Between Body Mass Index Percentile Research Articles

Association of body mass index with progression from binge-eating behavior into binge-eating disorder among adolescents in the United States: a prospective analysis of pooled data

The association between body mass index (BMI) and binge-eating disorder (BED) is well-established. However, data on the extent to which BMI is associated with progression from binge-eating behavior into BED among adolescents are limited, which was the aim of this investigation. Participants were 9,964 U.S. adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, aged 9-13 at the time of study enrollment. A computerized parent-reported assessment was used to establish adolescents’ binge-eating behaviors and BED. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates were used to examine prospective associations between BMI and likelihood of BED onset among a) adolescents with binge-eating behavior, and b) adolescents with no binge-eating behavior. Of 975 adolescents who met study criteria for binge-eating behavior, 89 (9.1%) subsequently met study criteria for BED. Of 8,989 adolescents with no binge-eating behavior, 82 (0.9%) subsequently met study criteria for BED. BMI percentile was significantly associated with the likelihood of BED onset in participants with [ adjusted HR =1.03 (1.00, 1.06)] and participants without [adjusted HR =1.05 (1.03, 1.07)] binge-eating behavior. Results were also significant when examining BMI as a dichotomous predictor (above and below 85th percentile) among those with [adjusted HR =2.60 (1.00, 6.68) and those without [adjusted HR =6.01 (3.90, 11.10)] binge-eating behavior. Overall, results indicate that elevated BMI is prospectively associated with a greater risk for BED onset among U.S. adolescents with or without binge-eating behavior. Adolescents with a higher BMI may benefit from screening for binge eating, and prevention/early intervention strategies to mitigate the risk for developing BED.

Relationship between body mass index, fundamental movement skills, and quality of life in primary school children

Background: Obesity in children is a serious public health problem, affecting their physical health and quality of life. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) have been suggested to play an important role in reducing the risk of obesity in primary school children and improving their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), FMS, and HRQoL in primary school children. Methods: 193 primary school children (81 boys, 112 girls) aged 6 to 8 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Weight and height, FMS, and HRQoL were measured using BMI percentiles, the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD-2) including the object control, locomotor subtests and the total gross motor quotient, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM) respectively. Results: There was a negative significant correlation between BMI and gross motor quotient, and between BMI and the locomotor subscale of the TGMD. There was also a negative significant correlation between BMI and the PedsQL scale. There was a positive significant correlation between TGMD and PedsQoL scales. According to linear regression analysis, BMI significantly predicted TGMD gross motor quotient and PedsQL total score. In addition, the TGMD gross motor quotient significantly predicted the total PedsQL score. Conclusion: Mastery of FMS might be an important factor in avoiding obesity and improving HRQoL in primary school children.

Examining the Relationship Between BMI, Sex, and Fundamental Movement Skill Performance in Low-Income Rural Children

This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI), Sex, and Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) performance among low-income rural children aged 5 to 7 years. 39 children (20 boys and 19 girls) participated in the study. FMS proficiency was evaluated using the Furtado-Gallagher Child Observational Movement Pattern Assessment System (FG-COMPASS). The children’s height and weight were measured to calculate BMI, which was then classified into ‘normal weight’ and 'overweight'. A two-way factorial ANOVA assessed the effects of sex and BMI group on manipulative fundamental motor skills (MFMS), locomotor fundamental motor skills (LFMS), and total fundamental motor skills (TFMS). We hypothesized that normal weight children would outperform their overweight counterparts in locomotor (LFMS), manipulative (MFMS), and total (TFMS) fundamental motor skills and that boys would outperform girls on MFMS and TFMS but not on LFMS. Our findings showed a significant main effect of sex on MFMS, with boys performing significantly better than girls. However, no significant main effects were found for LFMS or TFMS based on sex or BMI group. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed weak, negative, non-significant correlations between BMI percentiles and all three motor skill scores. The study’s results highlight the importance of considering sex differences when assessing FMS in children and indicate that overweight status may not necessarily relate to poorer motor skill performance in a rural, low-income context. Further research should ensure a balanced representation across BMI categories and explore the potential influence of demographic factors on motor skill development.

