Bias-corrected Method Research Articles

The chain-mediating effects of negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance on exercise anxiety in college students

PurposeThe present study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance in the association between endurance exercise and exercise anxiety among university students.MethodIn this study, a questionnaire method was employed to conduct the Adolescent Athlete Non-Intellectual Factors Survey Scale on 1,200 college students. From this sample, 287 individuals with exercise anxiety were identified through an endurance exercise test and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) subsequently administered as well as The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Subsequently, statistical analyses including correlation, regression, and mediation were performed using SPSS26 as the analytical tool. Additionally, the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to test for the mediating effects and estimate the confidence intervals with 5,000 iterations, and the confidence interval (CI) was set at 95%. Finally, in AMOS24, a mediating construct was established by incorporating exercise anxiety as the dependent variable, endurance exercise behavior as the independent variable, and negative physical sensations and experiential avoidance as the mediating variables (R = 0.619, R2 = 0.384). A path analytic procedure was employed to test the hypotheses while percentile bootstrap analysis was conducted to examine the indirect effects.ResultsThe results show that endurance exercise negatively predicts negative physical sensations (β = −0.48, p < 0.001), negative physical sensation positively predicts experiential avoidance (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and exercise anxiety (β = 0.40, p < 0.001), and experiential avoidance positively predicts exercise anxiety (β = 0.26, p < 0.001).ConclusionThere were significant correlations among endurance exercise, negative physical sensation, experiential avoidance and exercise anxiety. Endurance exercise affects exercise anxiety through two ways: (1) endurance exercise → negative physical sensation → exercise anxiety; (2) endurance exercise → negative physical sensation → experiential avoidance → exercise anxiety. Negative physical sensations and experiential avoidance play mediating and chain-mediating roles between endurance exercise and exercise anxiety.

The influence of self-efficacy on social adaptability among college students: The mediating role of psychological resilience

Against the backdrop of rapid social development, given the importance of good social adaptability for individuals' careers and daily lives, the purposed of this study is to explore the influence of self-efficacy of vocational college students on social adaptability. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 940 vocational college students in China using the Self-Efficacy Scale, Social Adaptability Scale, and Psychological Resilience Scale to obtain valid samples. SPSS and AMOS are used to further explore the explanatory and predictive relationships between variables. A mediation effect is proposed to establish a structural model, and the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method is used to conduct an empirical test on the constructed model. The research results show that the self-efficacy of vocational college students in China has a significant positive impact on social adaptability. Moreover, psychological resilience plays a mediating role in the influence of self-efficacy on social adaptability. Based on these results, schools can promote the improvement of students' social adaptability by cultivating their self-efficacy. Through targeted mental health education and training, students' self-efficacy and psychological resilience can be enhanced, thereby improving social adaptability and enabling them to better cope with academic pressure and life challenges and adapt to vocational and social lives.

Surface water monitoring from 1984 to 2021 based on Landsat time-series images and Google Earth Engine

Dynamic monitoring of surface water bodies is essential for understanding global climate change and the impact of human activities on water resources. Satellite remote sensing is characterized by large-scale monitoring, timely updates, and simplicity, and it has become an important means of obtaining the distribution of surface water bodies. This study is based on a long time-series Landsat satellite images and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, focusing on Anhui Province in China, and proposes a method for extracting surface water that combines water indices, Bias-Corrected Fuzzy Clustering Method (BCFCM), and OTSU threshold segmentation. The spatial distribution of surface water in Anhui Province was obtained from 1984 to 2021, and further analysis was conducted on the spatiotemporal characteristics of surface water in each city and three major river basins within the province. The results indicated that the overall accuracy of water extraction in this study was 94.06 %. Surface water in Anhui was most abundant in 1998 and least in 2001, with more distribution in the south than in the north. Northern Anhui is dominated by rivers, while southern Anhui has more lakes. Permanent surface water with an inundation frequency of above 75 % covered approximately 4341 km2, accounting for 32.03 % of the total water, while seasonal water with an inundation frequency between 5 % and 75 % covered about 6661 km2, accounting for 49.15 % of the total water, others were considered temporary surface water. By comparing our results with the global annual surface water released by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), we found that our study performed better in extracting lakes and rivers in terms of completeness, but the extraction results for aquaculture areas were slightly less than the JRC dataset. Overall, the long-term surface water dataset established in this study can effectively supplement the existing datasets and provide important references for regional water resource investigation, management, as well as flood monitoring.

