Biggest Area Research Articles

ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS

As population grows, abiotic stresses reduce plant growth and agricultural output, affecting global food security. Heat, cold, drought, salinity, and heavy metals affect crops. Heat stress from climate change disrupts cellular metabolism and lowers productivity. Tropical and subtropical crops suffer physiologically from cold stress. Climate variability affects drought, reducing crop output and germination. Salinity stunts growth and causes nutritional imbalances in big agricultural areas. Heavy metal buildup in soils threatens plant health. To overcome these problems, plants use osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defenses, and stress signaling pathways. CRISPR/Cas9 and other genetic engineering and molecular breeding methods may improve crop stress tolerance. Using omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomic, proteomics, and metabolomics) in breeding programs helps us understand stress tolerance processes and generate resilient crop types. This research is crucial for sustainable agriculture and global food security.

Polyoxometalate/MOF-derived MoSe2/(Ni, Co)Se2 for battery-type electrodes of high-performance supercapacitors

Polyoxometalates (POMs), as multinuclear metal oxide clusters, possess natural multi-electron redox properties and high electrical conductivity. However, their susceptibility to leaching and agglomeration limits their application in energy storage. MOF materials provide a solution to the limitation of POMs due to their controllable pore sizes, big surface areas and strong adsorption properties. The synergistic effect between the two components greatly improves the electrochemical properties of the composites. In view of this, PMo12 is encapsulated in ZIF-67 to form PMo12@ZIF-67 by in situ self-assembly, and benefitted from this unique precursor, MoSe2/(Ni, Co)Se2 hollow structures assembled by nanoparticles are synthesized though Ni2+ etching and selenization process. At the same time, the PMo12 content is optimized to get the best performance of 60-MoSe2/(Ni, Co)Se2. In the three-electrode test, the developed 60-MoSe2/(Ni, Co)Se2 electrode material exhibits an excellent specific capacity of 359.9 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and a capacitance retention rate of 83.7 % after 10,000 cycles. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled with a positive electrode of 60-MoSe2/(Ni, Co)Se2 and a negative electrode of activated carbon exhibits an excellent energy density of 40.3 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800.9 W kg−1. These superior electrochemical properties are attributed to the unique electronic structure of PMo12, which further demonstrates the feasibility of constructing hollow multicomponent selenides as energy storage materials using PMo12-ZIF-67 as a precursor.

Seismic evaluation of Site-City interaction effects between city blocks

In urban environments, buildings are often seismically designed with their standalone response, such as isolated structures devoid of surrounding structures. Nonetheless, there is always a chance that a significant seismic interaction between nearby buildings through the underlying soil will occur in big urban areas with high building densities. This paper evaluates the Site-City interaction (SCI) between different city block arrangements under seismic excitation given different parameters of the buildings and centre-to-centre interbuilding distances. A database of strong ground motion records with Far-Field, Near-Field Without Pulse and Near-Field Pulse-Like characteristics are employed. The results suggest that the SCI effects were strongly influenced by the building properties and resonance effects of the soil stratum. Furthermore, as a mean for all the earthquakes considered here, the SCI can amplify or reduce the seismic response of the buildings, depending on the relative position between the city blocks.

Comparative mineral and biochemical characterization of Citrus reticulata fruits and leaves to citrus canker pathogens, Xanthomonas axonopodis

Pakistan’s economy greatly benefits from citrus production since these fruits are sold and consumed all over the world. Although citrus fruits are easy to cultivate, they are susceptible to diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These challenges, as well as difficulties in obtaining the proper nutrients, might negatively impact fruit yields and quality. Citrus canker is another complicated problem caused by the germ Xanthomonas axonopodis. This germ affects many types of citrus fruits all over the world. This study looked closely at how citrus canker affects the leaves and the quality of the fruit in places like Sargodha, Bhalwal, Kotmomin, and Silanwali, which are big areas for growing citrus in the Sargodha district. What we found was that plants without the disease had more chlorophyll in their leaves compared to the sick plants. Also, the healthy plants had better amounts of important minerals like calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus in their fruits. But the fruits with the disease had too much sodium, and the iron levels were a bit different. The fruits with the disease also didn’t have as much of something that protects them called antioxidants, which made them more likely to get sick. This study helps us understand how citrus canker affects plants and fruit, so we can think of ways to deal with it.