Associations of Body Mass Index with Self-Rated Health and Weight Perceptions Among Rural Appalachian Adolescent Students.

Adolescents with overweight or obesity are at greater risk of having physical and psychosocial consequences. With increased disparities and inadequate literature on prevalence of adolescent weight status in rural Appalachia, there is potential for further complications. Unfortunately, adolescent obesity treatment options are often limited, especially in medically underserved regions. This cross-sectional study of adolescents at eight rural Appalachian schools examined weight status among and associations between body mass index percentile (BMIp) categories and health-related perceptions and weight-control intentions. Previously validated instruments were utilized. Analyses included independent samples t-tests, ANOVA tests, and chi-squared tests. Of 814 adolescents (ages 11-13; 55.0% girls), BMIp revealed 20.8% overweight, 22.7% obese, and 10.6% severely obese. Adolescents with higher BMIp categories reported poorer self-rated health, inaccurate weight perceptions, and greater weight loss intentions (all p < .05). Findings, including high prevalence of adolescents with overweight and obesity, emphasize the need for more obesity prevention and treatment options. Schools may be an ideal setting to reach at-risk adolescents and provide obesity prevention and treatment options, especially in medically underserved regions such as rural Appalachia. Opportunities and challenges to apply findings, including school-based obesity programs, are discussed.

Body Mass Index is Associated with Pediatric Complicated Appendicitis and Postoperative Complications.

To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) spectrum and complicated appendicitis and postoperative complications in pediatric patients. Despite the impact of being overweight and obese on complicated appendicitis and postoperative complications, the implications of underweight are unknown. A retrospective review of pediatric patients was conducted using NSQIP (2016-2020) data. Patient's BMI percentiles were categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. The 30-day postoperative complications were grouped into minor, major, and any. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were performed. Among 23,153 patients, the odds of complicated appendicitis were 66% higher in underweight patients (OR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.06-2.59) and 28% lower in overweight patients (OR=0.72; 95% CI: 0.54-0.95) than normal-weight patients. A statistically significant interaction between overweight and preoperative white blood cells (WBC) increased the odds of complicated appendicitis (OR=1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03). Compared to normal-weight patients, obese patients had 52% higher odds of minor (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.18-1.96) and underweight patients had three times the odds of major (OR=2.77; 95% CI: 1.22-6.27) and any (OR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.31-6.10) complications. A statistically significant interaction between underweight and preoperative WBC lowered the odds of major (OR=0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-0.99) and any complications (OR=0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-0.98). Underweight, overweight, and interaction between overweight and preoperative WBC were associated with complicated appendicitis. Obesity, underweight and interaction between underweight and preoperative WBC were associated with minor, major, and any complications. Thus, personalized clinical pathways and parental education targeting at-risk patients can minimize postoperative complications.

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and the Magnitude of Curve at Diagnosis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Retrospective Chart Review.

PurposeTo evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and spinal curvature in patients presenting with idiopathic scoliosis at a major pediatric tertiary care centre.Patients and MethodsRetrospective chart review (2015–2019). Data extracted from patient’s first visit included age, sex, height, weight, spinal curvature (magnitude, location), referral source, physical activity participation (yes/no), pain (yes/no). Demographics were analyzed descriptively. The relationship between BMI and spinal curve magnitude was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Linear regression was applied to determine the relationship between BMI, curve magnitude, and curve location. Exploratory univariate analyses were conducted for BMI and referral source, pain, and skeletal maturity, and physical activity and pain.ResultsA total of 206 patient charts were included (177 females, 29 males). Patients presented with double major (41.3%), thoracic (26.7%), thoracolumbar (22.8%), and lumbar (9.2%) curves. Mean (SD) BMI percentile was 48.3 (30.5). No relationship existed between BMI percentile and curve magnitude with curve locations combined. However, a test for interaction revealed a positive relationship between BMI percentile and curve magnitude for adolescents with double major curves, and a negative relationship for adolescents with thoracic curves. Exploratory analyses suggested a relationship between BMI percentile and presence of pain, and between referral source and curve magnitude. No relationship was observed between BMI and skeletal maturity, or physical activity and pain.ConclusionThe relationship between BMI varied by curve location within this cohort, in which most patients presented with a BMI <85th percentile. Findings highlight the importance of sensitive history taking and careful physical examination for early detection of scoliosis.

