Big-Five Personality Dimensions Research Articles

Internal Dialogical Activity Scale - Revised (IDAS-R): A Portuguese Adaptation Study

According to the Dialogical Self Theory, the Self can move along the imaginal landscape of the mind and adopt different I-positions, endowing each position with a voice and enabling dialogical relationships (e.g., agreement, disagreement) among each other. Internal dialogues may have an important role regarding identity construction, self-regulation, and support, among others. However, if internal dialogues are not efficient or meaningful voices are suppressed, they may cause psychological problems. The current study aims to adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the Internal Dialogical Activity Scale - Revised (IDAS-R) and explore its correlations with personality dimensions and psychological indicators. The 397 participants, aged 15-73 years old, completed the IDAS-R and questionnaires to assess Well-Being, Satisfaction with Life, and the Big-Five Personality dimensions. Confirmatory factor analyses identified a factorial structure different than the one originally proposed. The CFA provided a best-fit model with four subscales – Identity Dialogues, Spontaneous Dialogues, Social and Supportive Dialogues, and Distressing Dialogues. All internal dialogues, except Identity Dialogues, correlated negatively with Well-Being and Satisfaction with Life and correlated positively with Neuroticism. We discuss these results, the possibility of assessing such dynamic processes by quantitative methods and point to new directions in the research of internal dialogicality.

Emotional intelligence matters in hospitality education: contributions of emotional intelligence, fluid ability, and personality to hospitality grades.

According to recent meta-analyses, emotional intelligence can significantly predict academic performance. In this research, we wanted to investigate a particular group of students for which emotional intelligence should be crucial. Namely, we examined whether emotional intelligence, conceptualized as an ability, uniquely contributes to academic performance in hospitality management education beyond fluid intelligence and personality. Using a battery of tests and questionnaires in an online survey, we analyzed if fluid ability, the Big-Five personality dimensions, and ability-based emotional intelligence predict six module grades in a sample of N = 330 first-semester students at a Swiss-based hospitality school. We found that the ability to manage other people's emotions is more predictive of module grades than fluid ability if the courses involve substantial parts of interactive work. Complementarily, the more a module focuses on theoretical knowledge or abstract subject material, the more fluid ability predicted performance. Other abilities and factors - emotion understanding, emotion regulation, the students' age, conscientiousness, and openness - predicted performance only in specific modules, hinting that the didactic methods and grading procedures are complex and involve various skills and dispositions of the students. Given that the hospitality education and industry are buzzing with interactions with peers and guests alike, we provide evidence that interpersonal and emotional competencies are vital to hospitality curricula.

An Exploratory Study of the Association between the Big-Five Personality Dimensions, the Use of Influencing Behaviors with Military Staff Members' Perceived Performance

The purpose was to explore the association between the Big Five personality dimensions, the use of influencing behaviors (influencing tactics and political skill) with military staff members’ perceived performance. The sample included 185 Armed Forces staff members from various countries (predominantly the Baltic countries, Sweden, Norway and the USA). A hierarchical multiple regression indicated that the Big-Five dimensions Extraversion and Openness made statistically significant contributions (albeit low) in step 1 of the regression analysis in relation to performance, however, their contribution was weakened after the influencing behaviors were added in step 2 of the analysis. Two influencing behaviors (influencing tactic Rational persuasion and Political skill) demonstrated to be unique statistically significant contributions to perceived performance in the model as a whole, with political skill being the strongest. Practical considerations and future research directions are suggested.

Equity Sensitivity and Organizational Outcomes: Incremental Validity over Big Five Personality Traits

One individual difference that emerged over the years is equity sensitivity. It was posited that this construct may be a central factor in predicting work outcomes in reactions to inequity. However, its conceptual overlap with already established dimensions of personality has been insufficiently taken into consideration so far. The present study examines the incremental validity of equity sensitivity in predicting counterproductive work behaviors and perception of organizational justice over the Big Five personality traits. The study sample consisted of 223 Romanian working adults. Results showed that, although equity sensitivity had a significant relationship with counterproductive work behaviors after controlling for the Big five personality traits, its incremental validity was small, with little practical utility. Moreover, the incremental validity of equity sensitivity in predicting justice dimension above the Big-Five personality dimensions was not supported. Theoretical and practical implications of equity sensitivity for personnel selection are discussed.

