Beverage Intake Questionnaire Research Articles

Do Mindful Eating and Intuitive Eating Affect Beverage Preferences? A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Intuitive eating involves following body signals to guide eating decisions and avoiding restrictive diets. Mindful eating is paying full attention to sensory experiences and fostering nonjudgmental awareness. We aimed to elucidate potential relationships between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating scores. This cross-sectional exploratory study (October 2021-December 2022) enrolled adult male and female participants who provided sociodemographic and health-related information and subsequently completed the Beverage Intake Questionnaire, the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30), and the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2). Bidirectional relationships were observed between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating scores. The total beverage intake of males was double compared with that of females, with the intake being mainly derived from sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.000). Increased total water intake was positively correlated with IES-2 and its subscale scores and was negatively correlated with MEQ-30 scores in both sexes (p < 0.05). Alcoholic beverage intake was associated with reductions in IES-2 and MEQ-30 scores, whereas unconditional permission to eat increased by 18.3% in males. In females, the consumption of milk-based beverages decreased the IES-2 scores. Understanding the complex relationships between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating may deepen our understanding of individual dietary behaviors and inform dietary interventions.

Prevalence Study of MASLD in Adolescent and Young Adult Pacific Islanders and Asians Living in Hawai'i.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is the most common cause of chronic liver disease with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 30.1% while clinical practice observations reflect a disproportionately lower prevalence of 1.9%, indicating a condition that is underrecognized in clinical care settings. Screening for MASLD is rarely performed, and little is known about the prevalence in Hawai'i. This pilot aims to develop an understanding of the prevalence and factors associated with MASLD in Hawai'i's adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. Cross-sectional observational pilot study: We used Fibroscan®-liver ultrasonographic vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) to identify MASLD based on controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) scores ≥238 (dB/m) and collected biometric, anthropometric, and Beverage Intake Questionnaire (sugar-sweetened beverage) survey data. The study took place at community clinics in Hawai'i on the island of O'ahu. One hundred individuals were evaluated, age 14 to 34 years. We used VCTE Fibroscan® with CAP scoring to identify the presence of hepatocyte steatosis (fatty liver). Overall MASLD prevalence in the sample was 44% (95% confidence interval: 34.1%-54.3%). In participants with MASLD, obese Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (62%) and nonobese Asians (43%) had the highest rates of MASLD. This pilot evaluation of the AYA NHOPI and Asian MASLD population in Hawai'i shows a higher rate of MASLD than those reported in other parts of the United States. Larger population health studies are indicated to expand our knowledge of MASLD in the Hawaiian Islands.

Is the Consumption of Added Sugar from Common Beverages Associated with the Presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Thai Medical Students?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) significantly affects the well-being of medical students in various aspects. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) pose a potential risk of ADHD. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD symptoms and the association between consumption of added sugar in common beverages and ADHD symptoms in Thai medical students. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students at Chiang Mai University from May 2022 to April 2023. The consumption of added sugar from common beverages in Thailand was assessed using the Thai Adolescence Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake (THASSI) questionnaire. An Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) score ≥ 3 identified the presence of ADHD symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was used for the analysis. Of 441 participants, 29.9% had ADHD symptoms. Daily consumption of added sugar from beverages higher than 25 g/day showed an increased risk of ADHD symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95%CI 1.15 to 2.84, p = 0.011). The same trend was observed when using the sex-specific cutoff points (adjusted OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.10 to 2.73, p = 0.018). Higher consumption of added sugar from beverages may increase the risk of ADHD symptoms in Thai medical students. This finding supports the implementation of health policies that promote healthy consumption behaviors among medical students.

Dehydration among the Elderly: A Comparison between Nine Different Clinical and Metabolic Criteria