Nutritional status and lung function in children with pancreatic-sufficient cystic fibrosis

BackgroundThere is a strong association between nutrition and long-term FEV1 in cystic fibrosis (CF), but studies have been driven by data from subjects with pancreatic insufficiency (PI-CF). We thus evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and FEV1 percent-predicted (FEV1pp) in children with pancreatic sufficiency (PS-CF) and contrasted it with the association in PI-CF. MethodsWe utilized data from the CF Foundation Patient Registry. The cohort included children born 1995–2010, diagnosed <2 years of age, and who had annualized data on BMI percentile and FEV1pp at ages 6–16 years. Pancreatic status was defined based on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. The association between BMI and FEV1 was evaluated using linear and mixed-effects longitudinal regression. ResultsThere were 424 children with PS-CF and 7,849 with PI-CF. The association between BMI and FEV1 differed significantly by pancreatic status: each 10-pct higher BMI was associated with 2% [95%CI = 1.9–2.1] higher FEV1pp in PI-CF, compared to just 0.9% [0.5–1.3] in PS-CF (PINTERACTION < 0.001). Within the at-risk nutritional category (BMI <25pct), each 10-pct higher BMI was associated with 5% higher FEV1pp in PI-CF, but no significant increase in PS-CF. Moreover, in PS-CF, overweight/obesity (BMI ≥85pct) was associated with decreasing FEV1pp. In addition, FEV1pp decline through age 20 years in youth with PS-CF was modest (-0.6% per year) and independent of BMI (BMI*age PINTERACTION = 0.37). ConclusionsIn children with PS-CF, BMI remains an important determinant of lung function. However, it may be less critical to attain a BMI >50th percentile; and BMI ≥85th percentile may be detrimental.

Association of Body Mass Index With Severity and Lesion Location in Adolescents With Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee.

Background:The association between body mass index (BMI) and severity of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee at presentation is poorly understood.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that adolescents in higher BMI percentiles for age and sex would have OCD lesions that were more severe at their initial presentation and located more posteriorly on the condyle as compared with adolescents in lower BMI percentiles.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:This study included patients aged 10 to 18 years who were treated for knee OCD at a tertiary care hospital from 2006 to 2017. Patients with noncondylar OCD or missing BMI data within 3 months of presentation were excluded. Patients were stratified per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, and the groups were compared according to age, side of lesion, 4 markers of lesion severity (cystic changes, loose fragments, subchondral fluid, and subchondral edema), and surgical treatment. Lesion angle was measured in reference to a line parallel to the femoral axis drawn through the center of a best-fit circle covering the distal condyle. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, relative risk, Student t tests, analysis of variance, and linear regression of cumulative running percentages. Bonferroni correction was performed when applicable.Results:A total of 77 patients met our inclusion criteria (mean age, 14.2 years; range, 10.1-18.8): 2 were underweight, 50 had normal BMI, 13 were overweight, and 12 were obese. We found correlations between BMI percentile and surgical treatment (R 2 = .732), subchondral fluid (R 2 = .716), subchondral edema (R 2 = .63), loose fragments (R 2 = .835), and the presence of at least 1 marker of lesion severity (R 2 = .857) (P < .0001 for all). No correlation was observed for cystic changes (R 2 = .026). There were significant associations between BMI ≥80th percentile and subchondral edema (risk ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.8), medial condylar lesions (risk ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.01-1.7), and lesions more anterior on the condyle (P < .05).Conclusion:Higher BMI in adolescents was strongly correlated with multiple markers of severity of knee OCD at initial presentation as well as with more anterior lesions.

