Big Pot Research Articles

Nickel acquisition affected by root density of mono- and mixed-cropping peanut and choy sum

Nickel (Ni) and associated minerals (Cr and Mn) are naturally occurring substances in ultramafic laterites soil. It may be found in our vegetables and grains when agriculture is grown in ultramafic laterites. This study aimed to assess the contamination of Ni in edible crops affected by soil volume in mono- and mixed cropping on limonitic laterite soil. The investigation was conducted on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) in three different pots sizes-representing soil volume to support root growth, which was filled with 0.5 kg (small), 1.0 kg (medium), and 1.5 kg (big) of limonitic laterite soil, respectively. The limonitic soil has a 7.884 mg kg-1 Ni concentration. The experiment shows that Ni concentration in peanut and Choy Sum shoots of mono-cropping in small, medium, and big pots achieve 20, 90, 120 mg kg-1 and 51, 67, and 95 mg kg-1, respectively. Meanwhile, in mixed cropping, Ni concentration in small, medium, and big pots of peanut and Choy Sum shoots are lower only by 33, 50, and 51 mg kg-1 and 15, 52, and 63 mg kg-1, respectively. Contamination of Ni in Peanut and Choy Sum shoots increases with the increasing soil volume, and mixed cropping is a potential strategy to reduce the acquisition of Ni.

Black Herman and the Rest of Us

Black Herman and the Rest of Us E. Ethelbert Miller (bio) (for Benjamin Rucker, 1889–1934) I can still remember Dr. Stephen Henderson in his small office in Founders Library of Howard University eating a half-smoke at his desk. He had been reading about Toni Morrison. Newsweek magazine had put her on their March 30, 1981, cover and placed the words "Black Magic" near her head. Henderson was munching and mumbling about how white people could only explain Black genius as being something strange and mystical. Was it possible Morrison had a big pot somewhere and simply had to stir and add characters and ingredients to produce a novel? If one possessed a wand, was it necessary to master craft? Black intelligence has always been questioned. History celebrates our bodies and not our minds. Black writers have always had to prove themselves as if they were being forced to stand on a literary slave block. How good can a Black writer mimic a white writer? Can a Black writer master form and master one's craft without a master? All my life I wanted to wear hats like Thelonius Monk or sit down in front of a computer and play the keys like Cecil Taylor. Who would then question my line breaks or my funky sonnets? Who would ask if my work was universal? "Do you only write Black poetry?" This is the equivalent of a Black poet being stopped by the police. The asking of the question is brutal. It's a knee on one's imagination. When Black poets do certain things, people stare. I wonder if people stared at the hem in Gwendolyn Brooks's sonnets as if she were Aretha Franklin singing "Nessun Dorma." During the height of the COVID pandemic I found myself spending more time in my backyard. I became more contemplative and aware of nature. I watched blue jays, cardinals, robins, and squirrels flying and running around the large statue of Buddha that sits in my yard. While doing "quiet" thinking I thought of my brother, Richard, who joined a monastery in 1962. He went off to the Trappist community of the Abbey of the Genesee in Piffard, New York, where the monks made bread. I imagined him stopping for a moment [End Page 108] and taking in his new surroundings. My brother was one of those individuals who was influenced by Thomas Merton. Thinking about the outdoors and my brother inspired me to reread a collection of Merton's writings called When the Trees Say Nothing. This was a small book given to me a few years ago by my friend Joanna Chen, a writer and translator living in Israel. I was particularly moved when I came across these words by Merton: How necessary it is for monks to work in the fields, in the rain, in the sun, in the mud, in the clay, in the wind: these are our spiritual directors and our novice masters. They form our contemplation. They instill us with virtue. They make us as stable as the land we live in. As I sat behind my house I wrote poems. I started writing haiku. As many of us worried about the spreading pandemic and the increasing number of deaths around the world, I became aware of my own mortality. Staring at the Buddha in my yard, I was reminded of the importance of mindfulness, the sacredness that comes with each breath one takes and the celebration of the moment. When I started writing poetry in the late sixties and early seventies, I wrote short poems. I was influenced by Langston Hughes, Norman Jordan, and the early work of Sonia Sanchez and Haki Madhubuti (then Don L. Lee). This soon became an invitation and an opportunity to begin to "go steady" with haiku. I like the simplistic structure and the connection it makes to nature. I like the playfulness in how the language might pause suddenly, the emphasis on an image or a moment in time. My regular writing of haiku soon became a working manuscript—the little book of e. When one thinks of African American poetry and the writing of haiku, one immediately thinks...

