Benchmark Of Best Practice Research Articles

Environmental Aspects and Recycling of Solid-State Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, with notable advantages in safety, energy density, and longevity, yet the environmental implications of their life cycle, from manufacturing to disposal, remain a critical concern. This review examines the environmental impacts associated with the production, use, and end-of-life management of SSBs, starting with the extraction and processing of raw materials, and highlights significant natural resource consumption, energy use, and emissions. A comparative analysis with traditional battery manufacturing underscores the environmental hazards of novel materials specific to SSBs. The review also assesses the operational environmental impact of SSBs by evaluating their energy efficiency and carbon footprint in comparison to conventional batteries, followed by an exploration of end-of-life challenges, including disposal risks, regulatory frameworks, and the shortcomings of existing waste management practices. A significant focus is placed on recycling and reuse strategies, reviewing current methodologies like mechanical, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical processes, along with emerging technologies that aim to overcome recycling barriers, while also analyzing the economic and technological challenges of these processes. Additionally, real-world case studies are presented, serving as benchmarks for best practices and highlighting lessons learned in the field. In conclusion, the paper identifies research gaps and future directions for reducing the environmental footprint of SSBs, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to advance sustainable SSB technologies and contribute to balancing technological advancements with environmental stewardship, thereby supporting the transition to a more sustainable energy future.

#1357 Regional and national hospitalization burden of lupus nephritis and systemic lupus erythematous in Spain

Abstract Background and Aims The regional epidemiology of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) within the same country is poorly understood. Being a rare disease, its severity may be influenced by local expertise and treatment protocols, especially when healthcare systems are fragmented, like in Spain (17 different healthcare systems in 17 Autonomous Community (AACC), population range 319.796 to 8.472.407), resulting in potentially different levels of expertise in regional referral centers. Additional heterogeneity may derive from different specialists (rheumatology, internal medicine, nephrology) caring for SLE and LN. We aim to investigate the disease burden of SLE and LN in Spain and its AACC between 2019 and 2021, and to characterize factors that may influence this burden. Method The primary diagnostic data and average cost of SLE and NL hospitalization were extracted from the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS, Ministry of Health) that contains data from private and public hospitals. Sociodemographic data were obtained from the National Statistics Institute. Results From 2019 to 2021, there were 872 LN and 3612 SLE nationwide hospitalizations. Over 60% occurred in Andalucia, Catalonia, and Madrid, which account for 48% of Spanish population. Nationwide, the incidence of LN and SLE hospitalization was 1.44 and 4.59 per 100 000, respectively. However, regional variability was large, with a 3.7-fold difference for LN and a 7.3-fold difference for SLE between Madrid and Valencia, 2 of the more populated AACC. The median LN/SLE hospitalization ratio was 0.33. Relative risk for hospitalization, compared to the national mean, ranged in AACC from 0.37 (Baleares) to 2.55 (La Rioja) for LN and from 0.22 (Baleares) to 3.67 (Ceuta and Melilla) for SLE (Fig. 1A). Heterogeneity was larger at the provincial level where 10/50 provinces had significantly higher or lower relative risk than the national mean (Fig. 1B). The length of SLE/LN hospitalizations was very variable across specialties and AACC. There was a trend for shorter duration in Nephrology and longer in Internal Medicine for both LN and SLE. Nephrology was mainly responsible (76%) for LN hospitalization, with regional differences. For SLE hospitalization, Nephrology was also most commonly in charge. Heterogeneity was larger at the province level within the same AACC. The average All-Patient-Related (APR) cost per LN and SLE hospitalization episodes was €5254 and €4376, respectively, with significant geographical variability. Total annual hospitalization costs varied significantly among AACC, ranging from €8683 (Ceuta and Melilla) to €682512 (Catalonia) for LN and from €68361 (Ceuta and Melilla) to €2229456 (Madrid) for SLE. Adjusted per million population, total LN hospitalization cost ranged from €27920 (Baleares) to €179248 (La Rioja), and SLE cost from €91563 (Baleares) to €399693 (Ceuta and Melilla). When adjusted by €1000 of average household net income, the budget burden of LN hospitalization was highest in La Rioja (€5812 per €1000 of average household net income) and lowest in Baleares (€809 per €1000), while for SLE was highest in Murcia (€11186 per €1000) and lowest in Baleares (€2652 per €1000) (Fig. 2A,B). Conclusion In conclusion, the burden of LN and SLE hospitalization is heterogeneous across and within Spanish AACC, with large regional differences in the distribution of cases, costs and specialists who care for these patients. The analysis of these differences may contribute to benchmarking of best practices, decreasing clinical practice heterogeneity, optimizing care for SLE and LN and improving outcomes.

