pits are found together like the case of Daegu Dongcheondong site seems more dependable. Even the same tree pole pits differ in their roles depending on their location.
 The author of this paper pointed out that existing opinions which considered big tree rituals and Korean totem poles as separate origin and facility are problematic and shape of birds which is the most important element was embodied as the beak-shaped stone tool from the first period of Bronze Age. Big tree ritual and Korean totem pole are meaningful as inseparable heritage of agricultural culture during Bronze Age.

The Impact of Trees on the UHI Effect and Urban Environment Quality: A Case Study of a District in Pisa, Italy

As the urban heat island effect has become a worldwide phenomenon commonly affecting densely built-up areas, public administrations need efficient strategies to mitigate its impact on human well-being and public health. The aim of this study was to define a replicable method to estimate the ecosystem services provided by public street trees as a supporting tool in the decision-making process of urban greenery management. We compared three street arrangements characteristic of a residential district in Pisa, Italy: (1) with large trees, (2) with small trees, and (3) without trees. First, the software i-Tree Eco was used to assess the benefits of public trees located in the case-study area when provided with the three scenarios. Second, the comparison was held on the field, and we collected data with a wet bulb globe temperature meter in order to evaluate the differences in pedestrian thermal comfort among the street arrangements. The results confirmed the importance of urban vegetation, as it has major impacts on carbon sequestration and storage, pollution removal, air humidity and quality, and shade, given bigger trees and canopy sizes. The loss of ecosystem services compared to the presence of large trees varied between 40% and 50% (no trees) and 30% and 40% (small trees).

The USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Database and the National Register of Champion Trees — A Potentially Symbiotic Relationship

Abstract This article shows how probability sampling and citizen science efforts can complement each other, using the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and the ongoing search by the National Register of Champion Trees (NRCT) for the largest specimen of each naturally occurring tree species in the United States as an example. We develop a ratio statistic (Zs) that uses the difference in size of the largest tree of a species from each database to order the tree species according to the assumed ease with which a larger specimen than the current national champion might be found. Our results show ninety-two candidate species that have been recorded by FIA for which there is no national champion and sixty-five species for which a new champion should be easy to find. In a supplemental table, we show ninety-four species listed as observable by FIA in the NRCT but not recorded in the FIA sample. Study Implications: An interest in forests and forestry is always accompanied by an interest in trees, especially very big trees. Two very different ways of learning about trees are analyzed concurrently in a way that reveals their complementarity. The two efforts are the probability sample, conducted by the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program, and the citizen science effort known as the National Register of Champion Trees (NRCT). We develop a statistic that will help tree sleuths find champion trees and provide FIA practitioners with a quality control measure and an indication of which species would benefit from an increase in sample intensity.

Environmental and economic significance of big, old-growth trees

ABSTRACT Big, old-growth European silver fir, beech and oak on high- and medium-fertility soils in the Carpathians generate a huge increase in trunk volume, total phytomass and annual carbon accumulation (25–50 kg). Accordingly, each giant emits a lot of oxygen (65–130 kg/yr) and water vapour (40–80t/yr), and its transpiration consumes 0.03–0.06GWh of energy which can cool a hectare of a 30 m × 1 ha air layer by 0.027–0.053°C. Stands of spruce and stone pine in the high mountain zone grow more slowly; their current increase in trunk volume and material and energy impact on the surrounding air is 3–5 times less but, still, it increases over time. By increasing the number of big old-growth trees in forest stands, stand productivity and the material and energy impact on the environment can be increased by 20–40%.