A Precarious Balance Between Disaster and Miracle

We got inside making our way through debris. There were a lot of pieces of things that had been whole until recently. A lot of aluminum furniture stood side by side with large, dark, wooden armoires and frosted-glass dressers with zoomorphic paws. There were disconnected hoses, very big pots and pans, and a lot of chairs and plastic tables with folding legs. Everything was carelessly piled up at the entrance, concealing almost completely a dismal reception.

Must Have Been A Lie

Must Have Been A Lie

Effect of Pot Size and Transplanting Date on Tuber Production Using Micro-Tubers of White Yam

Low multiplication ratio, long growth and development duration contribute to the long conventional breeding cycle of yams. Moreover, little is known about the effect of pot size and transplanting date on the yield of introduced semi-autotrophic hydroponics (SAH) derived micro-tubers of white yam (Dioscrearotundata Poir). This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pot size and transplanting date on tuber production of introduced SAH micro-tuber derived white yam var TDr9719177 in shed-house conditions. The SAH materials were introduced from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The trial involved two factors including two different pot sizes (38.5×28.5cm and 29.5×23.0cm) and two transplanting dates (September, 2020 and October, 2020). The results showed that micro-tubers grown in the big pot (38.5×28.5cm) significantly out yielded those established in the small pot (29.5×23.0cm). Transplanting in September produced heavier fresh tubers per plant (123.4g)and fresh tuber weight per tuber (88.8g) than transplanting in October, which had 17.4g and 14.1g, respectively. The mean difference of fresh tuber weight per plant between the transplanting pots was 68.4%, and between the transplanting dates was 85.9%. The mean difference of weight per tuber between the transplanting pots was 74.2%, and between the transplanting dates was 84.1%. The results suggested the relevance of early transplanting of healthy seedlings from SAH derived micro-tubers that could be exploited for deployment and promotion to seed yam producers for increased yam productivity. It also depicted the relevance of transplanting SAH micro-tubers in big container that promotes higher tuber production that could be exploited for the rapid multiplication of early generation seeds in yam breeding.

Cattleya Aurora’s Little Ian: uma novidade em flores pequenas de floração frequente

ABSTRACT Orchids are an important horticultural culture. Cattleya and its allies are among the most used ornamental group of this plant family. Cattleya hybrids normally are big pot plants with a determined flowering season (spring, summer, autumn or winter), so a small plant with vivid and multi-flowered spikes coloured and non-determined flowering season is desired. The hybrid Cattleya Aurora’s Little Ian is a new small pink-reddish hybrid flower, producing over four small to medium flowers per bunch. For the first time there is a description of a parameter, petal width, with heritability estimation and efficient to select superior clones derived from plants of the Section Cyrtolaelia in the Cattleya hybrid group. It could be easily grown either at shade house or at windowsill emitting shoots and flowering freely in each new shoot, independent of photo or thermoperiod, as long as it is kept in good growing conditions.

Plant growth promotion effect of plasma activated water on Lactuca sativa L. cultivated in two different volumes of substrate

Plasma activated water (PAW) can represent an alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture. The effects of PAW treatment applied in two concentrations (1.5 or 3.0 mg L−1 NO3−) on some morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters and yield of Lactuca sativa L. grown in two different pot volumes (400 or 3200 cm3) were investigated in this study. The results showed that both PAW concentrations did not influence the germination, once the process was initiated. Positive effects of the treatments were registered on the length of radicle and hypocotyls of lettuce at a concentration of 1.5 mg L−1 NO3− (PAW I), the chlorophyll content was significantly increased at a concentration of 3.0 mg L−1 NO3− (PAW II) and bigger pot volume, also the foliar weight and area. No significant differences between the treated and untreated plants were recorded for the root weight, leaf length and width. The dry weight was significantly higher for the lettuce treated with PAW I and II grown in big volume pots at 57 days after transplanting (DAT) and small volume pots at 64 DAT. The nitrites content of the lettuce grown in big pots was lower than of the lettuce grown in small pots, regardless of the PAW treatment. Contrary, the nitrates content was higher in the lettuce grown in big pots (up to 36.4 mg KNO3/g DW), compared to small pots (under 0.3 mg KNO3/g DW).