Surface Modification of NaCrO2 Positive Electrode Material for Sodium-Ion-Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries are potential successors of lithium-ion batteries, due to the abundance of sodium resources, which leads to up to 30% cost reduction when the two systems are compared directly[1]. While the cost advantage is high the performance of sodium ion batteries still needs improvement if they are to replace their lithium counterparts in many areas. Stability and performance are big areas which need to be improved.The volatile (H2AlOtBu)2-precursor can be used to create a coating of HAlO on metal surfaces at 270°C from the gas phase via chemical vapor deposition. It has also been used to coat Li1+x(Ni0.85Co0.10Mn0.05)1-x positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries in an autoclave at 180°C, resulting in a LiAlO2 layer and improving cycling stability.[2],[3]In this work the same coating procedure was applied to the NaCrO2 positive electrode material resulting in a similar coating and improving the performance of the material in electrochemical tests in half cells. The coating received has been shown to be a mix of different aluminium compounds resulting in an artificial cathode electrolyte interface. Electrochemical testing shows that the capacity of the treated material is higher than the capacity of the pristine one from the first cycle and it shows increased cycling stability. These improvements can be attributed to a lower resistance of the coated compared to the pristine material as shown by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Overall the coating procedure is simple and the required amount of 0.3 weight percent of precursor material compared to the positive electrode material is very small for a big effect on electrochemical performance.[1] D.Larcher, J-M. Tarascon, Nat. Chem, 2014, 7, 19-25[2] M. Veith, S. Faber, H. Wolfanger, V. Huch, Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 381.[3] A. Martens, C. Bolli, A. Hoffmann, C. Erk, T. Ludwig, M. El Kazzi, U. Bredde-mann, P. Novák, I. Krossing, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020, 167, 70510.

The Role of Aesthetics in Socialization and Social Integration of the Institutionalized Elderly

Within the individualized plan of assistance and care that underpins the assistance of the elderly in difficulty for whom it was decided to provide care and assistance either at home, in the family/family environment, or a residential institution/service, one of the three big areas of intervention are given by socialization and social integration (along with medico-social care activities and recovery/preadaptation/rehabilitation activities). Socialization and social integration, through the motivations to live they provide, contribute by far decisively to the quality of life of the elderly (including the shaping of good/satisfactory subjective health) and the protection of the elderly against various forms of mistreatment. Considering the role that, throughout the millennia of human existence, the aesthetic has played, the ways and forms of its manifestation, the emotion generated and which removed the human being from the animal area, as due to its congeneric coexistence at least with homo sapiens, they cannot be ignored in any process that regards / frames / shapes the human being. For this reason, it is very important to know if the aesthetic has anything to do with socialization and social integration in general, if it can influence it and in what way, and in particular, if it can influence and in what way the socialization and social integration of the institutionalized elderly person who invariably experiences a double mourning of separation (from his family and his usual native environment). Given that quantitative research could only provide a "snapshot" of the process at the time of the research or at most a tendency or a trend, we opted for qualitative research that can provide us with the comprehensive resource we need to develop later practical approaches to the socialization and social integration of institutionalized elderly people from an aesthetic perspective. We based our approach starting from the classic statement of Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) that in the spiritual sciences, unlike the natural sciences, we are dealing with conscious beings who react to stimuli in the surrounding world according to their representations, their beliefs, and values, the specific approach of knowledge is a comprehensive one, of reconstructing the meaning that individuals attribute to their behaviors and taking into account his remark that "We explain things, but we understand people". As a result, we used the focus-group method combined with the life story. The research group was elderly people institutionalized in the Jimbolia Home for the Elderly, not dependent or semi-dependent on care, who have preserved their fundamental cognitive capacities. This group is representative not only of Timiș County because the people in it come from several areas of it and have their origins in various cultural areas in the country.