Multi-expert and multi-criteria evaluation of Online Education Factors: A fuzzy AHP approach

Abstract : COVID-19 has highly impacted industry, agriculture, services sector as well as education sector all over the world. The countries have seen a complete lockdown, and it has badly affected students' lives in the education sector. Almost more than 32 crores of learners are unable to move to schools or colleges in India. The solution to overcome the offline education crisis is to move to online platforms. But, the effectiveness of online platforms for teaching is a big challenge. The most important thing in teaching is achieving the satisfaction level of students. The literature shows many factors impact satisfaction level, and these factors are ICT orientation, Big-Five Personality Dimensions, Instructor Quality, and Course Design. These factors are having subfactors four, five, seven, and six, respectively. The current study targets to prioritize the factors by using the fuzzy AHP approach. The factors are pritorized based on their normalized weight. To gain depth insights, thesub-factors are also prioritized, and they are ranked relatively as well as globally. Relatively means to figure out the important and least sub-factor from the corresponding factor, globally means to rank each sub-factor among all identified factors. The results show that BF is the most important and CD is the leastimportant factor for achieving students satisfaction level. Looking at relative weights, NE and LQ are the most important factors among BF and CD, respectively. After considering global weights, PI and AD are the most and least important sub-factors, respectively. Keywords: Online Classes, Fuzzy AHP, Instructor Quality, ICT Orientation, COVID 19

Personality and Subjective Well-Being: Towards Personalized Persuasive Interventions for Health and Well-Being.

• Human-centered computing → Personalization → HCI design and evaluation methods → User models.

Retraction: An Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between the Big-Five Personality Dimensions and Political Skills with Military Staff Members’ Perceived Performance

Retraction: An Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between the Big-Five Personality Dimensions and Political Skills with Military Staff Members’ Perceived Performance

Examining the Hierarchical Influences of the Big-Five Dimensions and Anxiety Sensitivity on Anxiety Symptoms in Children.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS), namely the fear of anxiety symptoms, has been described as a precursor of sub-threshold anxiety levels. Sexton et al. (2003) posited that increased AS would arise from an elevated neuroticism and that both would act as vulnerability factors for panic disorder (PD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms. Accordingly, this study aimed to (1) evaluate the applicability of this model to a pediatric population and (2) examine the influences of the other Big-Five personality dimensions on the four lower-order dimensions of AS (cognitive, physical, control, and physical) and on social phobia (SP), separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and depression symptoms. 200 children (104 girls) aged between 8 and 12 years old (mean age = 132.52 months, SD = 14.5) completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Silverman et al., 1991), the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (Barbaranelli et al., 2003), and the Revised’s Children Anxiety and Depression Scale (Chorpita et al., 2000). Regression analyses confirmed that AS and neuroticism together significantly predicted the presence of PD, OCD, and GAD symptoms but also SP, SAD, and depression symptoms. Moreover, neuroticism interacted with extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness to significantly predict SP, GAD, and depression. Surprisingly, the global AS score was only predicted by agreeableness, while AS dimensions also specifically related to openness. Finally, AS dimensions did not predict the presence of specific anxiety symptoms. To conclude, the predicting model of anxiety symptoms in children sets neuroticism and AS on the same level, with an unexpected influence of agreeableness on AS, raising the importance of other trait-like factors in the definition of such models. Moreover, AS should be considered as a unitary construct when predicting the presence of anxiety symptoms in children. Future interventions must consider these associations to help children detect and recognize the symptoms of their anxiety and help them to interpret them correctly.