How the perfectionistic climate of a sports team predicts the athletic performance of elite athletes: a case study of the CUBAL women's basketball team.

In competitive sports, understanding how the perfectionistic climate within teams influences the performance of elite female athletes can provide valuable insights for enhancing coaching practice and athletic achievement. Based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this study constructs a dual-path model using stressors and coping strategies as mediators, referred to as the Perfectionistic Climate on Athletic Performance model (PCPM). The study explores the predictive role of the perfectionistic climate within sports teams on the athletic performance of elite female basketball players. The empirical study the relationships among the variables in the model using a sample of 125 core players from the top-level women's basketball teams in the 24th CUBAL24 tournament in 2022. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was conducted using AMOS 20.0, primarily employing the bias-corrected Bootstrap method to test the dual-path model. The findings reveal double-edged paths towards a perfectionistic climate on athletic performance. In the positive pathway, a perfectionistic climate can positively predict athletic performance through challenge-related sources of stress and positive coping strategies. In the negative pathway, a perfectionistic climate can negatively predict athletic performance through threat-related sources of stress and negative coping strategies. Coaches need to pay attention to athletes' cognitive evaluations of the perfectionistic climate as a source of pressure. By setting challenging goals, coaches can guide athletes to view the perfectionistic climate of the sports team as a source of challenging pressure, thus unleashing their potential. Coaches should actively guide athletes in coping with the pressure brought about by the perfectionistic climate, enhancing their ability to handle stress. This will enable athletes to better adapt to the team's perfectionistic climate and further improve individual and team athletic performance.

Bias-corrected imputation method for non-ignorable nonresponse with heteroscedasticity in super-population model

Bias-corrected imputation method for non-ignorable nonresponse with heteroscedasticity in super-population model

Bias-Correction Methods for the Unit Exponential Distribution and Applications

The bias of the maximum likelihood estimator can cause a considerable estimation error if the sample size is small. To reduce the bias of the maximum likelihood estimator under the small sample situation, the maximum likelihood and parametric bootstrap bias-correction methods are proposed in this study to obtain more reliable maximum likelihood estimators of the unit exponential distribution parameters. The procedure to implement the bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimation method is derived analytically, and the steps to obtain the bias-corrected bootstrap estimators are presented. The simulation results show that the proposed maximum likelihood bootstrap bias-correction method can significantly reduce the bias and mean squared error of the maximum likelihood estimators for most of the parameter combinations in the simulation study. A soil moisture data set and a numerical example are used for illustration.

The relationship between young college students' recognition of national COVID-19 crisis governance capabilities and the improvement of national identity: the mediating role of online participation in public health critical events.

Improving the young college students' national identity is crucial for ensuring social stability and fostering development during public health critical events such as COVID-19. Young college students' recognition of national COVID-19 crisis governance capabilities can influence their national identity, and online participation in public health criticalevents may serve as a crucial role in shaping this intricate relationship. To investigate this possibility, the present study established an intermediary model to examine the impact of online participation in public health critical events on young college students' recognition of national COVID-19 crisis governance capabilities and improvement of national identity. This cross-sectional survey study employed a convenience sampling method to investigate a total of 3041 young college students in China. The correlations between study variables were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. The mediation model was established using PROCESS Model 4 with 5000 bootstrap samples in SPSS. The bias-corrected bootstrap method provided statistical efficacy and identification interval estimation. Young college students' recognition of national COVID-19 crisis governance capabilities (r=0.729, P<0.001) and online participation in public health critical events (r=0.609, P<0.001) were positively correlated with improvement of their national identity. The relationship between these two factors was partially mediated by online participation in public health critical events (Indirect effect estimate=0.196, P<0.001). Online participation in public health critical events played a mediating role in the association between college students' recognition of national COVID-19 crisis governance capabilities and the improvement of national identity. Our findings provide a novel intervention strategy for improving college students' national identity, which is to encourage their online participation in public health critical events.