Global and regional myocardial function assessment in symptomatic patients with chronic coronary syndrome using longitudinal strain and noninvasive myocardial work.

Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) derived longitudinal strain (LS) and noninvasive pressure-strain loop (PSL) derived myocardial work (MW) are more sensitive than conventional echocardiographic parameters in quantitative assessment of early myocardial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess left ventricular (LV) global and regional myocardial function in symptomatic chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients using the two promising methods.Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on patients with angina or equivalent symptoms before coronary angiography. STE-based LS and PSL-based MW analysis were carried out on each patient for global and regional myocardial function assessment.A total of 102 patients were classified into significant and nonsignificant coronary artery stenosis (CAS) groups. Among global myocardial function parameters, LS had the biggest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.735, with cutoff value of 18.4% (sensitivity, 79.6%; specificity, 72.9%), but remained statistically alike with all MW indices in predicting significant CAS (P>0.05 for all). Among regional myocardial function parameters, both LS and MW indices had predictive value for significant left anterior descending artery (LAD) or left circumflex artery (LCX) stenosis, while only myocardial work efficiency (MWE) for right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis.Both global and regional LS and MW have predictive value for significant CAS, but their value of regionalized assessment varies with specific coronary artery involvement.

Study on Reinforced Concrete Building with and without Floating Column Configurations under Earthquake Loading

Abstract: In the present scenario, due to a lack of available space and an increase in population, open space is typically designated on the bottom level of multi-story buildings (both residential and commercial) for parking, gathering spaces, or theatre uses in the current situation. Floating columns were developed to meet the demand for big open areas with little or little usage of columns. Columns without a foundation are known as floating columns since they rely on beams. Since these columns provide a continuous channel for weight transmission, they are regarded as being unstable during an earthquake. Throughout the study, multiple writers examine various floating column designs. For various seismic zonal zones, their impact on the structure is compared to structures without floating columns, and the safest arrangement is determined.

The Impacts of Corporate Governance on Dividend Pay-out Ratio Policy before and during the Covid-19 Era: The study case in the Energy Industry in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of good corporate Governance during the Covid -19 era on the dividend payout ratio policy in Indonesia. Moreover, during the Covid- 19 era has urged the higher management such US boards ofDirectors to deal with all difficulties and uncertainties in the business situation. During the Covid-19 era, the Energy has faced big challenges due to lock down policy occurred in many big areas which can leads to disruptive global economic supply chains. Due to the lock down, the number of demands for energy has decreased, henceforth the price is becoming more expensive. In this research will show and compare the conditions of the energy industry before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. this research is categorized quantitative research which the sample used is gathered from secondary data, financial reports, from basic material industry for publicly listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018 – 2020, a total of 33 companies. Result of study This showing only the boards of Directors and Commissioners Independent before the pandemic took effect to dividends payout ratio

The Impact of Corporate Governance on Dividend Pay-out Ratio Policy During the Covid-19 Era: The study case in the Basic Material Industry in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of Good Corporate Governance during the Covid -19 era on the dividend payout rasio policy in Indonesia. During Covid-19 era, the Basic Materials industry has faced big challenges due to lock down policy occured in many big areas which can lead to disruptive global economic supply chain. Due to lock down, the number of demands for basic materials has increased, meanwhile the price is becoming more expensive, because there was scarcity to get basic materials in the market. Increasing income in many Basic Material industry, can cause the percentage payment of dividends during the year of 2020 proposed by Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners. In this research will show and compare the condition of Basic Material industry before and during Covid-19 pandemic. This reseach is categorized as a quantitative reseach which the sample used is gathered from secondary data, financial report, from basic material industry for public listed company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018 – 2020, a total of 43 companies. There are 4 independent variables which is used in this study, which are the Independent Commissioner, the Board of Directors, the Board of Commissioners and the Audit Committee, meanwhile the dependent variable is dividend payout ratio.