Cultural, cognitive and personality traits in risk-taking behaviour: evidence from Poland and the United States of America

The study analyses the susceptibility to risk-taking behaviour in relation to cultural, cognitive and personality traits. For the requirements of the research, undergraduate students with the same major but from two different cultural regions (Poland and the USA) were examined. In order to better understand them, the ten-item personality inventory (TIPI) method – a 10-item measure of the Big-Five personality dimensions – was used. A domain-specific risk-taking (DOSPERT) scale was used to assess risk-taking, while cognitive aspects of behaviour were measured by a cognitive reflection test. It is important to point out that Polish students reported significantly greater proneness to risk-taking than their American counterparts. It was revealed that participants scoring highly in the cognitive reflection test were characterised with lower risk-taking propensity. Consistent with past research, high scores in extraversion and low scores in conscientiousness predicted overall risk-taking behaviour. As follows from the study, men reported significantly greater willingness to take risks than women.

Personality traits, patient-centered health status and prognosis of brain tumor patients.

Personality traits can be related to prognosis of cancer patients. The study aimed to evaluate the association of big-five personality dimensions with emotional and cognitive health status, and prognosis of brain tumor patients. A total of 178 patients admitted for brain tumor surgery were evaluated for personality traits (Tem item Personality Inventory), depressive/anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale or HADS) and cognitive functioning (Mini Mental State Examination or MMSE) on admission. One-hundred and forty-three patients were re-evaluated (HADS and MMSE scales) at hospital discharge. Follow-up continued until November, 2015. Thirty-five patients were diagnosed with high-grade glioma, 15 with low-grade glioma and 128 with benign brain tumors (meningioma, pituitary adenoma and vestibular schwannoma). In multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, past brain tumor treatment, psychiatric histories and medication use, and education, greater TIPI-Extroversion score was associated with greater admission MMSE score (β = 0.159); TIPI-Emotional stability score, with lower HADS-Depression and HADS-Anxiety scores on admission (β = - 0.407 and β = - 0.404, respectively) and at discharge (β = - 0.404 and β = - 0.319, respectively); and greater TIPI-Openness score, with lower admission HADS-D score (β = - 0.255, p = 0.001). In benign brain tumor patients, greater TIPI-Openness score was associated with reduced mortality risk [HR = 0.554 95% CI (0.376-0.814) p = 0.003)] independently from age, gender and histological diagnosis. Personality traits were not associated with survival of high-grade and low-grade glioma patients. Emotional stability and openness are associated with lower depressive/anxiety symptom severity, and extroversion with better cognitive functioning independently from demographic and clinical risk factors. Openness predicts lower mortality risk of low-grade/benign brain tumor patients.

Study of alexithymia trait based on Big-Five Personality Dimensions

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between Big Five personality traits and alexithymia and to determine differences of alexithymic compare with non- alexithymic individuals in these personality traits in university students. In present study, 150 university students at Tabriz University were selected and asked to answer NEO – Five Factor Inventory (NEO - FFI), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS - 20). Results showed that there are negative and significant relationships between conscientiousness and openness to experiences with alexithymia and positive and significant relationships between neuroticism with alexithymia. As well as, there is significant difference between alexithymic and non-alexithymic individuals in neuroticism and openness to experiences. In one hand, these results suggest that neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness to experiences are determinant of alexithymia; and in the other hand, high level of neuroticism and low level of openness to experiences are the characteristic of alexithymic people based on Big-five. Therefore, it can be conclude that high neuroticism and low openness to experiences are the alexithymic individual’s traits.

An Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between the Big-Five Personality Dimensions and Political Skills with Military Staff Members’ Perceived Performance

The purpose was to explore the relationship and mediation effects between the Big Five personality dimensions, and political skill with military staff members’ perceived performance. The sample included 185 Armed Forces International staff members from several military education facilities. The results indicated that the PSI and several personality dimensions were positively correlated with individuals’ perceived performance. In addition, the personality dimension Conscientiousness acted as a statistically significant mediator between an individual’s use of political skills and their perceived performance. Practical considerations and future research directions are suggested. This article has been retracted. A retraction article relating to this can be found here: http://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.94

The independent and interactive effects of the Big-Five personality dimensions upon dispositional coping and coping effectiveness in sport