Background: Dehydration, as a common problem in older adults, plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality. The elderly are more susceptible to dehydration and fluid deficiency due to age-related factors. There is not much literature concerning fluid intake in older adults. This study aims to investigate fluid intake and dehydration prevalence in older people and compare the accuracy of potential markers in the detection of dehydration.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 127 old people (48 males and 79 females) selected from a nursing home in Shiraz, Iran. Socioeconomic status was assessed via interview. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (UC) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and total body water (TBW) were measured. The fluid intakes were recorded using a beverage and fluid intake questionnaire. Total fluid intakes were compared using two fluid intake guidelines (European guidelines and US guidelines) as well. Furthermore, anthropometric indices were measured.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of participants was 73.01± 5.70 year. Fluid intake was 2.32 ± 0.48 liter/day. Based on urine specific gravity (USG) (˃1.020) and SBP (SBP ˂ 100 mmHg), 9.4% and 14.2% of the participants were dehydrated respectively. Among all hydration criteria, ECW had the highest potential for detection which identified 72.4% of participants as dehydrated. Among fluid intake guidelines, US guidelines were the best in dehydration diagnosis (112 individuals out of 127).&#x0D; Conclusions: Although urinary markers and physical indexes (SBP and HR) could not be used to determine hydration status, BIA measurements, especially ECW, have the potential to detect dehydration. In addition, daily fluid intakes are still practical for assessment of hydration status.

Development and assessment of relative validity and reliability of the Workplace Beverage Intake Questionnaire in UK office workers.

There are no beverage measurement tools evaluated for use in UK working-age adults. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel beverage intake questionnaire. A 57-item online tool (Workplace Beverage Intake Questionnaire [WBIQ]) was developed through stakeholder consensus. Relative validity was measured against 7-day food records, and reliability was tested across three time points. Evaluation outcomes of interest were total beverage intake and beverage intake during working hours, intake from seven beverage categories (plain water, sugar sweetened, low/zero calorie, tea, coffee, milk based and 100% fruit based) and energy, caffeine and free sugar intake from beverages. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and validity via correlation analyses and visual assessment of Bland-Altman plots. The evaluation study population comprised office workers (n = 71, 74.6% women, mean age: 32, standard deviation: 8.5 years). The WBIQ had moderate reliability (ICC: 0.50-0.75) across total fluid intake and all beverage categories except milk-based drinks and 100% fruit-based drinks where it was rated poor. Caffeine, free sugar and energy from beverages had poor-to-moderate reliability. Correlation coefficients were large (r > 0.50, p < 0.001) comparing diet records and WBIQ across all categories of beverage except low-/zero-calorie soft drinks (r = 0.34, p < 0.01). Bland-Altman plots showed a similar trend across all variables, with better agreements at lower intake and the absolute difference increasing proportionally at higher intakes. Over 90% of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that the tool was easy to navigate and understand. The WBIQ is the first stage in the development of a tool for UK-specific beverage intake measurement in working-age adults. Further refinement and testing are required to improve reliability.

The 7-day Beverage Intake Questionnaire for Latino Children: Validation of a Culturally Tailored Tool

ObjectiveTo validate a culturally tailored 7-day beverage intake questionnaire for Latino children (BIQ-L). DesignCross-sectional. SettingFederally qualified health center in San Francisco, CA. ParticipantsLatino parents and their children aged 1–5 years (n = 105). Variables MeasuredParents completed the BIQ-L for each child and three 24-hour dietary recalls. Participants’ height and weight were measured. AnalysisCorrelations between the mean intake of beverages in 4 categories as determined by the BIQ-L and three 24-hour dietary recalls were assessed. Multivariable linear regression examined the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) servings as determined by the BIQ-L and child body mass index z-score. ResultsMean daily intake of SSB (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), 100% fruit juice (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), flavored milk (r = 0.7, P < 0.001), and unflavored milk (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) from the BIQ-L were correlated with intake assessed via three 24-hour dietary recalls. In the multivariable model, weekly servings of SSBs were associated with child body mass index z-score (β = 0.15, P = 0.02). Culturally specific beverages comprised 38% of the SSB intake reported on the BIQ-L. Conclusions and ImplicationsThe BIQ-L is a valid tool for assessing beverage intake among Latino children aged 1–5 years. The inclusion of culturally specific beverages is critical for accurately assessing beverage intake among Latino children.

Toileting Behaviors and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Among Female Physicians and Medical Students.

