Big Contrast Research Articles

Efficiency evaluation and influencing factors of Industrial Internet enabling manufacturing industry

Abstract The industrial Internet is an important support for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. In the present work, a non-oriented SBM-DEA super-efficiency model is constructed. It takes Jiangsu Province in China as an example to estimate the efficiency of industrial Internet enabling manufacturing transformation and upgrading and further analyzes the influencing factors of enabling efficiency by using the Tobit model. It shows that the efficiency level of the transformation of the industrial Internet-enabling manufacturing industry varies greatly from place to place, the distribution is unstable, and there is a big contrast with the level of economic development in different places. The number of supporting service institutions, policy support, and the proportion of secondary industry have a significant positive influence on the enabling efficiency of the industrial Internet, while the degree of opening to the outside world has a significant inhibitory effect on the comprehensive efficiency of the industrial Internet.

Deakin microgrid digital twin and analysis of AI models for power generation prediction

To achieve carbon neutral by 2025, Deakin University launched a AUD 23 million Renewable Energy Microgrid in 2020 with a 7-megawatt solar farm, the largest at an Australian University. A web-based digital twin (DT) is developed to provide operators with intelligence and insights through several AI-driven capabilities. Accurate and computationally efficient power generation prediction is one of the critical elements in this DT. To this end, we researched the literature and identified the commonly used Machine Learning-based prediction models and compared them computationally using power generation and weather sensor data obtained from the solar farm. From the computational experiments, we find that, overall, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has achieved the highest R2-score (0.944) and the lowest RMSE (14.848). To obtain further insights, we compared the methods using our two novel metrics, the x-percentile Closeness scores and the x-percentile Absolute error scores. The new metrics provide us with a spectrum to measure the consistency and robustness of the prediction methods instead of just a single value. Further, power generation can fluctuate substantially, and a prediction model should be accurate regardless of the magnitude of the output, hence measuring the relative error has its merits. By our two new metrics, using the data from our Deakin Microgrid, Random Forrest (RF) outperformed the other methods tested, with the smallest absolute relative error across the whole spectrum (from 0.011 to 0.457). RF is also the fastest in model training time at 4.894 s and XGBoost came second at 5.115 s–a big contrast to ANN at 144.102 s. All prediction times are under 1 s. RF is therefore used as a power prediction algorithm in our Deakin Microgrid Digital Twin.

A new structural model of warping torsion. II: Evaluation for a model problem

This paper presents an evaluation of the mixed formulation of warping torsion developed in the first part of this work. Specifically, we present a comparative study with two widely-used existing formulations, namely, the TWKV formulation of Timoshenko–Wagner–Kappus–Vlasov involving only the twist rotation (thus constraining the twist to the warping) and the RBV formulation of Reissner–Benscoter–Vlasov incorporating an additional warping field, as the newly proposed mixed formulation. However, in big contrast to those two formulations, the new formulation involves an alternative kinematic relation between the twist and warping motivated by a full mixed treatment of the axial strain–stress response. The evaluations are based on the exact closed-form solution for a model problem of a prismatic elastic shaft, with the torsional constants appearing in the different formulations computed with plane finite element approximations of the relevant warping functions on the cross section. The structural models are also compared with full 3D finite element simulations of the elastic solids. The new mixed formulation is found to improve upon the over-stiff constrained TWKV formulation as well as the RBV formulation with its physically incorrect stresses.

Otomind: A Text Mining Approach to Automatic Concept Mapping

Despite the linear use of PowerPoint presentation slides in classroom and lecture halls, the brain works primarily with key concepts that it links and integrates. This is a big contrast from the typical student behaviour of reading or memorizing the slides.This paper presents a new system that automatically generate a mind map based on a set of keywords and keyphrases extracted from PowerPoint presentation slides. The system takes a text mining approach and relies on a keyphrase extraction algorithm to extract the keywords and keyphrases. Survey results reflect a rising need of such application as part of educational technologies and the potential benefits are observed and discussed.