The impact of being overweight on the mobility, temporal-spatial and kinematic aspects of gait in children with cerebral palsy

AimObesity causes altered gait patterns in typically developing children, but its effect on gait in children with physical disabilities is largely unknown. This study explores associations between body mass index (BMI), functional mobility and gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP). MethodAn observational cross-sectional study was conducted using three-dimensional gait analysis data from 197 children with CP, Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III. BMI values were categorised using the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2000) BMI percentiles, which are specific to age and gender. Regression analyses, with GMFCS level as a covariate, explored associations between BMI category and temporal-spatial, kinematic and functional mobility variables. Analyses included children categorised as healthy weight and overweight/obese only (n = 174), with underweight children excluded (n = 23). Results131 children (mean age 10.5 years, SD 3) were categorised as healthy weight and 43 children (mean age 9.6 years, SD 2.5) as overweight or obese. BMI was not associated with most gait variables. Increased double support time, reduced hip extension and increased ankle dorsiflexion were observed in children that were overweight, but most differences were small and of uncertain clinical significance. A lower proportion of overweight children walked independently over 500 m. ConclusionWe found little evidence that BMI has a substantial influence on gait patterns in children with CP but some to suggest it may affect long-distance mobility. Different research strategies are required to improve understanding of relationships between adiposity, strength and function, for effective targeting of interventions to improve mobility.

Elevated Glycated Hemoglobin Is Associated with Reduced Antibody Responses to Vaccinations in Children.

Background: Childhood obesity is a major health concern, and it is associated with an increased risk of infectious morbidity. Previous studies found a decrease in protective antibody titers in obese adults after hepatitis B, influenza, and tetanus vaccination. Objective: We aimed at determining whether obesity or abnormal hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C) levels are associated with altered antibody responses in children. Methods: Children (8-18 years) who have completed routine childhood immunization were recruited. Serum samples were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for antibody levels to Diphtheria, Tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB), and Streptococcus pneumoniae, along with serum HBA1C levels. An electronic medical record review on the frequency of emergency visits for infection was conducted. Spearman rank correlation, Fisher-exact, and Pearson's Chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was an overall negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) percentile and the majority of pneumococcal subtypes, Diphtheria and Tetanus titers, although not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between HBA1C level and the S. pneumoniae serotype P9N (P = 0.037), P4 (P = 0.017), P12 (P = 0.023), P19F (P = 0.050), and HIB (P = 0.001). On average, individuals with elevated HBA1C levels had more frequent emergency room visits for infection (P = 0.029) and more viral infections (P = 0.023) as compared with children with normal HBA1C. Conclusion: Children with higher HBA1C levels were more likely to have lower pneumococcal and HIB titers and increased rates of emergency room visits for infection in a prospective, population-based cohort study. Although not statistically significant, there was an overall negative correlation between BMI percentile and titers for routine childhood vaccines.

Influence of Body Mass Index on the Surgical Outcomes of Flexible Ureteroscopy for Pediatric Upper Urinary Tract Aalculi—A Single Surgeon Experience