A greater understanding of the relationship between toileting behaviors and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has the potential to generate awareness and improvement of overall bladder health in specific populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and correlation between maladaptive toileting behaviors and LUTS among female medical trainees and attending physicians. We surveyed female medical students, residents, fellows, and attending physicians at an academic hospital, capturing demographics, voiding behaviors, LUTS, and fluid intake using the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Short Form, the Toileting Behavior-Women's Elimination Behaviors, and the Beverage Intake Questionnaire. A total of 146 medical students and physicians participated in the study. Eighty-three percent reported at least 1 LUTS, most commonly storage symptoms, particularly incontinence (30%, stress urinary incontinence > urgency urinary incontinence). Altered toileting behaviors included "worrying about public toilet cleanliness" (82%), "emptying the bladder before leaving home" (81%), "delaying emptying their bladder when busy" (87%), and "waiting until they could not hold urine any longer" (57%). Total Toileting Behavior-Women's Elimination Behaviors scores were significantly associated with total Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms scores (β = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12-0.42; P<0.01). This remained true after adjusting for total fluid intake in medical students (β = 0.41, P<0.01) and resident physicians (β = 0.28, P = 0.03) but was not correlated among attending physicians (β = -0.07, P = 0.77). Female physicians and medical students experience a high prevalence of LUTS. Many engage in maladaptive toileting behaviors, which highly correlate with LUTS (especially among medical students and residents) and may lead to impaired bladder health.

Characterization of Metallic Off-Flavors in Drinking Water: Health, Consumption, and Sensory Perception.

Characterization of taste- and flavor-producing metals, namely iron and copper, in drinking water is a multifaceted subject. Both metals are essential nutrients, can be toxic, and are known to produce unpleasant tastes and flavor sensations in drinking water. Ingestion of trace metal contaminants through drinking water is a probable source of human exposure. Biochemical mechanisms of metallic flavor perception have been previously described; however, less is known about how variations in salivary constituents might impact individuals' sensitivities to metallic flavors and beverage consumption behaviors. This research presents findings from in vitro experiments, using artificial human saliva, to better understand the role of salivary lipids and proteins on metallic flavor production as measured by biomarkers of metal-induced oxidative stress. The results indicate that metal-induced lipid oxidation, as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), is dominated by salivary proteins, is slightly inhibited in the presence of salivary nitrite, and is detectable by the TBARS method at and above respective concentrations of 9 µM (0.5 mg/L) and 90 µM (5 mg/L), which are both above the aesthetic standards for iron (0.3 mg/L) and copper (1.0 mg/L) in drinking water. Preliminary study with human subjects indicated that reduction in metallic flavor sensitivity, as measured by the best estimate flavor threshold for ferrous iron among 33 healthy adults aged 19-84 years old (22 females), corresponded with reduced drinking water consumption and increased caloric beverage intake among older subjects (>60 years), as determined by a validated self-reported beverage intake questionnaire. These findings provide insights for further research to examine how salivary constituents can impact humans' sensory abilities in detecting metallic off-flavors in water, and how reduced metallic flavor sensitivity may influence beverage choices and drinking water consumption.

Patterns of Food Security and Dietary Intake Among Children Across the U.S. Child Tax Credit Expansion

ObjectivesFamilies with lower economic resources are at higher risk for experiencing food insecurity and suboptimal diet quality. During COVID-19, the novel expansion to the U.S. Child Tax Credit (CTC) provided families from lower income backgrounds with unconditional cash assistance ($250–300 per child, each month) from July to December 2021. This additional income has potential to improve food security and diet quality, if spent towards food resources. This study aimed to examine patterns of food insecurity and children’s dietary intake before and during monthly CTC payments. MethodsParents (N = 621) with a child ages 2–10 years who qualified for the full CTC benefit were enrolled. Three online surveys were completed baseline (T0: June 2021) and at two timepoints during (T1: September 2021; T2: December 2021) the CTC expansion. The validated 18-item USDA Food Security Module, NCI Dietary Screening Questionnaire, and Beverage Intake Questionnaire were administered at each timepoint. Repeated measures analysis of variance models will examine changes in dietary intake before and during the CTC expansion. ResultsTo date, data from T0 and T1 have been analyzed. Late-breaking data that include T2 results will be presented at Nutrition 2022. At T1, after receiving 3 monthly payments, 45.9% of parents reported spending CTC funds on foods/beverages. This was the most commonly reported use of CTC funds, particularly for families with very low food security (63.0%). From T0 to T1, families with very low food security decreased (T0: 12.7% vs. T1: 5.6%), while food security increased (T0: 57.4% vs. T1: 66.4%). Children’s consumption of added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sweetened fruit juice decreased over time (qs < .05). No changes were observed in other dietary components (qs > .05). ConclusionsInitial patterns indicate promise that CTC monthly payments are associated with reduced household food insecurity and lower sugar-sweetened beverage intake among children. This line of research can inform legislative decisions regarding the maintenance of this policy mandate, by enhancing understanding of the CTC expansion’s impact on children’s food security and nutritional intake. Funding SourcesChild Health Research Institute at Virginia Commonwealth University and NIH (2T32CA093423) for ELA effort.