Housing Market in Central European City during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Many aspects of the global economy changed during the Covid-19 pandemic, including the real estate market. This study examines the primary residential property market in Opole during the Covid-19 pandemic. It uses property transaction data from 2018 to 2021 to conduct statistical analyses and independent group tests and also takes into account the real-estate price trend from 2014 to 2020. The study finds that both property prices and preferences relating to the structure and location of housing changed during the pandemic. In the case of Opole, the number of transactions involving residential units in the primary market increased in 2020 compared to previous years. After adjusting the unit price value of residential properties for the trend in the pre-pandemic period, the study finds that there was also an increase in property transaction prices. The study confirms three important facts relating to phenomena that are occurring globally in cities today. First, local communities are more diverse in terms of the economic heterogeneity of real estate buyers. Second, unlike big urban areas, small cities may be more resistant to the process of citizens migrating to suburban areas, thereby limiting the negative phenomenon of urban sprawl. Third, the housing real estate market in small cities is considered a reliable form of investment of assets, as real estate prices increased during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Antibody There? Mapping the Human Proteome with Mathias Uhlén

Antibody There? Mapping the Human Proteome with Mathias Uhlén

Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Evolution, Influencing Factors, and Spillover Effects of the Urban–Rural Income Gap in Chongqing Municipality, China

In addition to being necessary for the stability, coordination, and sustainable growth of the national economy, narrowing the urban–rural income gap is also an “Important national matter” for the long-term security of the nation. “Big mountain areas, big cities, big reservoir areas, big rural areas, and ethnic areas” are all present in the municipality of Chongqing. All of the poverty-stricken counties have been lifted out of poverty, despite the promotion of targeted poverty alleviation and other policies, significant urban–rural income gaps remain. In view of the current research, there has been no in-depth discussion on the correlation between urban and rural income gap and poverty levels in various regions, and there has been no in-depth discussion on the spatial correlation and spillover effects of various influencing factors. This paper employs panel data from 2010 to 2021 for 37 counties in Chongqing; based on an analysis of the characteristics of the urban–rural income gap’s spatial pattern and spatio-temporal evolution, it classifies each county (city and district) as either a non-poverty or poverty-stricken county and uses spatial econometric models to conduct an in-depth study of the influencing factors and spillover effects of the urban–rural income gap in Chongqing. The outcomes of our analysis of the influencing factors reveal that the level of fixed assets investment, the per capita spending of public funds, the proportion of rural employees, the proportion of grain sowing, the amount of agricultural fertilizer applied per unit area, the proportion of real estate development investment, and population density variables are important causes of the URIG in Chongqing. The spillover effects of these factors vary between poverty-stricken and non-poverty-stricken counties. This paper aims to provide reference to policymakers to design measures to narrow the urban–rural income gap and advance the urban–rural coordinated development strategy on the basis of a thorough examination of the spatial and temporal evolution, influencing variables, and spillover effects of the urban–rural income gap in Chongqing.

Examination of Proximodistal Patellar Position in Dogs with the Stifle at Full Extension.

The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to functional patella alta, with which the proximodistal patellar position exceeds the reference range of healthy small dogs proximally when the stifle is at full extension. Mediolateral-view radiographs of dogs weighing less than 15 kg were obtained and classified into the medial patellar luxation (MPL) and control groups. The reference range of the proximodistal patellar position was determined from the control group. In both groups, a patellar position exceeding this reference range proximally was considered functional patella alta. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors related to functional patella alta. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was made for each factor. Overall, radiographs of 127 stifles of 75 dogs were obtained. Eleven stifles in the MPL group and one stifle in the control group were determined to be functional patella alta. The factors associated with functional patella alta included a greater full extension angle of the stifle joint, longer patellar ligament, and shorter femoral trochlear length. The full extension angle of the stifle joint had the biggest area under the ROC curve. Mediolateral radiographs of the stifle joint in full extension are clinically important in dogs with MPL because some dogs might have a proximally positioned patella that is recognizable only when the stifles are extended.

Synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon emission mitigation in the digital economy

Synergetic control of environmental pollution and carbon emissions (SCEPCE) is essential to green development. The emergence of the digital economy has become a significant component in regional economic growth. Investigating the digital driving mode for SCEPCE in developing countries is crucial. This paper empirically analyzes the effect of establishing big data comprehensive experimental areas (BDCEAs) on air pollutants and carbon emissions using panel data of prefecture-level cities from 2009 to 2020 and the time-varying difference-in-differences method. The research found that (1) BDCEA inhibits pollution and carbon emissions, and the policy effect is sustainable. (2) The synergistic effect is significant, particularly in small and medium-sized cities and old industrial-base cities. The benefit of reducing pollution is only significant in the east. The effect of reducing CO2 emissions is only significant in the west. (3) The pollution reduction effect of digital economic development has the characteristics of an increasing marginal effect, and the marginal effect of its carbon reduction effect is not apparent. (4) The technological innovation and energy efficiency improvement effects are effective mechanisms. This paper enriches the studies on the factors influencing SCEPCE, which will help to realize SCEPCE and the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature in developing countries. However, policy incentives and green development strategies must be fine-tuned to achieve global SCEPCE.

Comparison of The Toronto IBD Global Endoscopic Reporting (TIGER) score, Mayo endoscopic score (MES), and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) in predicting the need for ileal pouch–anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis

Total proctocolectomy (TPC) with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has been accepted as a radical surgery for refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to assess the predictive value of several novel and widely used endoscopic core systems, The Toronto IBD Global Endoscopic Reporting (TIGER) score, Mayo endoscopic score (MES), and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) in guiding the need for IPAA. Data on patients with UC from June 1986 and June 2022 at our institute were collected. The endoscopic evaluation was recorded according to the first colonoscopy after hospitalization. Primary outcome was the need for IPAA during admission and follow-up. A total of 313 patients with a median follow-up time and a median TIGER score of 12.0years (interquartile range (IQR): 6.0-17.0) and 212.0 (IQR: 7.0-327.0) were enrolled. IPAA was conducted in 110 (35.1%) patients, which significantly improved the long-term quality of life. TIGER score had the biggest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.810 with a sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 87.1% at the cut-off value of 315 (p < 0.001). TIGER score ≥ 315 was an independent risk factor with the highest odds ratio for the need for IPAA and associated with the shortest IPAA-free survival time compared with UCEIS and MES. TIGER score was superior to UCEIS and MES in predicting the need for IPAA. For colorectal surgeons, three or more segments with moderate-to-severe endoscopic activity should be considered as a threshold value for decision-making for IPAA.

Long-term effects of clearcut and selective cut on seepage chemistry in a N-saturated spruce stand – Case study Höglwald