To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and surgical outcomes of flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) for pediatric upper urinary tract calculi and to estimate the influence of BMI percentile on the learning curve of pediatric FURS. We reviewed our prospectively maintained database containing children who had kidney or ureteral stones from June 2014 to April 2019. We calculated BMI and plotted it on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart for sex and age to estimate BMI percentile. Patient demographics, intraoperative data, stone characteristics, stone-free rate (SFR), and complication rate (CR) were analyzed. Learning curves stratified by BMI percentile groups were generated. The final analysis included 161 children, of whom 63 (39.1%) had upper body weight percentile (UBW), 64 (39.8%) had normal body weight percentile (NBW), and 34 (21.1%) had lower body weight percentile (LBW). The median stone burden of the 3 groups were 1.14 (IQR 0.50-3.41), 1.13 (IQR 0.70-3.14), and 0.95 (IQR 0.50-1.77), respectively (P=.17). The SFRs were 90.5% (57/63) in the UBW group, 81.2% (52/64) in the NBW group and 70.6% (24/34) in the LBW group (P=.04). The CRs were 15.9% (10/63), 21.9% (14/64), and 29.4% (10/34), respectively (P=.29). The learning curves showed that the SFR of FURS could be improved after about 100 cases. And decreasing BMI could steepen the learning curve of SFR. BMI is associated with the SFR of FURS. LBW children had the lowest SFR compared to UBW and NBW children. Lower BMI percentile makes the success of FURS more challenging.

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Dental Age in 8-15-Year-Old Orthodontic Patients

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental age in 8-15-year-old orthodontic patients. Material and Methods: Forty-eight children (25 males, 23 females) aged 8-15 years requiring orthodontic treatment participated in this retrospective study. The dental development ages were determined using the Demirjian method and panoramic radiographs. Afterwards, chronological age, height, and weight were recorded. Using the standard equation developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, BMI value was calculated and grouped according to BMI percentile classification according to age and gender. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test . The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Dental age was significantly accelerated in subjects with increased BMI percentile after adjusting for age and gender (p<0.05). The mean dental age among all subjects was 10.58 ± 2.40. The correlation coefficient (r) showed a strong correlation with a positive direction, which means that the dental age also accelerated by 44.6% in the subjects with increased BMI . Conclusion: There was a linear correlation between increased BMI with accelerated dental age. BMI value and dental age can be considered in determining orthodontic treatment time.

Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Dental Caries Among Three- to 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren in India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Diet is a deeply ingrained element of a person’s life. Children’s dietary habits are a significant contributor to obesity and dental caries. Dental caries during childhood continues to be a significant public health concern, while childhood obesity is increasingly being cited as a major public health problem. This study aimed to assess the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in children aged three to 12 years who attended both government and private schools in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional review of 2200 children aged three to 12 years with clinically recorded dental caries. The World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for BMI percentile was used to evaluate and record dental caries clinically. The Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for univariate comparisons.Results: Mean values between the overweight category and underweight category revealed no significant differences.Conclusion: We found no association between BMI-for-age and dental caries in children in both primary and mixed dentition. This relationship should be investigated further by longitudinal studies.

Benefits of normal body mass index on physical fitness: A cross-sectional study among children and adolescents in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China.

ObjectiveTo assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness index (PFI) among children and adolescents in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China.MethodsIn total, 17,618 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from the selected region were enrolled in this cross-sectional study (8,800 boys and 8,818 girls). Participants were stratified by age and sex and divided into five groups by BMI percentiles: very low (BMI <5th percentile); low, (5th ≤ BMI < 15th percentile); normal (15th ≤ BMI < 85th percentile); high (85th ≤ BMI < 95th percentile); and very high (BMI ≥95th percentile). PFI was assessed by height, weight, and five health-related fitness indicators (grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, and endurance run).ResultsBMI was significantly associated with PFI during adolescence (13–18 years) in boys and pre-adolescence (7–12 years) in girls. Between the ages of 13 and 18 years, an increase in BMI had a greater impact on PFI in boys than girls. PFI showed a parabolic curvilinear relationship with BMI.ConclusionChildren and adolescents in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region with a normal BMI demonstrated good physical fitness. A BMI below or above the normal range may contribute to poor physical fitness. The relationship between BMI and PFI shows an inverted U-shaped curve.

The Relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sedentary behavior is mediated by negative peer interaction in boys.

To determine if self-reported negative social interaction mediates the relationship between sedentary behavior and body mass index (BMI) percentile in boys. Twelve overweight/obese (&lt;85th BMI percentile) and 14 non-overweight (&lt;85th BMI percentile) boys (10.5 ± 1.5 years old) completed surveys assessing overt peer victimization and relational victimization. Children were individually given access to a gymnasium with physical activity equipment and sedentary alternatives for 30 minutes. Children could play with the equipment in any pattern they wished and the amount of time allocated to sedentary activities (sitting time) was recorded. Overt and relational victimization were moderately and positively associated with BMI percentile (r ≥ 0.40, p ≤ 0.04) and sitting time (r ≥ 0.40, p ≤ 0.05) and sitting time was positively associated with BMI percentile (r = 0.4, p = 0.05). After controlling for overt and relational victimization the correlation between sitting time and BMI percentile was non-significant (r ≤ 0.28, p ≥ 0.18). The positive relationship between BMI percentile and sedentary behavior was mediated by measures of negative social interaction.

Measurement of Liver Size by Ultrasound Unveils Large Livers in Overweight Children

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile and liver size and to predict the probabilities of fatty liver and hepatomegaly for overweight and obese boys and girls among Mexican-American children. Methods: One thousand two hundred fourteen reports of children visiting a South Texas pediatric clinic from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. Ultrasonography was requested for patients whenever the patient was gaining excessive weight and the readings for alkaline phosphatase levels were 2 SD above the normal population; or when liver enzymes were elevated, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) above 50/46, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) above 47/41, and Gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) above 32/28 for boys and girls respectively. The data was analyzed using linear regression and logistic regression models. Results: The results of the analysis support that the probability of fatty liver and hepatomegaly increase exponentially as BMI percentile increases. There is also a positive linear relationship between liver size and BMI percentile. Conclusion: The logistic regression analysis predicts that as BMI percentile increases the probability of fatty liver and hepatomegaly increases.

Adolescent overweight and obesity and the risk for pancreatic cancer among men and women: a nationwide study of 1.79 million Israeli adolescents.

There is growing concern regarding the impact of adolescent obesity on adult health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) in late adolescence and the incidence of pancreatic cancer during adulthood. The authors analyzed a cohort of 1087,358 Israeli Jewish men and 707,212 Jewish women who underwent a compulsory physical examination between ages 16 and 19 years from 1967 to 2002. Pancreatic cancer incidence through December 31, 2012 was identified by linkage to the national cancer registry. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for pancreatic cancer according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI percentiles at baseline. Over a median 23 year follow-up, 551 incident cases of pancreatic cancer cases occurred (423 men; 128 women). Compared with normal weight (5th to-<85th percentile), obesity (≥95th percentile) was associated with an increased risk of cancer among both men (HR, 3.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52-5.34) and women (HR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.78-9.29). Among men, compared with low-normal BMI (≥5th to <25th percentile), high-normal BMI (≥75th to <85th percentile) and overweight (85th to 95th percentile) also were associated with a higher risk for cancer(high-normal BMI: HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.05-2.13; overweight: HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.39-2.80). The estimated population-attributable fraction because of overweight and obesity was 10.9% (95% CI, 6.1%-15.6%). Men and women who were obese or overweight as adolescents are at an increased risk for subsequent pancreatic cancer.

