Better Approach To Mobile Ad Hoc Network Research Articles

Energy efficient better approach to mobile Ad hoc networking (BATMAN) using LoRa technology

Energy efficient better approach to mobile Ad hoc networking (BATMAN) using LoRa technology

Split Hop Penalty for Transmission Quality Metrics in a Better Approach to Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (BATMAN) for IoT-Based MANET

Various routing protocols have been developed for wireless ad hoc networks to shift from infrastructure-based networks to self-controlling and self-configurable networks. These ad hoc networks are easy to implement and have plenty of application in the fields of healthcare, transportation, smart cities, etc. Although almost all of the routing protocols work on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model’s network layer, a few routing protocols support routing on the data link layer of the OSI model rather than the conventional one. One of these routing protocols include the Better Approach To Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (BATMAN). Though BATMAN is a comparably new routing protocol and included in the Linux kernel, it suffers from performance deterioration and latency issues that need to be addressed especially in the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper presents a symmetry-based split hop penalty for BATMAN version 4 to improve the network’s performance in multi-hop scenarios. Split hop penalty defines two different sets of penalties to accommodate the routing protocol metric based on the interface media type. The experiments were conducted within the campus building of the university with physical nodes, and the obtained results highlight that overall performance is improved in terms of throughput, latency, and jitter while no performance gain is measured in packet loss and routing loops that are still present.

Soft-Mesh: A Robust Routing Architecture for Hybrid SDN and Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are considered self-organizing, self-healing, and self-configuring networks. Despite these exciting features, WMNs face several routing challenges including scalability, reliability and link failures, mobility, flexibility, and other network management issues. To address these challenges, WMNs need to make programmable to allow modifications of standard techniques to be configured and implemented through software programs that can be resolved by integrating Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture. SDN, being a cutting-edge technology promises the facilitation of network management as well as routing issues of wireless mesh networks. However, the evolution of the legacy IP-based network model in its entirety leads to technical, operational, and economic problems that can be mitigated by full interoperability between SDN and existing IP devices. This study introduces a Robust Routing Architecture for Hybrid Software-Defined and Wireless Mesh Networks (Soft-Mesh), by systematic and gradual transitioning of WMNs to SDNs in an efficient manner. The main objective of this paper is to suggest improvements to the architecture of the SDN node that allow the implementation of various network functions such as routing, load balancing, network control, and traffic engineering for the hybrid SDN and IP networks. Mininet-WiFi Simulator is used to perform various experiments to evaluate the performance of proposed architecture by creating a hybrid network topology with a varying number of nodes that is 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 including SDN hybrid and legacy nodes with varying proportion of SDN hybrid and legacy nodes. Results are taken for the average UDP throughput, end-to-end delay, packet drop ratio, and routing overhead while comparing with traditional routing protocols including Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Better Approach to Mobile Adhoc Networking (BATMAN) and with existing hybrid SDN/IP routing architectures including Hakiri and wmSDN. The analysis of simulation results shows that the proposed architecture Soft-Mesh outperforms in terms of the aforementioned performance metrics than the traditional and exiting hybrid routing protocols. Soft-Mesh gives 50% to 70% improved results concerning the incremental proportion of SDN hybrid nodes.

Design and experimental performance analysis of a B.A.T.M.A.N.-based double Wi-Fi interface mesh network

Mesh networks and, in particular, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining a growing interest because of their scalability, robustness, and ease of deployment. These characteristics make WMNs suitable for several applications, such as distributed sensing, monitoring, and public safety. In this paper, we describe a novel WMN implementation based on the use of low-cost double Wi-Fi interface embedded IoT-oriented devices. At each node, one interface provides external connectivity, whereas the other interface is used to create a mesh backbone. On the mesh side, the Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) routing algorithm is used to route the traffic flows from external clients (possibly towards an Internet gateway), which can be IoT nodes and/or mobile nodes (e.g., smartphones and tablets). After providing a description of the architecture and relevant implementation details, we carry out an extensive experimental campaign to evaluate the WMN performance, especially in terms of the trade-off between throughput and number of hops.