Chilean vegetation in the context of the Braun-Blanquet approach and a comparison with EcoVeg formations

Aims: The Braun-Blanquet approach has been widely implemented to generate classification schemes at the country level and Chile is not an exception. In spite of numerous studies, a revised system for the whole country is still missing and most of the current surveys are restricted to a small set of vegetation groups or specific study sites. To fill this gap, we established a vegetation-plot database and updated the classification into a single syntaxonomic scheme. We also performed a comparison of this scheme with the formation system following the EcoVeg approach. Study area: Continental Chile. Methods: We compiled a database of 1,582 plot observations, which are classified into 29 classes, 43 orders, 65 alliances, and 162 associations according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. Results: These observations were assigned to 7 formation classes, 10 subclasses and 19 formations in the EcoVeg approach. There are several mismatches between phytosociological classes and EcoVeg formations, which indicates some inconsistencies in the current stage of syntaxonomy in Chile. Besides a big contrast on bioclimatic conditions within the country’s territory, the occurrence of intrazonal vegetation may explain the high diversity of phytosociological associations recorded in this database. Conclusions: This work may constitute the basis for the implementation of the EcoVeg classification at the levels of alliance and association and can be extended for other countries in the South American sub-continent.

Piezochromic Luminescence of Cyano Substituted E/Z Isomeric Derivatives: Different Responses to External Stimuli

AbstractAs an important class of stimuli‐responsive material, piezochromic organic materials have been widely investigated in recent years. To promote their further applications as pressure sensors, realizing a high sensitivity and big color contrast, especially under high external pressure, is of great importance. Herein, two pure cis/trans isomers, E‐ANTCN and Z‐ANTCN, based on anthracene and cyano substituted double bond are achieved. The molecular structures are determined by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, correlation spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. At ambient conditions, both of them show typical mechanochromic characteristics under grinding−heating or grinding−fuming treatments. E‐ANTCN displays a sensitivity of 0.83 nm GPa−1 and a color contrast of 5 nm in a high‐pressure experiment, while Z‐ANTCN shows a much enhanced sensitivity of 22.64 nm GPa−1 and bigger color contrast of 110 nm, indicating the potential as a good colorimetric sensor for external pressure. The two cyano groups in the same side of double bond in Z‐ANTCN induce more intense intermolecular interactions with a resultant spatial packing mode being mainly responsive for its good sensing performance. This study fills the gap for a piezochromic property and high‐pressure experiment of E/Z isomers and provides useful information for the investigation of molecular structural changes under isotropic and anisotropic treatments.

Revealing the geological materials properties by a shallow seismic method for investigating slope site effects: a case study of Qiaozhuang town, Qingchuan County, China

This article presents a description of the lithology and weathered features of the subsurface under Qiaozhuang Town through a 2-D interpretation based on a shallow seismic reflection geophysical survey. To obtain the overburden, phyllite, and limestone geological parameters for the dynamic effect assessment of the slope site, twelve shallow seismic profiles were collected in the target area at slope sites where intensive ground damage was caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. To expose the geological features of rock masses with different lithologies, six shots field recordings for each profile were performed. The results showed reflection signals of a seismic wave that exhibited four to five weathered layers within a shallow depth range. The interpretation of velocity analysis of the geological imaging shows that the elastic velocities of the reflection layers increase with depth. The overburden, the first layer of slope surface, had velocities in the range of 724 m/s to 1024 m/s with the thickness changing in a large domain from 5 to 25 m, which was partially revealed in an exploration shaft and in a borehole. In deeper bedrock, the limestone was characterized by a mean velocity of 1470 m/s to 3760 m/s and the phyllite was characterized by a mean velocity of 1440 m/s to 3580 m/s. Moreover, the geological imaging of partial profiles showed that a weak and discontinuous reflection seismic wave may be interpreted as a fractured zone. The interpretation results reveal that the elastic velocity changing with lithology material is clear presence, leading to the impedance contrast varies from the slope inside to the surface. In particular, the presence of lower velocity layer, such as the overburden, which big material impedance contrast (> 1.0) likely formed strong slope site effects. Therefore, the geological material property of the study area was probably another factor causing the slope failure during the Wenchuan earthquake.

