Big Bang Explosion Research Articles

Viability of Baryon to Entropy Ratio in Modified Hořava–Lifshitz Gravity

In this paper, we study the matter–antimatter imbalance in the universe through baryogenesis (also known as baryosynthesis), which is a physical process that took off just a little while after the big bang explosion, producing a supremacy of matter over antimatter. In this work, we commit the reproduction of the baryon to entropy ratio (ηBS=ηβ−ηβ¯S), where ηβ(ηβ¯) is a baryon(anti-baryon) number and S is the entropy of the universe in the presence of modified Hořava-Lifshitz F(R) gravity, which is also called F(R˜)-gravity. We inspect different baryogenesis interactions proportional to R˜ (where R˜ is the argument of general function F used for the development of modified Hořava-Lifshitz gravity). For this study, we examine two models by choosing different values of F(R˜). In the first model, the functional value of F(R˜)=R˜+αR˜2 (where α is a real constant). The second model is more generalized and extended as compare to first one. Mathematically, this model is given by F(R˜)=R˜+αR˜2+βR˜m, where α, β are real constants and m>2 is a real model parameter. Our results for both models and different values of m point out that matter-antimatter asymmetry does not vanish under the effect of the modified Hořava-Lifshitz theory of gravity, which shows a consistent and compatible fact of gravitational baryogenesis with recent observational data.

Big Bang Theory based on Hubble’s constant

The experimental relations between the speeds of galaxies and their corresponding separations from the Earth are discussed in some detail. It is pointed out that Hubble’s Constant, which indicates that the speeds and separations have the same constant ratio for every known galaxy, can be combined with well-known relationships for objects under the influence of constant acceleration to give some concrete predictions of how these quantities vary with time. It is found according to this analysis that the acceleration of each galaxy is directly proportional to its speed, for example. This value is the net result of the continuous competition between gravitational forces and the inertial forces still operative since the Big Bang explosion. Its value is extremely small, equal to only 1.17x10-10 ft/s2 for the Hydra galaxy, for example, which moves at a speed of 38,000 mi/s. Most importantly, the indication is that is that the inertial forces are constantly winning out over the gravitational forces for each galaxy. The resulting equations also indicate that the speed of any galaxy varies in direct proportion to the time Δt which has elapsed since the origin of the universe (Big Bang explosion), while its distance from the Earth varies as the square of this elapsed time. On this basis, it is concluded that Hubble’s Constant itself varies in direct proportion to Δt and thus acts as a “clock of the universe.” More generally, the conclusion from this analysis is that the universe is open and continues to expand outward at an ever increasing rate

A Different Approach for Big Bang Singularity

With the discovery of Hubble Red Shift in the cosmological Universe, the question of Big Bang explosion has become inevitable and to explain this point of singularity thereon. Dissolution and manifestation of the universe happen to occur periodically. In this paper,analysis has been undertaken on the basis of scientific development on well accepted cosmological model, different scientific concepts and on one Vedic/Tantric scriptural remark. According to Vedic/Tantric scriptural remark, at the time of dissolution of the universe it remains in the form of gram. Different scientific tools like Electron Microscopy, X-rays powder diffraction method. Raman & UV spectroscopy have been applied in analyzing the two parts of gram and finally to find out what do they correspond to cosmological analysis of Big Bang singularity. Main mechanisms in action in dissolution and manifestation have also been pointed out.

Geo-spatial Big Data Mining Techniques

As stated in literature by several authors, there has been literally big-bang explosion in data acquired in recent times. This is especially so about the geographical or geospatial data. The huge volume of data acquired in different formats, structured, unstructured ways, having large complexity and non-stop generation of these data have posed an insurmountable challenge in scientific and business world alike. The conventional tools, techniques and hardware existing about a decade ago have met with the limitations in handling such data. Hence, such data are termed as big data. This has necessitated inventing new software tools and techniques as well as parallel computing hardware architectures to meet the requirement of timely and efficient handling of the big data. The field of data mining has been benefitted from these evolutions as well. This article reviews the evolution of data mining techniques over last two decades and efforts made in developing big data analytics, especially as applied to geospatial big data. This is still a very actively evolving field. There will be no surprise if some new techniques are published before this article appears in print.