A Hybrid Routing Protocol for Wireless Distributed Networks

Trends in networking are shifting from distributed to logically centralized networks. Software defined networking (SDN) is the key technology behind this shift. This new paradigm not only proves the ease of network management in wired networks but also results into graceful evolution of networking protocols. Moreover, wireless distributed networks (WDNs) and software defined radios (SDRs) are also shifting towards the centralized approach. However, due to distributed control nature of WDNs, already prevailing routing algorithms cannot cope the design principle of centralized routing algorithms. Hence, a new routing algorithm that incorporates SDN in WDNs is required. In this paper, we propose a logically centralized approach for WDNs called centralized approach to mobile ad hoc network (CATMAN). It is a self-healing and hybrid routing protocol. It combines distributed and logically centralized network control along with the flavors of reactive, proactive, and opportunistic routing protocols. CATMAN is designed to automatically switch between logically centralized routing protocol and distributed routing protocol based on the types of available network nodes. The protocol significantly reduces control overhead and hence improves bandwidth utilization. While route computations, this protocol deliberately avoids the nodes with weaker batteries, optimizing the effective life of whole network. The simulation results showed that the CATMAN protocol outperform better approach to mobile ad hoc network (BATMAN) protocol by signaling overhead reduction up to 570%.

An approach to a cross layer-based QoE improvement for MANET routing protocols

Currently, multimedia communications are monopolizing Internet traffic. These services present highly demanding real-time requirements that need great bandwidths in order to provide acceptable quality levels. Meanwhile, the variety of network architectures employed by final users to access these contents is wider and wider. One of the most attractive access networks due to its ease-of-deployment and decentralized architecture is the Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs). The inherent dynamic nature of these networks entails the use of appropriate routing protocols in order to obtain good performance in the services supported by the system. In this work, we focus on evaluating the performance of the novel routing protocol Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (BATMAN) and the widely extended IETF experimental drafts Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocols supporting video traffic. The results obtained from a chain-topology network have been improved in terms of Quality of Experience (QoE) by means of different modifications at different OSI layers. We have found out that each protocol presents low performance in different scenarios that can be enhanced by means of the proposed techniques. As we show in this work, taking a proper action in the right OSI layer permits an improvement on the multimedia traffic support in MANETs.

Experimental results from a MANET testbed in outdoor bridge environment considering BATMAN routing protocol

A set of wireless mobile terminals, which cooperate by routing packets to each other creates a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). MANETs are continuing to grow their interest in research environment and they are attracting attention for their potential use in several fields such as collaborative computing and disaster recovery environments. Considering mobility of the terminals, the topology changes rapidly and routing becomes a key process for operation of MANETs. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Better Approach To MANET (BATMAN) routing protocol in an outdoor bridge environment considering mobility and vertical communication. We implement two scenarios on our testbed and evaluate the performance in terms of throughput and packetloss.

Evaluation of MANET protocols for different indoor environments: results from a real MANET testbed

A mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is a collection of wireless mobile terminals, which create a temporary network without relying on a fixed infrastructure. MANETs are attracting attention for their potential use in several fields such as collaborative computing and communications in small areas. Considering mobility of the terminals, routing is a key process for operation of MANETs. In this paper, we analyse the performance of optimised link state routing (OLSR) and better approach to mobile ad hoc networking (BATMAN) protocols, in an indoor horizontal topology for three different scenarios. We also analyse the performance of OLSR protocol in an indoor vertical topology for two scenarios. We compare the results for horizontal and vertical topology considering OLSR protocol. From our experiments, we found that the mobility and node distance affect more the throughput and packetloss in the vertical topology.

Performance comparison of OLSR and BATMAN routing protocols by a MANET testbed in stairs environment

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile terminals, which move in different directions with different speeds. MANETs are found very useful in real applications such as time-lacking implementations and indoor environments. In this paper, we analyze the behavior of Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Network (BATMAN) routing protocols, in stairs environment, based on real data from our MANET testbed. We evaluate the performance considering three metrics: throughput, delay and packet loss. We design and implement two experimental scenarios: static stairs scenario and shifting stairs scenario. From our experiments, we show that as the number of hops increases to three or more hops, the performance of the communication decreases. The performance decreases further when the nodes are mobile. However, OLSR shows a better performance than BATMAN.