Moroccan Cultural Diplomacy: Challenges, Opportunities and Levers of a New Model of Influence and Soft Power

Cultural Diplomacy has emerged as a vector of influence and a potent tool for soft power in international relations. Nowadays, the realm of cultural diplomacy has become fiercely competitive. It leveraged by many countries aware of its pivotal role in increasing their soft power and expanding their sphere of influence. Morocco, a secular kingdom and one of the oldest States in the world, is also keen on investing in the field of cultural diplomacy to bolster its soft power, increase its influence and assert its position as a regional and continental leader in this area. This paper presents a new conceptual model of a Moroccan Diplomacy which takes into account the extremely rich and distinctive cultural heritage of the Kingdom of Morocco, the various achievements in this cultural field. This model is designed to be more integrated, synergistic, well-governed in order to address internal and external challenges and capitalize on the strengths and new opportunities. The paper identifies the main challenges facing Moroccan Cultural Diplomacy that impact its proficiency, including in particular the lack of a global and integrated strategic vision and thinking, limited financial resources, lack of coordination between the different stakeholders and, weak involvement of the private sector and weak culture of assessment and performance measurement. However, the paper also identifies great opportunities, such as its impressively rich cultural heritage, characterized by its multidimensional cultural diversity, which requires a new and innovative approach based on a global and integrated strategic vision. The proposed Model is designed as a new framework based on a benchmark of international best practices of several pioneering countries in the field of cultural diplomacy and combined with a documentary approach and the results of interviews carried out with professionals, managers and experts in this field. It focused on several levers of influence and counter-influence that emphasizes the importance of a global and strategic vision, strong governance standards and structures involving Regions, Cities, Non-Governmental Organizations, Moroccan Diaspora. It focused also on enhanced evaluation and measurement, and a more proactive and innovative approach to promoting Moroccan soft power by investing cultural marketing, Public-Private Partnerships, digitalization and new technologies for networking, cultural creativity and strategic cultural partnerships. The paper argues that a renewed and more strategic approach to cultural diplomacy should be guided and steered by a specialized national agency that would perform the various functions of study, research, monitoring, influence, coordination, policy convergence, control and evaluation at national and international level. Thus, by institutionalizing this strategic, synergistic and holistic approach, we can lay the foundation of a new and innovative model that could help Morocco strengthen its soft power and promote its rich and unique cultural assets and values on the global stage in a more effective manner, and strengthen so its international reputation and influence.

Maximizing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sink

The key parameter that plays a major role in designing a protocol for WSNs is energy efficiency, which is the scarcest resource of sensor nodes and determines their lifetime of sensor nodes. Prolonging the lifetime of sensor networks depends on efficient management of the sensing node of energy. The protocol proposed in this study is a modified routing protocol based on the LEACH protocol, which distributes cluster heads. It also proposes sink mobilization to overcome problems that exist in the case of static sinks. However, controlling the movement of the sink to achieve the most efficient data gathering, both to guarantee the quality of service and to reduce energy consumption, is an important issue in maximizing network lifetime. The novelty of our proposed approach over other mobile-sink-based LEACH-modified protocols is that we assume that the mobile sink traverses along the Y-axis of the sensing area and is relocated at the start of each round by computing the optimal tentative sink node position considering both the geographical distance from the sensors to the sink and the transmission load of the sensors. A comparative analysis based on the standard best-practice benchmarking metrics was performed. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the LEACH protocol in maximizing WSNs lifetime.