We examined the independent and interactive effects of the Big-Five personality traits on dispositional coping and coping effectiveness among athletes. Participants were 400 athletes (mean age 22.97, s = 7.00) from the UK. The athletes completed measures of personality, dispositional coping, and coping effectiveness. The Big-Five personality traits independently predicted the use of higher order coping dimensions. Extraversion, agreeableness, and openness positively predicted task-oriented coping. Neuroticism positively predicted distraction-oriented coping, whereas agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness were negative predictors. Both extraversion and neuroticism positively predicted disengagement-oriented coping, whereas agreeableness and conscientiousness were negative predictors. Only neuroticism predicted coping effectiveness, which emerged as a negative predictor. Findings also showed a two-way interaction effect for predicting task-oriented coping between neuroticism and openness, and between extraversion and neuroticism. A further two-way interaction effect for predicting distraction-oriented coping was found between agreeableness and conscientiousness. These findings reinforce the need to investigate not only independent, but also interactive effects of personality dimensions upon sport-related dispositional coping.

The Association between Big-Five Personality and Property Deviance

Objective - Property deviance is an inverse behaviour that has received widespread attention from all forms of organisations. This behaviour can be characterised as theft, embezzlement, bribery and corruption.The public sector has experiences wide exposure to this behaviour due to its prevalence among public sector employees. Thus, in this study, emphasis is given to the personality of the public administrator in identifying the contribution of personality in curbing property deviance. Methodology/Technique - The study was conducted on public organisations and questionnaires were distributed to public administrators using a convenience survey. The questionnaire uses the Big-Five Personality Dimensions developed by Lussier (2008), whilst the property deviance uses a three-item questionnaire developed by Robinson and Bennett (1995). Data was analysed through correlation analysis. Findings - The findings demonstrated that personality does contribute to property deviance, with all dimensions of personality having a significant negative association with property deviance. These findings highlight major implications for public organisations in identifying the personality of their staff, in order to control the rate of property deviance and establishing a system for translating these findings into action to be taken, in order for the existing staff and future employees to regulate desirable workplace behaviour. Novelty - The study suggests that screening should be conducted periodically in the selection process as well as in the form of employee training for staff with the personality traits found in people likely to engage in property deviance. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Property Deviance; Personality; Surgency; Conscientiousness; Agreeableness; Emotional Stability; Openness to Experience.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression in Romanian and international medical students: Relationship with big-five personality dimensions and social support

BackgroundA wide variety of countries are seeking to attract international medical students. International students are quite distinct from local students with respect to ethnicity, race, social and cultural norms, customs, nationality and physical appearance. Medical students are more predisposed to mental disorders, including depression due to several factors, such as: individual personality characteristics, chronic exposure to stressors from an occupation that deals with pain and death and trouble with the teaching-learning process. In the host country, international medical students meet a lot of stressful situations as: language barriers, academic demands, homesickness and lack of social support.AimsTo evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Romanian and international medical students studying medicine in Romania. To assess the relationship between symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of depression and big-five personality dimensions in medical students.MethodsOverall, 230 first year medical students (90 from English section, 70 from French section and 70 from Romanian sections studying at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Romania, were evaluated for symptoms of anxiety and depression using the STAI and BDI and for personality using the NEO FFI.ResultsSymptoms of anxiety and symptoms of depression were prevalent in medical students (43% and 14%, respectively).ConclusionsSymptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent in medical students. Severity of symptoms of anxiety and symptoms of depression in medical students are negatively related to emotional stability. Special attention should be paid to those students who have high levels of depression and low levels of emotional stability.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The assessment of detachment among university students: Validation of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire in educational contexts

<p>The objective of this study was to adapt and validate the <em>Recovery Experience Questionnaire</em> for use in an educational context. So far, this measure of detachment has mainly been used with workers. The study aimed to verify the factor validity and the criterion-related validity through correlation with self-regulation, engagement, coping strategies, and big-five personality dimensions in a sample of 468 Spanish university students. Several models proposed in the literature have been tested through confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained confirmed the presence of four factors: psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery and control, as observed in previous studies within a workplace setting. Correlations obtained between these factors and the variables considered verified that detachment is significantly and positively associated with self-regulation, engagement, coping strategies, and certain types of personality; on the other side, detachment is significantly and negatively associated with irritation.</p>

Profiles of career adaptivity and their relations with adaptability, adapting, and adaptation