High and low body mass index may predict severe disease course in children with inflammatory bowel disease

Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been historically associated with underweight and malnutrition. The impact of both underweight and obesity on the clinical course of IBD in adults is controversial. This study described the association between body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis to disease course in children with IBD.Methods: We reviewed the medical records of children with IBD from the database of the ‘Dana-Dwek’ Children’s Hospital between 2010 and 2016. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected as were disease characteristics, course and therapy. Patients were categorized in quartiles according to BMI percentiles at diagnosis (Q1–Q4).Results: Of 100 children who were identified, 62 had Crohn’s disease (CD) and 38 had ulcerative colitis (UC). The median age (interquartile range, IQR) at diagnosis was 13.7 (range 11.9–15.2) years. The median (IQR) follow-up was 2.1 (1.2–3.8) years. At diagnosis, 46 children (46%) were in Q1, 20 (20%) in Q2, 19 (19%) in Q3 and 15 (15%) in Q4. Prolonged time to diagnosis was associated with BMI in Q1 and Q4, as well as high disease activity at diagnosis (p < .001). In a multivariate analysis, BMI in the lower and upper quartiles was associated with disease exacerbation (HR 3.212 and 4.651, respectively, p = .016) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy (HR 4.489 and 3.972, respectively, p = .021).Conclusions: BMI in the lower and upper quartiles was associated with more severe disease course in children with IBD. BMI may serve as a simple and highly accessible predictor of pediatric IBD course and prognosis.

Adolescent obesity and adult male breast cancer in a cohort of 1,382,093 men

Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for 1% of all breast cancer. Adult obesity and tallness are risk factors for MBC, but the role of adolescent fatness is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) in adolescence and the incidence of MBC in a large cohort of 16- to 19-year-old Israeli males. 1,382,093 Jewish Israeli males aged 16-19 who underwent anthropometric measurements, a general intelligence test (GIT) and other examinations during 1967-2011, were followed up to December 31, 2012 for MBC incidence. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between adolescent BMI (as WHO BMI categories and as age-specific CDC percentiles) and time to MBC diagnosis, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Of 100 MBC cases diagnosed during 29,386,233 person-years of follow-up, 97 were included in multivariable analyses. Compared to "healthy" BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ) and adjusted for year of birth, country of origin and GIT score, higher adolescent BMI was associated with higher MBC risk: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-3.55, p = 0.015) in overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0 kg/m2 ) adolescents; and HR = 4.97 (95%CI 2.14-11.53, p = 0.0002) in obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 ) adolescents. When CDC age-specific BMI percentiles were assessed results were similar and statistically significant for obesity. In addition, low (vs. high) GIT score (HR = 4.76, 95%CI 1.96-12.50, p = 0.001) and European (vs. west-Asian) origin (HR = 1.99, 95%CI 1.19-3.34, p = 0.009) were independent predictors of MBC. Measured adolescent overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of MBC, suggesting a modifiable risk factor potentially allowing for early intervention. The novel association with cognitive function should be further explored.

Higher body mass index associated with severe early childhood caries.

BackgroundSevere Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) is an aggressive form of tooth decay in preschool children affecting quality of life and nutritional status. The purpose was to determine whether there is an association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and S-ECC.MethodsChildren with S-ECC were recruited on the day of their slated dental surgery under general anesthesia. Age-matched, caries-free controls were recruited from the community. All children were participating in a larger study on nutrition and S-ECC. Analysis was restricted to children ≥ 24 months of age. Parents completed a questionnaire and heights and weights were recorded. BMI scores and age and gender adjusted BMI z-scores and percentiles were calculated. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was significant.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-five children were included (141 with S-ECC and 94 caries-free). The mean age was 43.3 ± 12.8 months and 50.2 % were male. Overall, 34.4 % of participants were overweight or obese. Significantly more children with S-ECC were classified as overweight or obese when compared to caries-free children (p = 0.038) and had significantly higher mean BMI z-scores than caries-free children (0.78 ± 1.26 vs. 0.22 ± 1.36, p = 0.002). Those with S-ECC also had significantly higher BMI percentiles (69.0 % ± 29.2 vs. 56.8 % ± 31.7, p = 0.003). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that BMI z-scores were significantly and independently associated with S-ECC and annual household income as were BMI percentiles.ConclusionsChildren with S-ECC in our sample had significantly higher BMI z-scores than caries-free peers.