Bidimensional Diagram Research Articles

Computational Analysis of the Tripartite Interaction of Phasins (PhaP4 and 5)-Sigma Factor (σ24)-DNA of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7.

Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 produces PHB, which is covered by granule-associated proteins (GAPs). Phasins are the main GAPs. Previous studies have shown phasins can regulate PHB synthesis. When A. brasilense grows under stress conditions, it uses sigma factors to transcribe genes for survival. One of these factors is the σ24 factor. This study determined the possible interaction between phasins and the σ24 factor or phasin-σ24 factor complex and DNA. Three-dimensional structures of phasins and σ24 factor structures were predicted using the I-TASSER and SWISS-Model servers, respectively. Subsequently, a molecular docking between phasins and the σ24 factor was performed using the ClusPro 2.0 server, followed by molecular docking between protein complexes and DNA using the HDOCK server. Evaluation of the types of ligand-receptor interactions was performed using the BIOVIA Discovery Visualizer for three-dimensional diagrams, as well as the LigPlot server to obtain bi-dimensional diagrams. The results showed the phasins (Pha4Abs7 or Pha5Abs7)-σ24 factor complex was bound near the -35 box of the promoter region of the phaC gene. However, in the individual interaction of PhaP5Abs7 and the σ24 factor, with DNA, both proteins were bound to the -35 box. This did not occur with PhaP4Abs7, which was bound to the -10 box. This change could affect the transcription level of the phaC gene and possibly affect PHB synthesis.

Bar Code: A Visual Representation for Finite Sets of Terms and Its Applications

The Bar Code is a bidimensional diagram representing a finite set of terms in any number of variables. In particular, one can represent the (lexicographical) Groebner escalier of a zerodimensional monomial ideal and use this representation to desume many of its properties. The aim of this paper is to give a general description of the Bar Code and it construction, giving then an overview of all the applications studied so far.

Bar code for monomial ideals

The aim of this paper is to count 0-dimensional stable and strongly stable ideals in 2 and 3 variables, given their (constant) affine Hilbert polynomial p, by means of a bijection between these ideals and some integer partitions of p, which can be counted via determinantal formulas. This will be achieved by the Bar Code, a bidimensional diagram that allows to represent any finite set of terms M and desume many properties of the corresponding monomial ideal I, if M is an order ideal.

A proteomic Ramachandran plot (PRplot)

Each protein structure can be characterized by the average values of the main chain torsion angles ϕ and ψ and, as a consequence, be plotted on a bidimensional diagram, which resembles the Ramachandran plot. Here, we describe a proteomic ϕ-ψ plot (PRplot) where each protein structure is associated with one point, allowing in this way to represent the entire protein structure universe. It was verified that the PRplot is a robust tool since it does not depend on the dimension of the proteins, on the crystallographic resolution of the structures, nor on the biological source; moreover, it is little affected by disordered and structurally uncharacterized residues. The proteins mapped on the PRplot tend to cluster in three regions that correspond to the structures rich in alpha-helices, in beta-strands, and in both helices and strands, and are distributed along a sigmoidal curve that connect these three highly populated regions. PRplots are a unique instrument to project all protein structures on a single bidimensional plane where the entire structural complexity is reduced to a striking simplicity, with the sigmoid curve clearly delineating the space fraction accessible to a stable protein.

Possibility of Use of Romanian Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) Local Landraces in Breeding Process

For breeding new varieties, local germoplasm can constitute a gene reservoir that is still unused. The study concerned 29 local populations collected from the counties of Timis, Arad, Bihor, which were compared with Cristalvariety. The main morphological characters, components of production capacity, concerning variability and existing correlations, were followed. 4 populations with significantly bigger fruits than the control varieties, were observed. Compared with Cristalvariety, three populations have a very significantly bigger number of fruit per plant: Satchinez, Siria, Girisu de Cris. The yield of fruit per plant is superior for many of the collection population: Satchinez ,Temeresti I, Siria, Girisude Cris, Fizis, Tomnatic and Vinga. The study indicate positive correlation between fruit weight/plant and fruits diameter and weight. However, about 80% of the fruit diameter variability is due to the influence of other characters. The correlation between fruit diameter and fruit weight/plant is not significant. Depending of the path coefficients, it was found that the number of fruit per plant shows a very tight correlation with fruit yield, and that there are considerable indirect influence on the correlation between fruit production and fruit diameter, fruit weight respectively. The established dendrogram shows that there is an obvious diversity between the populations that were collected from the same locality. Bidimensional diagram shows that Temeresti I and Fizis populations have the fruits of the highest length, diameter and weight, and Satchinez, Siria, Girisu de Cris populations have the highest number of fruits and the highest weight of fruit per plant.