Semiparametric and multiplicative bias correction techniques for second-order discrete kernels

In this article, we propose to estimate the probability mass function (pmf) of a discrete supported random variable by a semiparametric bias corrected method using discrete associated kernels. This method consists in applying a two-stage multiplicative bias correction (MBC) approach for the initial parametric model in order to improve the accuracy of the estimator measured in terms of the vanishing bias. Various properties of the resulting semiparametric MBC discrete associated kernel estimator are provided (bias, variance, and mean integrated squared error). The common cross-validation technique and the Kullback–Leibler divergence are adapted for bandwidth selection. Monte Carlo simulations and a real-data application for count data illustrate the performance of the semiparametric-MBC estimator.

Poor Sleep Quality Contributes to Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Adults with Adverse Childhood Experiences

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent severe psychosocial stressors during the first 18 years of life that promote a dose-dependent, lifetime increase in cardiovascular disease risk. ACEs have been associated with impaired vascular endothelial function and poor sleep quality in young adults. However, whether poor sleep quality influences the association between ACEs and vascular endothelial function is unclear. We hypothesized that sleep quality would mediate the association of ACE exposure with impaired vascular function. Purpose: To examine the contribution of sleep quality to ACEs-related impairments in vascular endothelial function in young adults. Methods: We used a cross-sectional cohort study (Study 1) and a single-arm intervention (Study 2) to test our hypothesis. Sleep quality was characterized as sleep effciency (SE%) and calculated as total sleep duration relative to time-in-bed. Vascular endothelial function was assessed using the brachial artery flow mediated dilation technique (FMD). In Study 1, we examined the mediation effect of SE% in the association of ACE exposure with FMD in a cohort of young adults (n=56; age = 25 ± 5 y, BMI = 26 ± 5 kg/m2) using the bootstrapped (1,000 replications) bias-corrected percentile confidence interval method adjusted for sex, and depression and anxiety symptomology. The variance accounted for (VAF) was calculated as the ratio of the indirect effect to total effect β-coeffcients. In Study 2, with a separate sample (n=12; age = 21 ± 2 y, BMI = 23 ± 4 kg/m2) of young adults with high ACE exposure (5 ± 2 ACEs) and poor sleep quality (SE ≤ 90%), we manipulated SE% using 6-weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) and measured FMD before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention. Change in weekly SE% from daily consensus sleep diary entries was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparisons. PRE to POST change in FMD was analyzed with a paired samples t-test. The association between the change (Δ; POST-PRE) in SE% and FMD was examined using a Spearman’s correlation coeffcient (ρ). Results: In Study 1, SE% significantly, partially mediated the association between ACE exposure and FMD (indirect effect standardized β-estimate = -0.11 [95% CI = -0.29 – -0.02]; VAF = 27.4%). In Study 2, there was a treatment effect of CBTi on SE% ( p &lt; 0.001) where SE% improved from baseline to weeks 3, 4, 5, and 6 (weekly improvement range = 8.8 – 10.1%; all p ≤ 0.002). FMD increased PRE to POST (2.85 ± 0.58 to 3.65 ± 1.0 %/SR AUC·104; p = 0.017). There was a moderate, non-significant association between ΔSE% and ΔFMD (ρ = 0.46, p = 0.13). Conclusions: Our findings provide initial evidence that poor sleep quality may contribute to the previously described impairment in vascular endothelial dysfunction observed with increasing ACE exposure in young adults. Funding provided by a grant from the Injury Prevention Research Center through the CDC (R49 CE003095; NDMJ). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Evaluation of the Effect of Parental Participation on Chinese Adolescent Behavioral Development Through the Mediating Effect of Peers: A Moderated Mediation Model.