One Universe, Endless Cycles

The finding of cosmic cold spots now reveal real possibilities of existing other universe. Many researchers are now aware of our universe might be the one of billions-perhaps an infinite number of universes①. However, the introduction of concept of multiverse creates confusion, because it alters the definition of universe established in scientific world.. In this paper, a possible cause is discussed in physics. The theories of multiverse indirectly recognize possibilities of multiple big bangs’ existence, where each big bang generates its respective family of galaxies and occupies it’s associated space. Based on recent telescope observation, our universe is cooling down while its expanding is sped up ② The energy in the universe is constant, when the background temperature drops, the heat energy transforms into a different form of energy that is momentum which fueling passing galaxy with kinetic energy③. In this paper, author will clarify some of paradox phenomenon that puzzles physics theorists who follow classic physics law. The introduction of new physics law-e.g. quantum law is neither necessary nor supported. The big bang explosion is triggered by a certain level (quantifiable) of mass/energy. It cannot require an infinite level of mass/energy. To explain it in a more organized way without defying universe definition, A new terminology – “Zolaxy” must be introduced for each part of the universal system, ③which is created by a single mother blast.

Critical Parameters for Big-Bang Thermal Explosion

The matter before a Big Bang was presumed to be with a power law thermal absorptivity and it was confined in an annular domain. We study the possible hot-spot occurring of this exotic matter by adopting the boundary perturbation approach and selecting specific critical parameters after intensive (numerically) searching. We found the small wavy roughness may delay a possible Big-Bang explosion and shift the critical location.

Can the Universe create itself?

The question of first-cause has troubled philosophers and cosmologists alike. Now that it is apparent that our universe began in a Big Bang explosion, the question of what happened before the Big Bang arises. Inflation seems like a very promising answer, but as Borde and Vilenkin have shown, the inflationary state preceding the Big Bang must have had a beginning also. Ultimately, the difficult question seems to be how to make something out of nothing. This paper explores the idea that this is the wrong question --- that that is not how the Universe got here. Instead, we explore the idea of whether there is anything in the laws of physics that would prevent the Universe from creating itself. Because spacetimes can be curved and multiply connected, general relativity allows for the possibility of closed timelike curves (CTCs). Thus, tracing backwards in time through the original inflationary state we may eventually encounter a region of CTCs giving no first-cause. This region of CTCs, may well be over by now (being bounded toward the future by a Cauchy horizon). We illustrate that such models --- with CTCs --- are not necessarily inconsistent by demonstrating self-consistent vacuums for Misner space and a multiply connected de Sitter space in which the renormalized energy-momentum tensor does not diverge as one approaches the Cauchy horizon and solves Einstein's equations. We show such a Universe can be classically stable and self-consistent if and only if the potentials are retarded, giving a natural explanation of the arrow of time. Some specific scenarios (out of many possible ones) for this type of model are described. For example: an inflationary universe gives rise to baby universes, one of which turns out to be itself. Interestingly, the laws of physics may allow the Universe to be its own mother.

Some speculations on a causal unification of relativity, gravitation, and quantum mechanics

Some speculations on a causal model that could provide a common conceptual foundation for relativity, gravitation, and quantum mechanics are presented. The present approach is a unification of three theories, the first being the repulsive theory of gravitational forces first proposed by Lesage in the eighteenth century. Lesage attempted to explain gravitational forces from the principle of conservation of momentum of some hypothetical particles, which we shall call gravitons. These gravitons, whose density is assumed homogenous, are constantly colliding with objects. The gravitational force is caused by a shielding effect of bodies when they are near each other. One also can make a clear physical distinction between an accelerating and a nonaccelerating object from this viewpoint. The second of these theories is the Brownian motion theory of quantum mechanics or stochastic mechanics, which treats the nondeterministic nature of quantum mechanics as being due to a Brownian motion of all objects. This Brownian motion being caused by the statistical variation in the graviton flux. The above two theories are unified in this article with the causal theory of special relativity. Within the present context, the time dilations (and other effects) of relativity are explained by assuming that the rate of a clock is a function of the total number or intensity of gravitons and the average frequency or energy of the gravitons that the clock receives. Two clocks having some relative velocity in the same intensity gravitational field would then have a different rate because the average frequency of the gravitons would be different for each clock owing to the Doppler effect. That is, they would essentially be in different fields considering both the frequency and intensity. The special theory would then be the special case of the general theory where the intensity is constant but the average frequency varies. In all the previous it is necessary to assume a particular model of the creation of the universe, namely the Big Bang theory. This assumption gives us the existence of a preferred reference frame, the frame in which the Big Bang explosion was at rest. The above concepts of graviton distribution and real time dilations become meaningful by assuming the Big Bang theory along with this preferred frame. An experimental test is proposed.