The Ontological Presence and its Relationship to the Parental Deprivation experienced by University students

The present research aims to know the the type of the ontological presence (original -unoriginal )the students in University  of Mosul )who suffer from the parental deprivation because of death . Thus the community of the research has been chosen. An intentional  random sample is used (100 students at colleges of university of Mosul. The researcher depended on Fromm's theory of the original  ontological presence, and she prepared a scale to achieve  the aim.The results showed that the sample enjoyed an original ontological presence but with a  great deviation from the medium. This emphasizes the big contrast among the subjects of the sample. Thereupon, the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions.

La Sociolingüística de Redes y los Social Media

In this paper, the model of Social Networks –proposed in 1987 by J. Milroy and L. Milroy– is applied to the analysis of linguistic interactions that happen in Facebook and Twitter, two social networks with a similar purpose but they behave in a different way and they provide different types of reticulated structures. The linguistic behavior of users of social media is studied in order to determine whether the general principles defensed in the reticular studies applied to the linguistic variation are achieved in the language used in digital platforms. Our results show that there is a big contrast between the linguistic characteristics that present the people who are part of a dense and multiple network –Facebook– and the ones that take part in a relaxed and simple network –Twitter.

Remarkable Improvement of the Catalytic Performance of PtFe Nanoparticles by Structural Ordering and Doping.

To achieve fuel cell commercialization, the performance improvement and cost reduction of catalysts are still the main challenges. To enhance the catalytic activity and durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), we prepare Au-PtFe particles entrapped in a porous carbon and then convert them to have a fine-grained and highly ordered intermetallic structure. The optimal Au-PtFe particles in catalyzing ORR exhibit initial specific and mass activities 9 times higher than the commercial catalyst of Pt/C. Such a large enhancement is much higher than most of the Pt-based ordered intermetallic catalysts reported in the literature. Accelerated durability testing induces little degradation of the catalytic activity to the ordered structure, particularly the Au-doped one, after potential cycling for many thousands of cycles under harsh electrochemical conditions involving an acidic medium and a high potential range of 0.66-1.3 V. This is in big contrast with the large degradation shown by most previous catalysts. The excellent activity and durability are attributed to synergistic effects of the fine-grained and ordered structure of the particles, the confining support of the porous carbon, and the homogeneous incorporation of a trace amount of Au. The new intermetallic catalyst of Au-PtFe/C represents a new strategy for performance enhancement and cost reduction and thus promotes practical applications of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.

Influence of SrTiO3 capping layer on the charge transport at the interfaces of SrTiO3/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (100) heterostructure

The experimental realization of quasi-two-dimensional hole gas at the complex oxide interface has long been a grand challenge that may open up new possibilities for oxide-based electronics. ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (STO)-capped ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$ (LAO)/${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (100) is a potential candidate that has been recently demonstrated to show possible electron-hole bilayer conducting channels near the interfaces of the heterostructure. In this work we present a systematic investigation on the structural and magnetotransport properties of STO-capped and uncapped LAO/STO (100) samples that were grown by an oxide molecular beam epitaxy system. The STO/LAO/STO (100) samples exhibit metallic interfaces down to $T$ = 2 K even with a LAO thickness of merely 3 unit cells (3-uc). On the contrary for uncapped LAO(5-uc)/STO (100) samples the conducting interface becomes insulating at lower temperatures due to the surface adsorbate on top of the LAO as revealed from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The magnetotransport data at different back-gate voltages for STO-capped and uncapped LAO/STO (100) samples were analyzed and compared to each other using the two-band model. The presence of two types of charge carriers with opposite signs is uniquely found for STO/LAO/STO (100) samples which is in big contrast to the uncapped LAO/STO (100) samples with only electron-type carriers. Our results support the coexistence of electron-type and hole-type carriers in the STO/LAO/STO (100) heterostructure where their sheet densities and mobilities can be tuned significantly by electrical gating effect and the layer thickness of the heterostructure.