Biomass Accumulation in the Fern Asplenium nidus avis (L) under Root Restriction

Pot ornamental plant productivity is related to the environmental growth facilities but negatively affected by the pot root restriction syndrome. Most ferns showed a lower relative growth rate and long production cycles (24 months or more) for which growers use small pots to increase yield per unit area of greenhouse. The aim of this work was to analyze growth changes in response to different pot volume in plants of A. nidus avis spore-propagated under the hypothesis that it would play a role as an abiotic stress which decrease commercial productivity. Our results showed that the use of big pots increased fresh and dry weight and frond area (the main aesthetic trait). When growth parameters were performed, a higher the frond appearance rate (RLA), the frond area expansion (RLAE) and the frond thickness (SLA) were found in 1500 cm3 pot as well as the relative growth rate (RGR) and the net assimilation rate. The use of biggest pot for fern cropping stimulated biomass accumulation through a higher capacity to initiate and expand fronds, to increase photosynthetic rates and change photo assimilate partitioning which favor shoots. From the grower´s point of view, our results suggested that higher yields of A. nidus avis fern would be reached decreasing root restriction, that is, to use the biggest pot volume from the early transplant from plug trays.

Effect of Organic Manure and Potting Media on Germination and Early Growth of <i>Eucalyptus torelliana</i> F. Muell

A field experiment was carried out to determine the growth response of Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell. to organic manure and potting media. The experiment was conducted within the Nursery site of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Nasarawa State University Lafia. Sampled seedlings were systematically numbered and tagged for easy identification and enumeration, the experiment was laid out in a 4×2×5 factorial experiment in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). Analysis of variance was used to show the comparative performance of each the treatment and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) to locate where the significant differences occur among the means. The plant variables assessed are; collar girth, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area. The result of growth with respect to treatment revealed that poultry dropping performed better with mean value of 31.26±8.78 in plant height, 2.02±0.99 in collar girth, 10.42±2.38 leaf count, 7.04±0.91, in leaf length 4.26±0.88 in leaf width and 30.68±9.30 for leaf area. It was further revelled that big size polythene pot (16 by 10cm) with mean value (plant height 29.86±9.51, collar girth 2.05±1.14, leaf count 10.26±2.82, leaf length 7.25±1.32, leaf width 4.56±0.92 and leaf area 33.99±11.36) recorded the highest and best germination. It is recommended that big size pot and poultry droppings should be adopted in raising Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell.

Thinking in Bets

In poker, as in probabilistic paper-scissors-rock, how all the potential hands any players hold play versus each other is key: favorable strategic positioning of your hand among that universe that wins big pots, not good cards.

Natural Staining Patterns by Cochineal and Comparison of their Staining Patterns by the pre-or Post-Treatment of Mordants

Background/Objectives: The cochineal is a insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural red dye carmine is derived and is extracted from Dactylopius coccus Costa. In this study, using various mordants, it was analyzed whether the pre- or post-treatment of the mordants to cochineal dye could induce the changes of color in fabric silk. Methods/Statistical analysis: Cochineal was boiled with water in a big pot and then completed air-dried with sunlight for a natural dye. Mordants were added to a silk and then homogenized cochineal dye was added to the silk. Findings: Cochineal dye stained the silk pink without any mordant, which was deduced by the main component of a carmine substance. The pre-treatment of aluminum potassium sulfate and potassium dichromate showed the pale pink and more pale pink, respectively. However, those staining patterns were not quite different from cochineal dye without any mordant. In post-treatment of mordant, aluminum potassium sulfate showed very similar pattern of pale pink as compared with the pre-treatment of the mordant. However, other staining patterns were very different from the pre-treatment of the mordant. Improvements/Applications: Our study would be useful to understand the staining changes by pre- or post-treatment of mordants to cochineal dye.

Seasoned Punks: An Education in Cast Iron from the South's Greatest Unknown Punk Trio