Career adaptivity is the first factor in a chain of putative effects posited in the career construction theory (CCT): Adaptivity→Adaptability→Adapting→Adaptation. Hitherto, research on adaptivity has chiefly used variable-centered strategies to investigate the independent effects of adaptivity-related traits on adaptability, adapting, and adaptation averaged over all individuals constituting a sample. The present research, comprising two studies, seeks to extend this work by using person-centered analytic strategies to identify distinct profiles of adaptivity based on combinations of the Big-Five personality dimensions. We also examine the associations of profile membership with adaptability, adapting, and adaptation from the CCT perspective. Latent profile analyses revealed that a comparable 3-profile solution, comprising so-called “adaptive ready”, “ordinary”, and “rigid” adaptivity profiles, fit best in both studies using distinct measures of the Big-Five. Furthermore, across both studies, the latent subgroups were found to differ on levels of adaptability measured using two distinct instruments. Adaptability was highest in the “adaptive ready” subgroup followed by the “ordinary” and “rigid” subgroups, respectively. Finally, Study 2 showed that the adaptivity profiles differed with respect to indices of adapting (viz., organized study behaviors) and adaptation (viz., academic and career-choice satisfaction) in line with expectations from the CCT. The present findings constitute the first evidence showing that career adaptivity can be adequately represented via trait interactions. The findings also add to the empirical literature underpinning the CCT. Furthermore, this research is an informative demonstration of the utility of finite mixture analyses.

Contributions of personality dimensions to spontaneous and deliberate information processing in the guilty actions test

The contribution of the Big-Five personality dimensions and locus of control to examinees' physiological responses in the Concealed Information polygraph Test (CIT) was examined for the first time. One hundred and twenty undergraduate students who completed Big Five personality and locus of control questionnaires were instructed to commit a mock theft. They were subsequently tested in the Guilty Actions polygraph Test, a modified version of the CIT. Each of the six sets of items (questions) was repeated twice. Results showed that introversion predicted enhanced Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) to the critical items only for the first repetition of the first 3 questions which was explained by sensitivity to orienting responses. In contrast, extraversion was linked to Finger Pulse Waveform Length (FPWL) responses to the first repetition of the first 3 questions and was explained by extended and more deliberate information processing due to increased interest in the experiment. Participants high in openness to experience, characterized by intellectual curiosity, responded more strongly on FPWL throughout the test. Lower Neuroticism scores predicted enhanced Respiration Line Length (RLL) responses in the first repetition of the first 3 questions. Internal locus of control predicted higher tonic skin conductance level before and throughout the test. Results were explained by different information processing styles associated with these personality dimensions during various stages of the test.

The Influence of the Big-Five Personality Traits Dimensions on Knowledge Sharing Behavior

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the Big-Five personality (BFP) dimensions on individual’s knowledge sharing behavior. In this paper, we empirically investigated the effect of personality traits (extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism) on knowledge sharing behavior among academics in a public university in Malaysia. A questionnaire-based survey was employed for the data collection. A total of 133 academic staff members participated in the survey. The findings showed that personality traits dimension are important characteristic that influence knowledge sharing. Openness to experience, extroversion and conscientiousness has positive significant influence on individuals’ knowledge sharing behavior. Also, the results indicated that openness to experience appears to be the most significant factor influencing of knowledge sharing. Although agreeableness among academic staff has an influence on their knowledge sharing behavior yet it is not statistically significant. As expected, neuroticism had negative significant influence on the knowledge sharing. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1s1p241

Goals to change personality traits: Concurrent links between personality traits, daily behavior, and goals to change oneself

Across four studies, we developed and validated a measure of people’s goals to change their personality traits. In doing so, we explored the prevalence and correlates of such change goals. We found that the vast majority of people want to change aspects of their personalities, and that these desires are organized around the big-five personality dimensions. Change goals were related to theoretically relevant predictors, including life satisfaction and current personality traits. In three subsequent daily–diary studies, we found that change goals were discriminant from more generalized trait-relevant motives, and that change goals were negatively correlated with daily behavior, to the extent that traits and behavior covaried. Implications for studying people’s goals and attempts to change their personality traits are discussed.