A Parody of Psalm 8 in Job 7:17-19

The book of Job presents us with a shocking story of a righteous man. He does everything what the Law says. Yet, he suffers. He looks for the answer of his suffering and finds nothing satisfactory. Uniquely, in chapter 7, the protagonist laments. The form of his lamentation somehow reminds its readers a poem similar to Psalm 8. However, there is a big contrast. Psalm 8 is a joyful hymn. Psalm 8 expresses man’s confidence in God’s faithful love. Yet, Job 7 contains a distress of man who experiences God as a cruel watchman. He feels that his life is completely under God’s surveillance that makes him suffocated. Based on its literary genre, Job 7 is considered as a parody. Parody works by adapting a previously popular literary work into a new one, but with different intentions. In this paper, the intention of Job’s author is going to be examined. Through the short analysis of its literary form, what can be found is that the author of Job 7 purposefully conveys a sharp criticism to the general notion of the Wisdom Tradition of that era. The Wisdom Tradition emphasizes much on the faith in God based on the relation between punishment and reward. This emphasis has reduced the complexity of human suffering.

Statistics and Characteristics Analysis of China’s Intellectual Property Crimes

By collecting, comparing and analyzing the data of intellectual property crime cases officially published, it is found that there is a big contrast between the quantity and the actual situation. Such crimes have the possibility of the existence of large-scale crime black numbers, the expansion of the scope of real-world crime objects, and the difficulty of eradicating criminal objects in virtual worlds. It should be given priority in the legal framework to reduce the phenomenon of intellectual property crime.

Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Complex Thin Film of Poly(2-oxazoline) and Poly(acrylic acid).

The hydrogen-bonded polymer complex thin film of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was fabricated with layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. The film shows exponential growth at early stage and transfers to linear growth after 10 assembling cycles, and the stable thickness increment per assembling cycle in the linear region could be higher than 100 nm. The film growth should be related with polymer chain diffusion during LbL assembly. The effects of assembling time, rinsing time, temperature, pH value, concentration and molecular weight on the thin film growth were investigated. Increasing the assembly time, the temperature and the concentration is favorable to produce the thick film. Prolonging rinsing time is good for preparing smooth film. The film can be constructed below pH 4.5 while the prepared film will not completely dissolve until pH value elevates to 7.0. Molecular weight has a subtle effect on the PEOX/PAA film growth. The PEOX-PAA pair that has a big molecular weight contrast shows fast film growth in the linear region.

Saliency detection using suitable variant of local and global consistency

In existing local and global consistency (LGC) framework, the cost functions related to classifying functions adopt the sum of each row of weight matrix as an important factor. Some of these classifying functions are successfully applied to saliency detection. From the point of saliency detection, this factor is inversely proportional to the colour contrast between image regions and their surroundings. However, an image region that holds a big colour contrast against it surroundings does not denote it must be a salient region. Therefore a suitable variant of LGC is introduced by removing this factor in cost function, and a suitable classifying function (SCF) is decided. Then a saliency detection method that utilises the SCF, content‐based initial label assignment scheme, and appearance‐based label assignment scheme is presented. Via updating the content‐based initial labels and appearance‐based labels by the SCF, a coarse saliency map and several intermediate saliency maps are obtained. Furthermore, to enhance the detection accuracy, a novel optimisation function is presented to fuse the intermediate saliency maps that have a high detection performance for final saliency generation. Numerous experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves competitive performance against some recent state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for saliency detection.