Seasoned PunksAn Education in Cast Iron from the South's Greatest Unknown Punk Trio André Gallant (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Their fridge overflowed with leafy greens, sleeves of bread, and trays of tofu. Flies buzzed around a mason jar full of compost. Well-loved pots hung from hooks in the window trim. Illustrations by Nate Beaty. [End Page 51] This Bike is a Pipe Bomb rattled the basement windows of our rental house. High frequencies slipped through masonry cracks into the Athens, Georgia night, as amps fritzed from shorting wires. Guitar strings curled from frontman Rymodee's tuning pegs like rooster sickle feathers. He stood stiff when he sang, a slight figure whose mutton chops grew coiled as a scouring pad. He often hid his bright, kind eyes beneath a worn fedora tilted low, and wrapped his rawboned body in a denim vest. A shoddy microphone pressed to his lips, his voice reverberated against the plumbing and floor framing that crisscrossed overhead. "This is what I want, black kids and white kids, sharing all the songs / that their grandmama taught them," he screamed in a manner that honored both his love of English anarchists and his Tuscaloosa bloodline. This 2002 plea from the Pensacola, Florida trio found power in a room full of sweaty young punks. Alone, we were weirdos; together, we demanded sing-a-longs. A few crumpled dollar bills bought anyone entry. The crowd squeezed the band vise-tight, bumping bassist Terry Johnson and Rymodee into Ted Helmick's drumset, which fell away from his foot mid-thump, cymbals spilling onto the dirt floor. Precision didn't matter. We looked forward to the broken strings and miscues that paused songs, when Rymodee's nervous chatter and Terry's ribbing found voice. Most of us loved their music, a sound not quite punk or country (they couldn't pull off either with grace). The Pipe Bomb were the proud and discordant offspring of twang and protest, and the songs raced from choruses to outros with messages of social justice and folk teachings. Even metalheads flocked to their awkward hoedowns, seeking a safe space where beer spilled on clothes was quickly forgiven as the result of a good time. In the basement, nothing demarcated fan from musician. That continued when Pipe Bomb shows ended. Amps put away, a second performance began. Crates of cookware emerged from deep within the band's Jenga-stacked van. Rymodee unloaded his suitcase of spices. The party would move to the kitchen. teachable moments with a vegetarian bent Residents of our house shared demographics with punks in other cities: almost exclusively white, we were the disgruntled, latch-key progeny of broken homes, naïveté dashed by hanging chads and an invasion in Iraq, working in dish pits to afford shared bedrooms. Our politics—not yet fully formed—leaned radical. Youthful and absolutely sure we were right about everything, there was one thing we regularly got wrong: we sucked as cooks. Survival depended on devouring the unsold pizzas from the restaurants that stoked us with minimum wages. At best, we could prepare gelatinous stews that sat in our stomachs all day like rain-soaked blankets. We downed spoonfuls while holding our noses. [End Page 52] Click for larger view View full resolution Backpacks full of cookware, carrot tops flaring out like bushy tails, Rymodee and friends biked through balmy Pensacola until daybreak set the city's alabaster beaches ablaze. After the shows, I rode along in the Pipe Bomb's van, sitting on a speaker cabinet, on the hunt for free food. They scoped out dumpsters behind grocery stores for unblemished produce—and they invariably scored. Flashlights illuminating garbage bags, we unearthed boxes of eyed potatoes and flats of blotted squash from underneath leaking bags. To complete the pantry, they walked in the front door and purchased missing ingredients with donations they'd accepted during their sets. Back at our house, Rymodee quartered potatoes for roasting. We helped by boiling beans in big pots, and chopping collards for stewing. Rymodee ditched recipes. He set the oven for roasting and browned onions. We noted the temperature and technique. Like an alchemist, he...

Evaluation of waterlogging tolerance with the degree of foliar senescence at early vegetative stage of maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize is highly susceptible to waterlogging, which is becoming one of worldwide abiotic threats in many agricultural areas. This study was evaluated to establish the screening method and to find tolerant maize genotypes. Six Korean maize inbred lines were subjected to waterlogging at V3 for 15 days using a big size pot with single maize plant (big pot method) and a box containing 31 maize plants at a time (box method). The degree of foliar senescence and the number of senescent leaves were better indicators for selecting waterlogging tolerant maize genotypes than SPAD value and plant height. The degree of foliar senescence revealed that KS124, KS140, and KS141 are tolerant, and KS85 is susceptible to waterlogging at the early growth stage. These responses of foliar senescence were in clear accordance with those of plant grain yield, which was supported by stress tolerance index for grain yield. The box method also showed the similar response of foliar senescence to the big pot method. Therefore, this box method based on foliar senescence may be simple and efficient for large-scale screening of maize germplasm against waterlogging stress. It was concluded that foliar senescence can be a good indicator for selecting tolerant maize genotypes against waterlogging at the early growth stage.

Modelling the interaction between powdery mildew epidemics and host dynamics of tomato

A model simulating the progress of powdery mildew coupled to the growth dynamics of tomato, with a time step of 1 day, is developed. The model is formulated as a set of differential equations for the rate of change in the amount of healthy, diseased and defoliated leaf area of a diseased plant relative to that of a healthy crop. The main assumption of the model is that the total host area formed is limited and identical in the disease and non-disease situation. Host and disease parameters were estimated through fitting the model to experimental data obtained from glasshouse experiments. Model outputs of powdery mildew severity and tomato leaf area showed a good fit to observed data with R2 > 0.97. In the two experiments with big pot size, the estimated rates for host growth (rH: 0.110 and 0.123 day−1), defoliation (rD: 0.047 to 0.085 day−1) and disease (rY: 0.128 to 0.131 day−1) were very similar while the rates in the other experiment with small pots clearly differed. The simulated effect of the disease on the host growth rate was not uniform, predicting in only one experiment that powdery mildew epidemics significantly lowered the growth rate of diseased plants when compared to the healthy plants. The model showed that defoliation of healthy area does not contribute significantly to total defoliated area. Except for slight deviations, there were no significant differences between progress curves of either host or disease dynamics under a constant or variable disease rate influenced by temperature and relative humidity. Since there was a reasonably good fit between model outputs and experimental data, the model can be considered to satisfactorily describe the interaction between powdery mildew epidemics and growth dynamics of tomato.

