Two approaches to ordering in condensed phases are discussed. First, a simple mean-field theory of orientational ordering, used to predict the possible existence of solid phases with icosahedral order, is extended to treat orientational ordering of phases with local hcp (hexagonally closed packed) and cubic symmetry. Connection is made with theories of biaxial ordering in liquid crystals. The adequacy of mean-field theory is discussed. Secondly, the density functional theory of “quasicrystals” is reviewed briefly. This theory has no adjustable or unknown parameters. Explicit formulae are presented for the stability of the orientationally ordered phase, its density, and the entropy change on formation. All of these quantities are shown to be determined, to first order in thermodynamic perturbation theory, by the structure factor of the corresponding liquid phase.