With the rapid changes in the social environment, adolescents are facing increasing academic pressure and challenges to their physical and mental development in the socialization process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence mechanisms of parental participation on adolescent behavioral development (learning persistence, expressive language ability and knowledge absorption ability), revealing the mediation role of adolescent positive and negative peer interactions between parental participation and behavioral development, and whether differences in parents and children's educational expectations moderate this process. This study was measured using the Parental Participation Questionnaire, Peer Interaction Questionnaire, Behavioral Development Scale, and Educational Expectancy Gap from the China Education Panel Survey. A total of 7730 seventh-grade students and their parents were invited to participate, to establish a moderated mediation model, and the significance of the mediation effect was tested using the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method. (1) High frequent parental participation has a significant positive effect on adolescent behavioral development, including behavioral participation, emotional participation, and educational participation all exerting varying degrees of positive influence, as well as positively influencing adolescents' peer interactions. (2) Positive and negative peer interactions play the mediation role of 12.3% and 2.5% respectively in the process of parental participation affecting adolescent behavioral development. (3) Comparing "educational expectation gap - equal", the "educational expectation gap - high" negatively moderates the effect of parental participation on adolescent behavioral development and positive peer interaction (inhibitory effect), the "educational expectation gap - low" positively moderates the effect of parental participation on negative peer interaction (facilitation effect), which meant that the "educational expectation gap - equal" between parents and children is a more desirable state. These findings provide empirical support and effective operational suggestions to further promote positive adolescent behavioral development. Particularly for developing countries, it is recognized that positive parental participation and peer interaction, as well as equal educational expectation of parents and children, are protective factors for adolescent development.

The association between physical exercise behavior and psychological resilience of teenagers: an examination of the chain mediating effect

The health of young people is crucial for the future and development of a nation. It is the collective responsibility and imperative mission of society to ensure the holistic well-being, both physically and mentally, of young individuals. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly comprehend the factors that influence their health in order to expedite the exploration of effective solutions. The objective of this study is to comprehend the mechanisms that underlie the correlation between physical exercise behavior and psychological resilience among teenagers, while also examining the mediating role played by social sensitivity and need to belong. So put forward the hypothesis: (1) physical exercise behavior can positively predict the psychological resilience. (2) Social sensitivity and need to belong plays a mediating role between physical exercise behavior and psychological resilience. (3) Social sensitivity and need to belong plays a chain mediating role between physical exercise behavior and psychological resilience. Using the cluster sampling method, a total of 1106 students (with an average age of 15.7 and a standard deviation of 0.598) who met the requirements were surveyed from Shandong Province in China. Standard scales were utilized to assess Physical Exercise Behavior, Psychological Resilience, Social Sensitivity, and Need to Belong. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method were sequentially conducted. (1) The present study did not find any significant methodological bias, and the observed correlations between physical exercise behavior, psychological resilience, social sensitivity, and need to belong were all statistically significant; (2) Based on the self-determination theory, this study elucidates the relationship between physical exercise behavior and psychological resilience among teenagers. The findings indicate that physical exercise behavior positively predicts the need to belong and psychological resilience, while negatively predicting social sensitivity. Similarly, social sensitivity negatively predicts the need to belong and psychological resilience. Moreover, the need to belong directly and positively predicts psychological resilience. Importantly, all hypotheses proposed in this paper were empirically supported. (3) The indirect effect of the path mediated by social sensitivity is 0.009, while the indirect effect of the path mediated by need to belong is 0.033. Additionally, the combined indirect effect of both social sensitivity and need to belong as mediating variables is 0.014. (4) The cumulative sum of all these indirect effects amounts to 0.056. Based on the self-determination theory, we propose a chain mediation model, specially, physical exercise behavior can significantly positively predict psychological resilience, among which, social sensitivity and need to belong play a significant mediating role between Physical exercise behavior and psychological resilience. In addition, the adoption of good physical exercise behavior can enhance the psychological resilience of adolescents by diminishing social sensitivity and augmenting the need to belong.