Vapor pressure deficit drives the mortality of understorey woody plants during drought recovery in the Atlantic Forest

AbstractQuestionDrought‐induced tree mortality has been documented in forests worldwide but the mechanisms related to drought recovery are still poorly understood. To better predict forest trajectories under future climate scenarios, it is essential to disentangle physiological mechanisms underlying plant mortality caused by El Niño droughts. Here, we assessed how vegetation structure, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and functional traits interact to mediate tree mortality after a severe drought in a tropical forest.LocationMata das Flores State Park, an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeast Brazil.MethodsWe established 20 permanent plots with contrasting vegetation structure and topography. In each plot, we measured tree abundance and diameter at breast height (DBH) of every woody plant (1–10 cm diameter) at the end of the drought, and two years after the break of drought, to calculate mortality rates during drought recovery. Hydraulic (e.g., maximum stomatal conductance to water vapor, stomatal density, etc.) and economic traits (specific leaf area, wood density, etc.) were measured on the 10 most abundant species. We also measured local air temperature and air humidity using HOBO dataloggers in each plot to calculate the VPD.ResultsThe studied Atlantic Forest understorey did not recover from the 2014–2016 drought, in terms of tree mortality. Lower VPD, driven by big trees in the valley, protected understorey plants with acquisitive economic attributes and conservative hydraulic attributes against mortality. On the other hand, higher VPD, driven by smaller trees and higher stem density on the ridge and slope, increased the mortality of understorey plants with acquisitive attributes.ConclusionRidges represent the most important fraction of the Atlantic Forest and our results suggest this type of forest is at high climate risk due to global change. Altogether, our results highlight that valleys are microclimate refuges for understorey plants and might help mitigate drought impacts in tropical forest under forecasted climate changes.

Research on the Optimization of English Teaching Content in Colleges and Universities by Combining Decision Tree and Big Data Technology

Abstract English teaching in colleges and universities is facing the growth of personalized teaching demand, and the traditional education model is challenging to meet the diverse learning needs of students. Big data and decision tree technology provide a new way for teaching content optimization, which can achieve a high degree of matching between educational resources and students’ needs, and improve teaching effectiveness and learning efficiency. This study explores the application of decision trees and big data technology in optimizing English teaching content in colleges and universities. By constructing an ontology tree model of learning resources and adopting similarity calculation and personalized recommendation algorithms, the study achieves personalized learning resource recommendations for students. The study utilizes comparative experimental methods to analyze achievement changes between the experimental and control classes after customized learning. The personalized teaching program’s effectiveness can be confirmed by the fact that the average final grade of students in the experimental class is 1.5 points higher than that of the control class. The Analysis of CET-4 scores found that personalized teaching improved students’ English listening, reading, and writing skills. This paper combines decision trees and big data technology to optimize teaching content, effectively enhancing students’ English learning outcomes and providing new teaching strategies for English education in colleges and universities.

TROPICAL ALMOND: THE VALUABLE TREE

Terminalia catappa is a big spreading tree in strong winds. It nurtures in normally drained, well aerated, sandy soils, belongs to family Combretaceae. It is naturally found in subtropical and tropical zones of Indian and Pacific Oceans and also parts of the world including Brazil, the Caribbean, and East Africa. The tree bears fruit that is ellipsoid in shape, with apex which are bluntly pointed. It is able to show antimicrobial, anti‑inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer activities. All parts of the plant can be used in traditional medicine. Terminalia catappa can even produce dye which provenly has some medicinal properties.

Planting Pattern in Agroforestry and Biodiversity in Sarolangun Area Jambi

The agroforestry pattern implemented has yielded very good results for the local village community. Local villages get economic resources as well as staples for their daily meals. This research finds out how to choose good plants for agroforestry and how the agroforestry planting pattern is in accordance with the tree planting scheme in the forest, starting from the bushes first and then the big trees. The method used is the observation method, namely the researcher will first observe the cropping pattern of the agroforestry found. The researcher will carry out the method of making a floor plan, namely, the researcher will create a floor plan to find out the layout of the planting of agroforestry plants. Then carry out a survey method to determine the types of plants and how to plant them on agroforestry land. The interview method was carried out to determine how farmers choose plant species, the factors underlying the selection of plant species, and how to plant them on agroforestry land.