While comprehensive literature is available concerning the effects of clearcutting on N leaching via seepage water little information is available comparing different harvesting intensities. In order to close this gap of knowledge in 1999 an experiment comparing selective cut and clearcut at the Höglwald site was started. The Höglwald is a major Central European ecosystem study site and represents a typical spruce forest ecosystem in Southern Germany, subject to high nitrogen deposition. Bulk deposition, throughfall and seepage water concentrations at 0 and 40 cm depth were measured from 1999 until 2017 at three plots (control, clearcut, selective cut). Elemental fluxes were calculated using measured water fluxes (precipitation, throughfall) or calculated soil water fluxes using a hydrological model. Here we present the final results for the 17-year measurement period comparing different harvesting intensities from initial harvesting until the complete removal of all mature trees.Initial nitrate peaks after clearcutting the nitrogen saturated spruce ecosystems were very high (up to 34 mg nitrate-N l−1) but short-lived (2 years). Afterwards nitrate leaching strongly decreased to values close to zero due to reduced input and the demand of the upcoming vegetation. For the investigated 17-year period cumulative nitrogen losses at the clearcut plot were lower as compared to the uncut control. The selective cut was not able to prevent nitrate leaching in our N-saturated spruce stand. Here cumulative nitrogen losses in the first 17 years are similar compared to the uncut control due to a combination of ongoing high deposition and partially enhanced mineralisation after harvesting events.At our nitrogen saturated study site the selective cut showed no advantages concerning nitrate leaching via seepage water. From a silvicultural and forest ecological point of view, however, big cleared areas with their sudden change to a non-forest climate should be avoided due to several disadvantages like high initial mineralisation with its excessive nutrient release, the risk of grass invasion as well as higher stress and often lower quality of the planted trees.

COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave in Valle de México and México City: A spatial analysis approach in small areas

The first cases of the COVID-19 disease in Mexico came from abroad in February 2020. Communitarian propagation accelerated the infection in the big metropolitan areas of Mexico, such as Valle de México Metropolitan Zone (VMMZ), were located the biggest people concentration in the country. In this study, we evaluate the spatial distribution of the positive cases and deaths in VMMZ at municipality level through a spatial econometric model that include socio demographic and economic variables, besides we explore the active cases in Ciudad de México at neighborhood level. We found significant spatial effects, most notably in positive cases, that could help to explain the stage of the disease, in both levels municipality and neighborhood. The model shed light to observe how the COVID19 hits harder at the municipalities more densely populated and where the urbanization process was deeper, compared with those peripheral, nevertheless, worst living conditions also exhibit a positive relationship, in both positive cases and deaths.

Perancangan Lampu Lalu Lintas Dengan Led Bicolor Menggunakan Arduino

The growth in the number of vehicles every year will have an impact on the number of vehicles on the road. Thus, road congestion will increasingly occur in big city areas. Traffic lights are one of the tools to prevent congestion at especially at road intersections by making motorists more orderly stop and walk according to the signal of the light on. The need for traffic lights will also increase along with the number of congestion points at road intersections. Conventional traffic lights use three sets of LED lights with each set of red, yellow and green lights. Along with the development of technology, a Bicolor LED lamp was created which has two basic colors, namely red and green. With these conditions, the author is interested in developing a traffic light system with a one-package light system using Bicolor LED lights using an Arduino UNO R3 mockup. One Bicolor LED used will have red, yellow, and green colors. In this development it is expected to produce a system that is cheaper in manufacture and operation.

A Comprehensive Review on Big Data for Industries: Challenges and Opportunities

Technological advancements in large industries like power, minerals, and manufacturing are generating massive data every second. Big data techniques have opened up numerous opportunities to utilize massive datasets in several effective ways to improve the efficacy of related industries. This paper presents a review of big data technologies used in the power, mineral, and manufacturing industries for various purposes. We analyze the meta-data of the collected papers before reviewing and selecting papers by applying selection criteria and paper quality assessment strategy. Then we propose a taxonomy of big data application areas in the power, mineral, and manufacturing industries. We have studied current big data architectures and techniques implemented in industry sectors and have uncovered the big data research gaps in industry sectors. To address the gaps, we point out some relevant research questions and, to answer the questions, we make some future research recommendations that might explore interesting research ideas for building a big data-driven industry. As the careful use of big data benefits every other industry sector; hence, supportive big data frameworks need to be developed to speed up the big data analysis process. Proper multi-dimensional big data assessment is also needed to take into account for serving effective data analysis tasks. Industry automation is also heavily influenced by the proper utilization of big data. While an intelligent agent can make many processes and heavy production loads in the manufacturing industry, it can work in a risky environment such as mines efficiently. To train agents for working in a specific environment big data can be used.