How work stress influence turnover intention among Chinese local undergraduate university teachers: the mediating effect of job burnout and the moderating effect of self-efficacy.

Turnover intention is one of the common disturbances that affect the career development and management of university teachers. With an aim to solve this thorny issue, the study examined the associations between turnover intention and work stress among local undergraduate university teachers in China. A questionnaire survey was carried out on 7,565 local university teachers. Initially, confirmatory factor analysis was employed to validate the reliability and validity of the scale. Subsequently, descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were conducted. Following this, a latent moderated structural equation (LMS) was used to explore the relationship among work stress, job burnout, self-efficacy, and turnover intention. Moreover, the bias-corrected Bootstrap method was applied to further examine the mediating effects, moderating effects, and moderated mediating effects in the model. The hypothesized moderated mediation model was verified significant. Work stress directly and positively predicted job burnout and turnover intention, with job burnout serving a partial mediating role between work stress and turnover intention. Additionally, self-efficacy negatively moderated the direct impact of work stress on job burnout, as well as the mediating effect of job burnout. As the self-efficacy of university teachers increased, the direct effect of work stress on job burnout and the mediating effect of job burnout decreased. This study expanded the research on the antecedent variables of university teachers' turnover intention and revealed the individual contingency mechanism by which work stress affected turnover intention: the negative moderating effect of self-efficacy. Work stress induced university teachers' turnover intention, and this phenomenon was more obvious for faculties with low self-efficacy. Administrators of local undergraduate universities need to rationalize the allocation of teachers' job responsibilities and pay attention to the negative consequences of work stress in order to reduce turnover intentions. Particular attention should be paid to enhance teachers' self-efficacy. The findings of this study can provide in-depth recommendations for university faculty management and policy making, which can help shape a working atmosphere more conducive to teaching and research, thus enhancing the overall quality and competitiveness of faculty members within universities.

Pathways linking health literacy to self-care in diabetic patients with physical disabilities: A moderated mediation model.

Health literacy is widely considered to be a determinant of self-care behavior in people with diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying how health literacy is linked to self-care behaviors have not been clearly elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore the mediating roles of access to healthcare, provider-patient interaction, motivation, self-efficacy in the effect of health literacy on diabetes self-care behaviors among diabetic patients with physical disabilities and investigate the moderating effect of age in a moderated mediation model. The online survey was participated by a total of 214 diabetic patients with physical disabilities from November to December 2021. The moderated mediation analysis was examined using the Hayes' PROCESS macro modeling tool based on the bias-corrected bootstrapping method. After controlling for education, the results yielded a significant indirect effect of health literacy on diabetes self-care through motivation and self-efficacy. A partially mediating relationship also was confirmed, as there is a positive direct effect of health literacy on diabetes self-care. Furthermore, age groups (i.e., age <40 and ≥ 40) functioned as a moderator of the mediating effects of motivation and self-efficacy between health literacy and diabetes self-care. This study emphasized the important role of motivation and self-efficacy which play in linking health literacy and self-care behavior, especially for younger diabetic patients with physical disabilities. In the light of these findings, a health-literacy tailored motivation and self-efficacy enhancing program may be key targets for interventions promoting diabetes self-care behaviors in people with physical disabilities.