Genetic Structure of the Wild Boar (<em>Sus scrofa L.</em>) Population in Portugal

The main objective of this study was the assessment of the genetic structure and level of variability in the Portuguese wild boar population. A total of 65 wild boar blood samples were collected all over the continental territory, during 2002/03 and 2003/04 hunting seasons. A set of six microsatellite markers, developed for domestic pig, was used. Loci SW986 and SW828 presented a small number of alleles for the Portuguese population, whereas other l o c i, like SW1701 and SW1517, presented a high degree of polymorphism. From the six analysed l o c i, four presented significant deviation from Hardy-We i n b e rg equilibrium conditions, suggesting the existence of genetic structure in the population. Samples were divided into North, Centre and South groups according to the position of wild boar capture location in relation to rivers Douro and Tejo. All the FST estimates were statistically significant and the highest FST value was 0.08 (P<0.001), referring to the distance between Northern and Central groups. FCA analysis was also performed. The resulting bi-dimensional diagram suggests structuring of the Portuguese wild boar population.

Analyse de la liquéfaction et du comportement non drainé des sables du delta de Kenamu (Projet ADFEX)

Jointly sponsored by France, Norway, and Canada, the ADFEX project (Artic Delta Failure Experiment) aims at triggering a full-scale submarine slide. For that purpose, a delta is destabilized by blasting to induce instantaneous liquefaction of the delta front. The selected site is the delta of Kenamu River at Melville Lake (Labrador), located approximately 40 km northeast of Goose Bay. The delta sediments are angular fine silty sands constituted mainly of quartz. A series of consolidated isotropically and undrained triaxial tests was performed on specimens of reconstituted loose sands to establish the boundaries between the contracting and dilating behaviours (steady state line or F line) and the upper and lower limits of the boundaries within the bidimensional diagram void ratio – mean effective stress. A soil state above this boundary region constitutes a necessary condition to liquefaction. The results of the triaxial tests are used to evaluate the liquefaction potential of Kenamu delta. Key words : liquefaction, sand, steady state, triaxial test, undrained, delta.

Underwater imaging by laser: polarization labelling

In underwater optical imaging by laser the authors have tested the efficiency of polarization labelling for discrimination and identification of immersed targets. Range-gating techniques have been used; the light source was a pulsed Nd-YAG laser emitting at lambda =532 nm and the imaging detectors either a gated digital camera (for global imaging) or a photomultiplier associated with a transient analyser (for scanning imaging). These systems are able to eliminate the signal backscattered by the medium and so to separate the polarization transformation produced by the target from that of the scattering particles of sea-water. For a scanning imaging system, Mueller matrix coefficients can be calculated to get a depolarization criterion for different materials: associated with intensities values this parameter can, for example, contribute to classify different targets in bidimensional diagrams.

Morphometry and morphology of Crocidura Wagler 1832 (Mammalia, Soricidae) in Italy, Sardinia and Sicily, with Fourier descriptors approach: first results / Morfometria e morfologia di Crocidura Wagler 1832 (Mammalia, Soricidae) in Italia, Sardegna e Sicilia, con il metodo dei descrittori di Fourier: primi dati

Abstract A through Fourier descriptors was performed on left mandibles of Crocidura obtained by Barn Owl pellets from peninsular Italy (Emilia and Liguria districts), Sardinia and Sicily. Thanks to some classical (morphometrical mono- and bidimensional diagrams, morphological analysis) and to biogeographical and genetical evidences, the samples of Sardinia, the smaller specimens of Liguria and Emilia and the bigger ones of Emilia were respectively classified, as a working hypothesis, as C. russula , C. suaveolens and C. leucodon . The misclassification rate essay was very low, confirming the reliability of the discrimination rule employed. The sicilian samples, showing an unimodal pattern with respect to all the classical morphometrical characters examined, were then tested against the descriptors of C. russula , C. suaveolens and C. leucodon . The specimens were assigned to all the above with a quite even distribution. On the other hand, the hypothesis of equality of two mean vectors for sicilian samples with C. russula or C. suaveolens or C. leucodon , tested by Hotelling's T² test, was rejected at 1% significance level. Owing to the fact that the above results seemed quite unexpected in the light of overall bio- geographical knowledges on Crocidura , the shape analysis procedure was repeated, by adding a new species for the sicilian samples. The misclassification rate essay was very encouraging in the sense of the presence, in Sicily, of a morphological species, differing from C. russula , C. suaveolens and C. leucodon , possibly to be referred to C. sicula Miller 1901. The euristic value of such up to now first results is discussed. Riassunto L'analisi della forma e l'analisi morfometrica di esemplari di Crocidura sp. pl. conducono a considerare probabile la presenza, in Sicilia, di una forma differente da C. russula , C. suaveolens , C. leucodon , la cui possibile coincidenza con C. sicula Miller 1901, e comunque ancora da discutere. Circa la Liguria occidentale e stata confermata la presenza di C. suaveolens . In Sardegna, si conferma la presenza di una specie, da riferire a C. russula . In Emilia, viene avallata l'ipotesi della presenza di due specie: C. leucodon e C. suaveolens .

Polarization in spectral lines

A classification scheme is suggested for solar polarimetric observations in spectral lines originating both from magnetic and non-magnetic regions. A bidimensional diagram is introduced with an indicator of the magnetic field strength on its vertical axis and an indicator of the radiation field anisotropy on its horizontal axis. The diagram proves to be particularly suitable to sort out the relevant physical mechanisms playing an important role in the generation and transfer of polarized radiation for each single observation.