Quantifying Webpage Performance: A Comparative Analysis of TCP/IP and QUIC Communication Protocols for Improved Efficiency

Browsing is a prevalent activity on the World Wide Web, and users usually demonstrate significant expectations for expeditious information retrieval and seamless transactions. This article presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of the most frequently accessed webpages in recent years using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) adapted to the context (inverse DEA), comparing their performance under two distinct communication protocols: TCP/IP and QUIC. To assess performance disparities, parametric and non-parametric hypothesis tests are employed to investigate the appropriateness of each website’s communication protocols. We provide data on the inputs, outputs, and efficiency scores for 82 out of the world’s top 100 most-accessed websites, describing how experiments and analyses were conducted. The evaluation yields quantitative metrics pertaining to the technical efficiency of the websites and efficient benchmarks for best practices. Nine websites are considered efficient from the point of view of at least one of the communication protocols. Considering TCP/IP, about 80.5% of all units (66 webpages) need to reduce more than 50% of their page load time to be competitive, while this number is 28.05% (23 webpages), considering QUIC communication protocol. In addition, results suggest that TCP/IP protocol has an unfavorable effect on the overall distribution of inefficiencies.

Benchmarking non-pharmacological policies from an efficient administration perspective: a panel DEA approach with strategic insights for the post-pandemic

PurposeThe recent increase in the number of infections and mortality rates in many regions has emphasized the cyclical nature of this pandemic, with new variants emerging constantly. Understanding what has been done by efficient administrations to contain the outbreak is essential while new immunization developments for the new variants are not available.Design/methodology/approachThis work adapts the traditional Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) Variable Returns to Scale model for including panel data on the Brazilian Federal Government spending over the first pandemic months in Pernambuco to identify efficient municipalities and conduct a benchmark on the best practices, reactions and implications that can serve as a guide for the post-Covid recurrence era.FindingsThe results provide an interesting panorama of municipal response to the pandemic and some quantitative and qualitative prospects on potentials for improvements from the perspective of efficient and inefficient cities. Only one administration (São Bento do Una) was identified as efficient for the entire period. The authors’ benchmark and discussion are focused on this municipality.Originality/valueThe authors believe this work has two innovative components. The first is a robust and systematic methodology integrating the advances in testing convexity and returns to scale in the construction of a production frontier based on panel data. The second is a discussion on what drives efficiency (benchmarking of best practices) in addition to how to quantitatively attain such efficiency prospects. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, both methodological and empirical implications are original to the present manuscript.

S09 Insights into the development of the physical activity environment policy index, a tool for benchmarking implementation of public policies to create healthy physical activity policy environments

The UN Sustainable Development Goals' (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/) and the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (https://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/gappa) highlight the need to move beyond individual behaviour change to broader policy and system approaches, focusing not only on health but also on sustainability. Recently, policy responses to the epidemics of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour have grown. The Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA) reports that by 2013, 139 countries were members of its physical activity advocacy alliance and 26.6% of these countries had already published a stand-alone physical activity plan. The ‘Policy Evaluation Network' is a multi-disciplinary European research network aimed at understanding the impact of public policy for promoting healthy lifestyles in an effort to prevent non-communicable disease. To understand the progress governments are making in creating healthy policy environments, the benchmarking of best practice has proven effective for advancing the food policy agenda; however its usefulness for physical activity requires evaluation. Individual country results promote mutual learning between countries. This symposium will take a deep look at public policy in physical activity. It will summarise evidence from systematic literature reviews and present a tool for benchmarking progress. It will also discuss the potential next steps for addressing the inactivity, obesity and climate challenges through policy solutions in a systematic way.The Chair will give an overview of context within which this symposium takes place e.g. GAPPA, Policy developments etc. They will also explain the symposium's purpose and objectives, introduce the speakers and direct questions. Symposium Objectives 1. To review evidence for the contribution of transport, sport and mass media policy to the promotion of physical activity.2. To show how evidence generate in each of these reviews contributed to the development of the physical activity environment policy index (PA-EPI).3. To discuss the next steps for addressing inactivity by using policy intervention as a tool to catalyse change. 1: Which transport policies increase physical activity of the whole of society? A Systematic Review. 2: The impact of mass-media campaigns on physical activity: a review of reviews through a policy lens. 3: Evidence of the impact of Sport Policies on physical activity and sport participation: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review. 4: The development of the Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI): a tool for monitoring and benchmarking government policies and actions to improve physical activity.The Discussant summarizes the presentations and provides insights on the specific topic area, generating an interactive discussion with the audience for at least 15 minutes, moderated by the Chair. (15 minutes) Conclusions: Some discussion of the possible contribution to, or implications for, the advancement of HEPA related goals.