Association between Body Mass Index with Sugar-Sweetened and Dairy Beverages Consumption in Children from the Mexico-USA Border.

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with the onset of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to describe consumption patterns of sugar-sweetened and dairy beverages and to evaluate their correlation with the body mass index in children residing at the Mexico–USA border. A total of 722 (370 girls, 352 boys) elementary school children aged 9 to 12 years from Tijuana, Mexico, participated in the study. Anthropometric measures were recorded, and a beverage intake questionnaire was completed by the children’s parents. Significant age by sex interactions were found on body mass index Z-scores (p < 0.01). Boys showed higher sugar intake (p < 0.05) and total relative energy consumption from sugar (p < 0.05) than girls. The energy consumption from sugar-sweetened and dairy beverages was similar between sexes (p > 0.05). Sugar intake from beverages was higher than the limit recommended by the World Health Organization in boys (66%) and girls (44%). A high frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and similar intake of dairy beverages were found in children from the Mexico–USA border. The high consumption of sugar exceeds international recommendations and should be carefully monitored.

Dry Eye Disease Symptoms and Its Association with Daily Beverage Intake Among Adults in Saudi Arabia.

PurposeTo evaluate the association between dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and daily beverage intake among adults in Saudi Arabia.Patients and MethodsIn this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study, we distributed an online questionnaire to men and women older than 18 years living in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire consisted of items related to the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and two validated indices: the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the brief 15-item Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ-15). Participants were excluded if they were aged less than 18 years; wore contact lenses; had existing eye disease (excluding refractive errors), history of eye surgery (including corrective eye surgeries), or autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome); or were currently taking specific medications including antidepressants, antihistamines, and diuretics.ResultsAfter applying the study exclusion criteria, a total of 615 participants were included in the statistical analysis. The majority of participants were 18–34 years old (450, 73.2%), and men (381, 62%) exceeded women (234, 38%) by approximately 1.5-fold. OSDI scores showed that 344 participants (55.9%) had DED symptoms, 145 (23.6%) had mild dry eyes; and 106 (17.2%) and 93 (15.1%) had moderate and severe dry eyes, respectively. There was a significant association between sex and DED symptoms (p = 0.012); the frequency of DED symptoms in women exceeded that in men. However, no significant differences were observed with other demographic data such as age and location of residence. Although beverage intake was moderately correlated to OSDI score (R = 0.27), we found no significant association between beverage intake and DED symptoms.ConclusionThis is the first study to highlight the association between DED symptoms and daily beverage intake. We found a significant association between DED symptoms and female sex. However, no significant association was found between DED symptoms and other demographic characteristics or beverage intake.

Analysis of the health effects of the transition of traditional Chinese food on the emergence of nontraditional eating behaviors