A big pot of colored sweets.

A big pot of colored sweets.

Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence in different leaf positions may detect nitrogen deficiency in wheat

Nitrogen deficiency strongly influences crop photosynthetic performance and biomass production. In this study, we applied rapid, non-invasive records of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics for evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf photosynthetic performance. Plants were grown during the whole season in big pots filled with the soil substrate and they were supplied by different doses of nitrogen nutrition. The plant nitrogen and leaf chlorophyll content as well as the plant aboveground biomass were analyzed after chlorophyll fluorescence records in three growth stages. Our results confirmed that the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry frequently used in previous studies was almost insensitive to nitrogen treatment, if measured in young, non-senescent leaves. On the contrary, the performance index was much more responsive. The performance index values derived from parallel measurements in the youngest and third leaf from the top were used to calculate performance index leaf ratio, which correlated well with the plant nitrogen content. Moreover, this parameter was not sensitive to midday depression, which significantly affected the values of other chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Although the optimum performance index leaf ratio values decreased continuously in the second part of the growing season, the optimum and critical values for each growth stage can be easily identified. Thus, we suggest performance index leaf ratio as the simple parameter for the rapid evaluation of the wheat photosynthetic performance and an early indicator of insufficient nutrition level. Unlike some other approaches, suggested method seems to be useful also in conditions of a moderate nutrient deficiency.

The Effects of Batch Reactor Extraction on Antioxidant Activity from <i>Scurulla atropurpurea</i>

Problem statement: The main active compounds of benalu teh's include alkaloids and flavonoids, therefore antioxidant of it has big pot ential to develop. In the context of extraction, th e traditional (boiling in the water until one-third r emain) extraction require a long extraction time an d result in low yields of extraction also antioxidant activities. Approach: Batch reactor is extraction at high temperature under applied pressure to keep the solvent under liquid phase, by this technology we hope to obtain better results. Optimum extraction c onditions of benalu teh need to be discovered to obtain the antioxidant inside it. Benalu teh was ex tracted using traditional and batch reactor with different solvents (water, 30, 50, 70 and 99% ethan ol) at different temperatures (40-180°C) for different time periods (10-20 min) under additional pressure 0.2 MPa. Results: The best extraction condition by batch reactor extraction was 30% ethan ol solvent at temperature 100°C for 10 min. Conclusion: Batch reactor extraction gave a better result than traditional extraction on extract yield, radical scavenging activities and total phenolic co mpound compared with the traditional extraction.

Effect of Different Pot Sizes and Growth Media on the Agronomic Performance of Jatropha curcas

This research study was carried out to investigate the effect of different pot sizes and growth media on the growth of Jatropha curcas. Two different pot sizes (5 cm by 10 cm) for big pot sizes and (2½ cm by 2½ cm by 6 cm) for small pot sizes and 3 different growth media made up of Top Soil, River Sand and Sawdust were used. Relative comparison in Jatropha curcas plant agronomic parameter such as plant height, stem girth and number of leaves, was determined and the values were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result of the analysis shows a significant difference in the combination factor of treatment and weeks, for plant height, stem girth and number of leaves. From the mean value, River Sand in big pot (RB) has the highest value in height and girth with 7.2217 cm, 0.9950 mm respectively. While the highest number of leave was counted from Top Soil in big pot (TB) with 6.7333 cm. Based on the agronomic result obtained in this study, it can therefore be concluded that the best soil media for growing Jatropha curcas is River Sand and the best pot size is big pot (5 cm by 10 cm).

The Wolf’s Ear

The Wolf’s Ear

Poker Player Behavior After Big Wins and Big Losses

We find that experienced poker players typically change their style of play after winning or losing a big pot—most notably, playing less cautiously after a big loss, evidently hoping for lucky cards that will erase their loss. This finding is consistent with Kahneman and Tversky's (Kahneman, D., A. Tversky. 1979. Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica 47(2) 263–292) break-even hypothesis and suggests that when investors incur a large loss, it might be time to take a vacation or be monitored closely.