Developing National Occupational Standards for Behavior Analysis

ABSTRACT In order to help promote the future growth of behavior analysis, it is incumbent on behavior analysts around the world to develop country-specific standards. National Occupational Standards (NOS) are concise and readable documents that specify the knowledge an individual requires and the standard of performance that must be achieved when carrying out a specific function in the workplace. NOS are used as benchmarks of good practice across professions internationally. The current paper provides an overview of a model with 20 discrete actionable steps across five phases for developing standards: (i) preparation, (ii) development, (iii) review, (iv) validation, and (v) endorsement. A case example is provided for the development of NOS for Applied Behavior Analysts in the United Arab Emirates in the Middle East.

Short-term causal effects of common treatments in ambulatory children and young adults with cerebral palsy: three machine learning estimates

Orthopedic and neurological impairments (e.g., muscle contractures, spasticity) are often treated in children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Due to challenges arising from combinatorics, research funding priorities, and medical practicalities, and despite extensive study, the evidence base is weak. Our goal was to estimate the short-term effectiveness of 13 common orthopedic and neurological treatments at four different levels of outcome in children and young adults diagnosed with CP. The outcome levels considered were body structures, specific gait kinematic deviations, overall gait kinematic deviations, and functional mobility. We used three well-establish causal inference approaches (direct matching, virtual twins, and Bayesian causal forests) and a large clinical gait analysis database to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). We then examined the effectiveness across treatments, methods, and outcome levels. The dataset consisted of 2851 limbs from 933 individuals (some individuals underwent multiple treatment episodes). Current treatments have medium effects on body structures, but modest to minimal effects on gait and functional mobility. The median ATT of 13 common treatments in children and young adults with CP, measured as Cohen’s D, bordered on medium at the body structures level (median [IQR] = 0.42 [0.05, 0.60]) and became smaller as we moved along the causal chain through specific kinematic deviations (0.21 [0.01, 0.33]), overall kinematic deviations (0.09 [0.03, 0.19]), and functional mobility (-0.01 [-0.06, 0.13]). Further work is needed to understand the source of heterogeneous treatment effects, which are large in this patient population. Replication or refutation of these findings by other centers will be valuable to establish the generalizability of these results and for benchmarking of best practices.

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) Methodology as a Roadmap in Quality Improvement.

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) Methodology as a Roadmap in Quality Improvement.

Careers Hubs: pilot of a place-based school improvement network in England

ABSTRACT The Careers Hubs pilot (2018–2020) tested a place-based network model designed to facilitate English schools and colleges delivering career guidance, measured primarily by adherence to eight benchmarks of good practice. Using a standardised measurement tool, career guidance in hub schools was observed to improve faster than a matched comparison group (estimated at +1.0 benchmarks for Wave 1 hubs, effect size 0.4, n = 1,948, p < 0.001). Results are robust to a range of modelling techniques, control variables and adjustments for possible selection effects, suggesting that the networks did support self-assessed school improvement. A qualitative evaluation identified collaboration between Careers Leaders, leadership support, employer engagement, and regional strategy alignment as key drivers of progress.