Attention region detection based on closure prior in layered bit Planes

An attention region usually possesses a closed contour and a significant color contrast against its surroundings. Inspired by this observation, a novel prior so called closure prior is introduced as an important high-level saliency cue in this paper. Specifically, firstly, the connectivity analysis is used in layered bit planes to extract closed regions based on closure prior. Secondly, the closed regions touching image boundaries are removed based on the assumption that most photographers will not crop attention regions along the view frame. Thirdly, based on the hypothesis that an image region should have a big contrast against its surroundings if it has more chances in all bit planes to be a closed region, the contrast contributions of a closed region in all bit planes are accumulated to obtain color contrast. Meanwhile, by taking account for the characteristics of human visual system according to the perception of small attention region, and the mechanism of human visual resource allocation between attention regions, several morphological filtering technologies are applied to the steps of color contrast calculating. Finally, the saliency map aiming for attention region detection is generated from the contrast map. The experimental results show the presented detection method achieves acceptable performance compared with twelve state-of-the-art models.

Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Induction Surveys in Hydrogeological Investigations; Case Study from Poland

In 2011, a geophysical survey was carried out in the surroundings of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, using a Very Low Frequency method. The measurements were designed to determine the reason of frequent flooding of the lowest level of the building. The main objective of the study was to find out from where and in which way the rainwater seeps into the building and how this problem can be solved in the least invasive manner. The aim of geophysical methods was also to provide necessary information that will enable the construction of a hydro-geological model of the local environment. The interpretation revealed the presence of a sandy gutter surrounded by impermeable clay. There is a big resistivity contrast between those layers. Their location and approximate dimensions were determined.

Based on the Improved Fusion Algorithm of Wavelet Image Contrast and Canny Operator

Aiming at the visual effect and the fusion quality is poor of the traditional image fusion algorithm, the new fusion algorithm is adopted that combining the Canny operator with taking big window contrast. The algorithm uses wavelet transform to the original images are decomposed firstly, the process will be based on the frequency characteristics of the image information to form two pieces of information, low frequency and high frequency information. Low frequency subband uses weighted average fusion algorithm, while high frequency subband uses the algorithm which combines Canny operator with taking big window contrast, the last fusion image is got from the wavelet reconstruction in contrast to the principle of wavelet decomposition . The corresponding simulation analysis was carried out on the fusion algorithm, and the visual effect is more clear. Also the object evaluation standard increased significantly.

La crítica de René Girard al humanismo

In Rene Girard’s work there are a lot of critics to the humanism and the humanists. First of all, in this article we will deal with a definition of this concept and his historiographic problem. There is a big contrast between the topics and ideals of the humanism and the mimetic theory. We study the explicit Girard’s critics to the humanists and finally we present one perspective that allows to consider himself like a humanist thinker.

Online Dispute Resolution to Resolve Consumer Disputes from the Perspective of European Union Law: Is the Potential of ODR Fully Used?

Traditional judicial mechanisms did not offer an adequate solution for cross-border electronic commerce disputes. Although there has been expected great potential in solving disputes online and the rise of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) use, the assumptions has not been confirmed yet. Only a few examples demonstrate the success stories of ODR, which is in big contrast to the continuous growth of electronic transactions and in general with the use of the online environment. The European Commission however understood the potential of ODR and it is trying to foster the use of it by adopting the ODR Regulation and the ADR Directive. Such legal framework has been developed to apply in consumer disputes arising out of sales or providing services between an EU consumer and an EU trader.The ADR Directive sets out basic standards of ADR entities and processual rules under which it is possible to solve the dispute. Then under the ODR Regulation the complainant will be able to submit a complaint using the ODR platform. The complaint (and any related documentation) will be submitted to the ODR platform via an electronic form.Yet it is necessary to assess the risks of above mentioned legal framework. One of the great concerns are connected with possible forum shopping while providers are registering as ADR entities. Experienced trader (unlike the consumer) is able to choose ADR provider, which is more likely to decide in his favour. Possible exclusion of online negotiation or even online tools in general is then further underlining possible. The paper will thus assess main legal aspects of ADR / ODR legal framework of European Union Law and will deal with main problematic parts of it.