Social networks and travel intention: the impact of travel content to consumption, social comparison and envy

PurposeThis study aims to explore the connection between travel content consumption in social networks and social comparison, envy as well as travel intention. It analyzes whether tourists’ travel intention is affected by travel content consumption in social networks, and more importantly, whether social comparison and envy play a mediating role in this process.Design/methodology/approachData was collected through intercept in four popular tourist spots in Guangzhou and Zhuhai in South China. A self-administered questionnaire was used. A total of 400 participants were recruited, and 291 valid questionnaires were obtained. Bias-corrected nonparametric percentile bootstrap mediation variable test method was used to test hypotheses.FindingsThe study yielded three results. First, travel content consumption in the social networks positively influences travel intention. Second, travel content consumption in social networks indirectly affects travel intention through social comparison and envy. Third, the control variables, such as gender, age, education and income, mainly affect envy.Originality/valueThis study constructs a theoretical framework of stimulus–cognitive appraisal–emotion–behavioral responses. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first study to reveal that the internal psychological mechanism of travel content consumption affects travel intention. It also discloses that envy of seemingly negative emotions can encourage positive behaviors in certain situations.

Orthogonality-based bias-corrected empirical likelihood inference for partial linear varying coefficient EV models with longitudinal data

In this paper, we study the model estimation for the partial linear varying coefficient errors-in-variables (EV) models with longitudinal data. Based on the empirical likelihood and quadratic inference functions, we propose an orthogonality-based bias-corrected empirical likelihood estimation method using the QR decomposition method of matrix. The proposed method can handle the measurement errors of covariates and unknown within-subject correlation simultaneously, estimate the parametric and nonparametric components separately. Under some regularity conditions, the resulting estimator of the parametric component is asymptotic normal and the estimators of the nonparametric varying coefficients achieve the optimal convergence rate. Furthermore, we conduct simulation studies and a real data analysis to compare the performance of the proposed method with existing methods in finite samples. The results show that the feasibility of the proposed method is obvious.

A study on the effect of school and family environments and self-efficacy on health literacy of college students.

Health literacy is an important means to improve health outcomes and reduce health disparities. It plays an important role in promoting multiple health-related behaviors of individuals. Numerous studies have demonstrated a number of sociodemographic and school characteristics, and family related factors were related to health literacy among college students. However, these characteristics and factors were relatively unchangeable. Research on the relationship between factors, that can be intervened, and health literacy remains scarce. This study aims to explore the association between personal and changeable environmental factors, and the level of health literacy in college students. A cross-sectional study, which used a stratified random sampling method, was conducted at a university in Wuhan (N = 447). The survey questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, the School Environment Questionnaire, the Family Environment Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale Questionnaire, and the Health Literacy Questionnaire. We used Spearman correlation tests, and Student's tests or analyses of variance to describe the relationship among continuous variables. In addition, we employed linear regression analysis to test the mediating effect based on the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method. Factors related to socioeconomic status, such as living costs (p = 0.011), residential area (p = 0.003), annual household income (p = 0.001), and parents' education level (fathers: p = 0.001; mothers: p = 0.01) and occupation type (fathers: p < 0.001; mothers: p = 0.044), had close correlations with health literacy. School and family environments and self-efficacy had a positive impact on college students' health literacy (β = 0.235, p < 0.001; β = 0.323, p < 0.001; β = 0.489, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy had a mediating effect on the relationship between school and family environments, as well as health literacy. The total, direct, and indirect effects of the school environment on health literacy were 0.235, 0.157, and 0.078, respectively. The total, direct, and indirect effects of the family environment on health literacy were 0.323, 0.189, and 0.134, respectively. This study confirms that improving school and family environments could directly or indirectly increase college students' health literacy through promoting their self-efficacy. Socioeconomic status has a significant impact on their health literacy. Moreover, other factors that affect students' health literacy and relationships among self-efficacy, surrounding environments, and health literacy may need to be explored in the future.