The Michigan Big Tree Program

The Michigan Botanical Society (MBS) hosts and maintains a state register of the largest trees occurring in the State under the Society’s Michigan Big Tree Program. Initiated in 1956 by Paul Thompson, who was also its first coordinator, the continued tracking of our big trees has been carried out by MBS botanists through the volunteer efforts of subsequent Big Tree Program coordinators Elwood Ehrle, Andrew Sawyer, and Ted Reuschel, as well as numerous more certifiers over the years and more than 40 current volunteer certifiers. The Big Tree register displays 639 trees as currently active. Field checking of species during 2022 by certifiers yielded 19 new or reconfirmed state champions. Five specimens submitted to the American Forests’ National Registry of Big Trees during 2021 are still national champions. Information is presented regarding development of the Society’s Big Tree register along with instructions for accessing it online, both by computer and by smart phone.

Building fire safety management analysis based on the reliability assessment method of making safety systems in greenhouse display buildings

Fires must be alerted and anticipated or detected as early as possible. If a fire occurs, it will be fatal such as damage to buildings, infrastructure, other facilities and can even result in casualties. Therefore, a reliable fire protection system must be applied. To prevent or anticipate fires, detection must be carried out as early as possible and prepared facilities or infrastructure for fire safety. The Green House display building is an exhibition building of living plants from various mountains in Indonesia including the mountains of Java, the mountains of Sumatra, the mountains of Kalimantan, and the mountains of Papua. This building is the only building in Indonesia, which presents the atmosphere of the mountains exactly the same as the original mountains, both plants, soil and air temperature, but is in a closed room. Plants and soil are taken directly from the associated location. This building is allegedly very prone to fire because there are so many flammable materials such as leaves, wood and others. As well as forests in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan and Sumatra where fires often occur. Therefore, the application of Building Fire Safety Management in this building must be applied as well as possible. Fire safety management in question includes: completeness of facilities and infrastructure, active protection systems and passive protection systems. Active protection systems such as fire detection devices for this building cannot use ordinary systems, because in this building, the atmosphere is like mountains with many big trees. To ensure that the building can be declared reliable in terms of building safety, especially fire safety, it is necessary to check the reliability of the building. The inspection can be carried out by several methods, including analyzing based on applicable standards and analyzing based on the assessment of the reliability of the building safety system referring to the Settlement Research and Development Center, Research and Development Agency PU, Department of Public Works in 2005 (Pd-T-11-2005-C).

Storytelling in Optimizing the Learning of the History of Noah As

Background. As Muslims, we are obliged to study knowledge to be a provision in life, one of which is history. History is an event that happened in the past that we can learn and take lessons from for future life. Purpose. Derived from Arabic, syajarah, which means tree. Like a small seed that can grow as a big tree. History is considered to bring change, that's why history must be studied. Especially the history of the Prophets and Messengers. Method. . It is very important for children to learn in order to get the wisdom and advice contained therein. Results. Apart from gaining knowledge from formal education, non-formal education is also important for children. Non-formal education is present as a complement to formal education, namely to fulfill certain aspects that are not given in formal education. Conclusion. To fill the school void in certain aspects, it is good that parents can look for alternatives from non-formal education, one of which is by enrolling children in the Al-Qur'an Education Park. Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur'an or commonly abbreviated as TPA.

Carbon sequestration potential of trees from urban green spaces of Kolhapur city, Maharashtra, India

Abstract This study was an investigation into the carbon storage and sequestration of trees grown in the green spaces of Kolhapur city, Maharashtra. Urban gardens and green spaces, mainly considering big trees, have a great potential to sequester carbon from the atmosphere and to mitigate the impacts of climate change in cities. Total ten green pockets (gardens) were selected from Kolhapur city. This study was a sustainability initiative to inventory tree species from the green pockets and to assess their carbon sequestration potential for improved urban planning in the future. The above ground biomass (AGB) and below ground biomass (BGB) were estimated by a non destructive method. This included the measurement of tree height and diameter. A total of 29 species of trees were recorded during the study with a storage potential of 688.77 tons of carbon dioxide. Polyalthia longifolia was found to sequester maximum carbon dioxide (CO2) followed by Albizia saman and Mangifera indica. This research highlights the role of urban forests or green spaces and gardens, not only as ornamental and aesthetic plantations but also for mitigating the impacts of climate change at a local level. Well planned urban spaces and urban trees have a major role as green vegetation cover which can act as a carbon sink with high potential which will help in policy making and decision making in the future.