BackgroundTraditional Chinese food has been believed to be closely associated with affecting salubrious health outcomes, enhancing longevity, and interoperating with traditional Chinese medicine. Over the past several decades, traditional Chinese food has been going through significant evolution and qualitative transition of nontraditional eating behaviors. This food transition and eating pattern transformation are propelled by China’s vast population size, rapid socioeconomic development, lifestyle changes, and global influence. Inevitably, these dietary shifts are having a considerable impact not only on public health in China but also globally.PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to examine the socioeconomic and health effects of the shift from consuming traditional Chinese food into increasingly consuming Western-style processed foods, fast foods, saturated fats, snacks, sugary beverages, and eating out more often than the traditional home cooking. This study also investigates the prevalence, health effects, and sociodemographic implications of food transition and adopting Western-style eating patterns.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of primary data collected from 1292 adult male and female participants was performed. Participants responded to a cross-sectional self-administered paper-and-pencil-based food history and beverage intake questionnaire. Chi-square analyses were employed to analyze data obtained from the nonparametric variables, whereas t tests were performed to analyze data obtained from the parametric variables.ResultsThere were significant differences in snack food shopping distributions between gender and marital status factors. Females were more likely to purchase more snacks than males, whereas singles were more likely to purchase more snacks than married. Pooled data suggest that 79.67% of the respondents consumed fast food with wide-ranging frequencies. There were significant differences between water and all other typical drinks, as water recorded the highest consumption rate by 65.31%. There were significant differences between the three meal-eating locations, as 48.45% of the respondents were more likely to consume most of their daily meals at home, whereas, combined, 51.55% were more likely to consume most of their daily meals out-of-home. Baking food scored 77.94% compared with all other food preparation methods. Overall healthy eating behaviors results indicated that 49.67% of the respondents consumed a healthy diet most of the time, whereas combined, 50.33% either consumed a healthy diet sometimes or not at all.ConclusionsTraditional Chinese eating practices have been transitioning into nontraditional eating behaviors that may be associated with a multitude of chronic non-communicable diseases and high mortality rates. As these rates have been projected to continue rising, there is a need to focus on introducing public health promotion policies, including health education and lifestyle-enhancing initiatives aimed at promoting nutritive balance and adopting healthier eating behaviors. These policies can be tailored to support the most affected groups among the lower- and middle-income Chinese, as well as similar populations in developing countries.

Evaluation of Pragmatic Methods to Rapidly Assess Habitual Beverage Intake and Hydration Status in U.S. Collegiate Athletes.

Fluid intake recommendations have been established for the athletic population in order to promote adequate hydration. The Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ-15) is a quick and reliable food frequency questionnaire that quantifies habitual beverage intake, which has been validated in children, adolescents, and adults. However, no validated beverage consumption questionnaire is available for collegiate athletes. Urine color (UC), while feasible for determining hydration status, has not been validated within a variety of collegiate athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the comparative validity and reliability of pragmatic methods to rapidly assess BEVQ-15 and UC rating in U.S. Division I collegiate athletes. Student-athletes (n = 120; 54% females; age 19 ± 1years) from two universities were recruited to complete three study sessions. At the first and third sessions, the participants completed the BEVQ-15 and provided a urine sample to determine UC and urinary specific gravity. All sessions included completion of a 24-hr dietary recall. Total fluid intake (fl oz) was 111 ± 107 and 108 ± 42 using the BEVQ-15 and the mean of three 24-hr dietary recalls, respectively, which was not different between methods (p > .05). There were moderate associations between the BEVQ-15 and dietary recall results for total beverage intake fl oz and kcal(r = .413 and r = 4.65; p ≤ .05, respectively). Strong associations were noted between both researcher-rated and participant-rated UC with urinary specific gravity measures (r = .675 and r = .884; p ≤ .05, respectively). Therefore, these rapid assessment methods demonstrated acceptable validity and may be used as practical methods to determine whether athletes are meeting their hydration recommendations.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: A Cross-Sectional Study among Adolescents in Selangor, Malaysia.

This study aims to examine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of adolescents towards sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), together with the associated factors that determine their KAP. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires that consisted of sociodemographic, the KAP for the SSB questionnaire, and the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ). The respondents’ heights, weights, waist circumferences and body fat percentages were measured. This study involved 439 adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years old, in public secondary schools in Selangor, Malaysia. The results reveal that 35% of the adolescents were overweight, 26% had a high waist circumference, and 45% had a high body fat percentage. Caffeinated drinks and full cream milk were the most frequently consumed SSBs. The KAP score revealed a good attitude (88.4%), a moderate knowledge (51.8%) and a poor practice (40.5%). Those with a higher body fat percentage showed significantly good attitude scores (p < 0.05). Low household income groups, females, adolescents aged 16–17 years old and being from an urban area demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) positive determinant towards the KAP score. In conclusion, high awareness of negative health outcomes associated with SSBs among adolescents was not in accordance with the level of their lifestyle choices.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to sugar sweetened beverages and taxation among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Caribbean island of Barbados – A cross sectional survey in primary care