Impact of academic involution atmosphere on college students' mental exhaustion: A chain mediation model

With the increasing intensity of social competition and the continuous changes in the educational environment, the phenomenon of academic involution in colleges and universities has become increasingly serious, and the problem of mental exhaustion among college students has become increasingly prominent. A convenient sampling method was used to survey 1150 college students in China. The structural equation model (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships among the variables. Specifically, this study constructed a model with academic involution atmosphere as the independent variable, mental exhaustion as the dependent variable, and relative deprivation and perception of academic pressure as mediators. The bias-corrected bootstrap method was used to test the significance of the mediation effects. This study elucidates the mechanisms through which the academic involution atmosphere influences college students' mental wellbeing, uncovering its origins and pathways. These insights offer valuable guidance for educators in implementing targeted and effective mental health interventions.

Bias correction based on AR model in spurious regression

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;p&gt;The regression of mutually independent time series, whether stationary or non-stationary, will result in autocorrelation in the random error term. This leads to the over-rejection of the null hypothesis in the conventional t-test, causing spurious regression. We propose a new method to reduce spurious regression by applying the Cochrane-Orutt feasible generalized least squares method based on a bias-corrected method for a first-order autoregressive model in finite samples. This method eliminates the requirements for a kernel function and bandwidth selection, making it simpler to implement than the traditional heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent method. A series of Monte Carlo simulations indicate that our method can decrease the probability of spurious regression among stationary, non-stationary, or trend-stationary series within a sample size of 10–50. We applied this proposed method to the actual data studied by Yule in 1926, and found that it can significantly minimize spurious regression. Thus, we deduce that there is no significant regressive relationship between the proportion of marriages in the Church of England and the mortality rate in England and Wales.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

Group Counseling Self-Management Techniques in Reducing Nomophobia Through Self-Control

Information technology is developing rapidly, especially for smartphone users. Smartphones have become a communication and information tool in everyday life. The activity of using smartphones with excessive intensity can cause various impacts on users, such as nomophobia. Someone who is unable to exercise self-control in using a smartphone or has low self-control will be susceptible to addiction. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of group counseling on self-management techniques to reduce nomophobia by increasing self-control. This research uses a pretest and posttest design. The subjects of this research were 10 people. The sampling used was purposive sampling. Data was collected using self-control and nomophobia questionnaires. Data analysis used mediation analysis with a bootstrap bias-corrected method with a confidential interval of 95% assisted by micro-process software (N=5000). The research results show that there is an effect of group counseling on effective self-management techniques in reducing nomophobia by increasing self-control.

Mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between psychological distress and intimate relationships among stroke patients.

Stroke patients often experience psychological distress, which can impact their intimate relationships with spouses, subsequently influencing their treatment and recovery. Physical activity is considered a key rehabilitation method for stroke patients. This paper aims to analyze whether psychological distress affects intimate relationship between spouses through physical activity. To explore the mediating effect of physical activity between psychological distress and intimate relationship in stroke patients. A total of 256 stroke patients who underwent treatment at the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu between July 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled in this study. The participants completed questionnaires, including the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Quality of Relationship Index (QRI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and a general information questionnaire. Data analysis were performed using SPSS 23.0. The Harman test was employed to detect common method deviations, and Spearman correlation was used for correlation analysis. The mediating effect was assessed using Process 3.4.1, with significance testing of the regression coefficients conducted using the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method (5000 iterations, 95% confidence interval). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The results showed that patients scored an average of 21.61 ± 6.44 points on the K10, 32.40 ± 6.19 points on the QRI; the median physical activity level according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was 1861 (566, 2846) MET·min/w. The level of physical activity (the physical activity intensity of the patients reflected by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form scale) negatively correlated with psychological distress and intimacy (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with each other (P < 0.05), with the correlation stronger at lower physical activity levels compared to higher ones. The mediating effect of physical activity between psychological distress and intimate relationship was calculated to be 40.23%. Bootstrap analysis further validated the results. The mediating effect of psychological distress on intimate relationships through physical activity level was -0.284, with a confidence interval of -0.409 to -0.163, excluding 0, confirming a significant mediating effect of psychological distress on intimate relationships. Physical activity significantly affects relationship between psychological distress and intimate relationships among stroke patients. Addressing the role of physical activity may have implications for improving patient outcomes and rehabilitation strategies.