AimsBarbados implemented a 10% tax on sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) in 2015. We aimed to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices towards SSB consumption and taxation among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) attending public sector primary care clinics in Barbados. MethodsPeople with T2D attending public sector clinics completed a survey including the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ-15). Waist circumference was measured. ResultsOf 384 participants (34.6% male, median age 67 years, interquartile range 60–74 years, African descent 97.6%) 45.9% had diabetes diagnosed for >10 years, 30.7% used insulin, 31.8% had not seen a dietician since diabetes diagnosis, and 62.2% had abdominal obesity. Most (91.1%) thought that consuming SSB was unhealthy and 91% felt that reducing intake would be easy. Only 44.7% favoured the current 10% tax and 29.7% favoured a 20% tax. The median daily SSB consumption was 26.6ml (IQR 3.0–53.2). Responses did not differ by age, gender or abdominal obesity status (p>0.5). Weight loss was being attempted by 45.6% and 21.1% with and without abdominal obesity respectively (p<0.0001). ConclusionsWhile most felt SSB consumption is harmful and the median reported consumption contributes few calories to the diet, a minority supported the current tax.

Update of the BEVQ-15, a beverage intake questionnaire for habitual beverage intake for adults: determining comparative validity and reproducibility.

The BEVQ-15 is a beverage intake questionnaire that estimates the habitual average daily intake of 15 beverage categories (kcal and fl oz), as well as total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and total beverages. However, subsequent to its initial validation in 2010, it has not been updated. The present study aimed to assess the convergent validity and reproducibility of the updated form of the BEVQ-15 to better reflect current beverage consumption trends. The study population included adults (n=50) aged ≥18years, recruited from a local university community. Participation consisted of three laboratory visits within a 4-week period in which the updated BEVQ-15 was administered during the first and last visit and four 24-h dietary recalls were collected. BEVQ-15 modifications included removing limits of 60fl oz per beverage, adding a nut milk category, and providing creamer and sweetener preferences for coffee/tea categories. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing reported beverage intake between the BEVQ-15 and dietary recalls. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing both BEVQ-15 administrations. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Bland-Altman plots and Spearman's correlations. For validity, Bland-Altman plot agreement between the BEVQ-15 and recalls was in the range 92-96% for total SSB and total beverage intake. For reproducibility, all beverage categories, total SSB, and total beverage intake were significantly correlated between the two BEVQ-15 administrations (r=0.41-0.85; P≤0.01). This updated version of the BEVQ-15 demonstrated moderate convergent validity and reproducibility for total beverage consumption among well-educated southwest Virginia adults.

Fluid intake, hydration status and its association with cognitive function among adolescents in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESA cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate fluid intake and hydration status in association with cognitive function among 230 adolescents (10–14 years of age) in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia.SUBJECTS/METHODSUrine color was used to measure hydration status, while fluid intake was assessed using the 15-item beverage intake questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition.RESULTSMore than half of the adolescents were mildly or moderately dehydrated (59.6%) and only one-third (33.0%) were well hydrated. Among the daily fluid types, intakes of soft drinks (r = −0.180; P = 0.006), sweetened tea (r = −0.184; P = 0.005) and total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (r = −0.199; P = 0.002) were negatively correlated with cognitive function. In terms of hydration status, cognitive function score was significantly higher (F-ratio = 4.102; P = 0.018) among hydrated adolescents (100.38 ± 12.01) than in dehydrated (92.00 ± 13.63) counterparts. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, showed that soft drinks (β = −0.009; P < 0.05) and sweetened tea (β = −0.019; P < 0.05) negatively predicted cognitive function (ΔR2 = 0.044). When further control for sources of fluid, hydration status (β = −2.839; P < 0.05) was shown to negatively predict cognitive function (ΔR2 = 0.021). The above variables contributed 20.1% of the variance in cognitive function.CONCLUSIONSThe results highlight the links between fluid intake (soft drinks, sweetened tea, total SSBs) and hydration status with cognitive function in adolescents. Interventions aimed at decreasing the consumption of SSBs and increasing hydration status through healthy fluid choices, such as water, could improve cognitive performance in adolescents.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake in a Rural Family Medicine Clinic.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of calories, and are associated with adverse health outcomes. Because the majority of studies are undertaken in urban areas, the rural intake of SSB presents a significant gap in current knowledge. The objective of our study was to assess SSB intake in a rural primary care clinic. The Beverage Intake Questionnaire is a 15-item self-reported questionnaire and has been extensively validated to assess habitual SSB consumption. The survey was administered to adult primary care clinic patients presenting for routine care over a 6-week period at a clinic in a rural central Nebraska community (population < 1,000). Survey participants (n = 121) were primarily white with an average age of 61 years (SD = 18.0) and an average body mass index (BMI) of 29.9 kg/m2 (SD = 7.5). Participants consumed an average of 1.05 SSBs per day (SD = 1.3), and 33.5% of respondents consumed one or more SSBs per day. The average daily caloric intake from SSBs was 153 Kilocalories (Kcals) compared the national average intake of 145 Kcals. The most commonly consumed caloric beverages, based on Kilocalories consumed, were 100% juice and regular soda. SSB consumption was not related to with BMI. In a rural primary care clinic, the daily consumption of SSB by patients was found to be a noteworthy source of calories, with no significant difference in consumption across BMI categories. Mitigation of SSB consumption by rural primary care clinicians is imperative for optimizing health.

Evaluation of a Method to Rapidly Assess Beverage Intake in Collegiate Athletes

Fluid intake recommendations have been established for both general and athletic populations in order to promote adequate hydration. The Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ-15) is a food frequency questionnaire that rapidly measures habitual beverage intake and has been validated in children and adults. However, there is no beverage consumption questionnaire that has been validated in athletic populations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the BEVQ-15 for determining habitual beverage intake in collegiate athletes. METHODS: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes from a variety of sports from two universities in Virginia were recruited to participate. The study consisted of three sessions on nonconsecutive days within 2 weeks. At each session, the participants completed a 24-hr dietary recall, which was analyzed via NDSR. At the first and third sessions, participants completed the BEVQ-15. Validity was assessed using by comparing reported beverage intake determined by the BEVQ-15 to the average of three 24-hour recalls, using a Spearman’s correlational analysis; reproducibility was assessed by comparing BEVQ-15 results from the two administrations, using a Pearson’s correlational analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-five collegiate athletes (60% female) participated in the study. Mean water and total beverage intake were 80.9±89.5 fl oz and 112.9±95.4 fl oz, respectively. Total beverage intake (fl oz, kcal) between the average BEVQ-15 administration and the recalls was associated (fl oz: r=0.51; kcal: r=0.36, both p≤0.01). Correlations between the two BEVQ-15 administrations were significantly associated for water (fl oz: r=0.80; p<0.01) and total beverage intake (fl oz, kcal: r=0.74 and 0.77, respectively; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the BEVQ-15 is a valid and reproducible method to assess water and total beverage intake in collegiate athletes. The BEVQ-15 is a practical tool (<5 minute completion time) which may be used to measure collegiate athletes’ beverage intake. Additional research is needed to determine if the BEVQ-15 is sensitive to detect changes in athlete’s beverage intake over time.

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake in relation to semen quality in infertile couples − a prospective observational study

Aims: This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate effect of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on semen parameters in infertile couples. Setting: Men attending infertility clinic. Design: prospective, observational study. Methods and material: Participants were assessed the type and frequency of SSB intake in the past month by a previously validated beverage intake questionnaire (BEVQ-15) and provided one semen sample for analysis. The primary outcome were semen parameters; namely volume (in mL), total sperm count (in millions/ejaculate), sperm concentration (in million/mL), sperm motility% (PRM+NPM+IM), progressive motility% (PRM), vitality% and sperm morphology% (per 200 spermatozoa). The main independent variable was SSB intake. Statistical analysis: Multiple linear regression models were used to predict semen parameters based on SSB intake and potential confounders, compared across quartiles using Kruskal-Wallis test. Non-linearity was examined by fitting models with linear and quadratic terms. Results: 385 men were included in the study. A significant decline in crude sperm motility% (P<0.001), progressive motility% (P<0.001), vitality% (P=0.017) and normal sperm morphology (P=0.006) with increasing SSB intake was found, along with a significant decline in volume and sperm concentration in the adjusted model (P<0.05). Significant decrease was noted in sperm motility and progressive motility percentages in both lean (BMI <25) and overweight and obese men (BMI ≥25) with increasing SSB intake. However, in presence of other potential confounders, SSBs lost its impact on semen parameters in the linear and quadratic fitted models, possibly due to interdependence of the confounders. Conclusion: Intake of SSBs negatively affect sperm parameters, except total sperm counts. But with other stronger confounders, its impact needs to further evaluated in larger populations of men.