Key outcome summaries of the scientific programme of the IRPA15 congress

This special issue of JRP includes a selection of research papers and review articles presented at the 15th Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA15) as chosen by the scientific committee. All invited journal contributions are suitably expanded beyond the initial conference presentations to meet the criteria for a full journal article and include (a) presentation within a comprehensive radiological protection context and (b) additional data/interpretation. Published contributions address a wide spectrum of scientific topics and concepts to further develop the radiation protection (RP) system. They are based on scientific evidence and available experience in a wide spectrum of applications of the protection system. The IRPA is the international voice of the RP profession. It promotes excellence in RP by providing benchmarks of good practice, enhancing professional competence, and encourages the application of the highest standards of professional conduct, skills and knowledge for the benefit of individuals and society. Within the overarching theme of the conference ‘Bridging RP Culture and Science—Widening Public Empathy’ IRPA15 provided an invaluable opportunity to discuss and strengthen the relations between RP culture and science, and share developing scientific knowledge and related experience in RP among members of the scientific community, between representatives of key international organizations, including ICRP, IAEA, WHO, and NEA but also with the public. Some discussions focused on the rationale of available RP programmes and priorities, with an opportunity to identify and further develop key scientific issues of the current RP system as well as key processes for the interaction between members of the scientific community and society. The scientific programme of IRPA15 included eight topics and four thematic areas. The topical areas were: Underpinning Science; Dosimetry and Measurement; the System of Protection; Standards and Regulation; Practical Implementation—Medical Sector, as well as Industry and Research; Emergency Preparedness and Response; Existing Exposures and Non-ionizing Radiation. The thematic areas addressed were: Ethics; Communication and Public Understanding; RP Culture; Human Capital and Competency.

IRPA practical guidance for engagement with the public on radiation and risk

The International Radiation Protection Association, IRPA, promotes the worldwide enhancement of professional competence, radiation protection (RP) culture and practice by providing benchmarks of good practice, as well as encouraging the application of the highest standards of professional conduct, skills and knowledge for the benefit of individuals and society. Enhancing public understanding of radiation and risk is highlighted by experiences from past emergencies, including the accident at Tokyo Electric Power Company’s (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 and the following post-disaster recovery, as one of the most important challenges, and this challenge is common across almost all public interfaces regarding radiation and risk. To this end IRPA has been continuing a Task Group activity for Public Understanding since 2013. After a series of workshops in various regions of the world, the IRPA draft guidance was developed and issued for consultation of the Associate Societies in 2019. Through these processes, IRPA received a lot of helpful comments and suggestions. IRPA finally published ‘Practical Guidance for Engagement with the Public on Radiation and Risk’ on the IRPA website in October 2020. The objective of the guidance is two-fold. Firstly, it is to enthuse all of us in our profession to become more active public advocates for RP. Secondly, it is to provide information, experiences and techniques to help us to become more effective and comfortable in this challenging task. This paper provides a key summary of the published IRPA guidance.

Master’s Research Supervision and Academic Support: A Benchmarking of Best Practice at a New Zealand Research-Intensive University

Master’s Research Supervision and Academic Support: A Benchmarking of Best Practice at a New Zealand Research-Intensive University

The Need for a Leadership Competency Framework for Physical Therapists: A Perspective in Action

Background and Purpose. “Leadership at all levels” has been identified as one of the 12 critical issues facing organizations around the world. The American Physical Therapy Association Vision calls physical therapists “to lead” efforts to transform society. Leadership competencies essential for practice recently have been identified. These competencies illustrate how physical therapists independent of professional role and position can support achievement of the Quadruple Aim. The profession has taken steps to prepare physical therapists with clinical competencies to practice as movement system experts; however, like many health professions, education has struggled to keep pace with professional formation and leadership skills that shape role identity. More emphasis needs to be placed on developing skills needed to lead, advocate, and influence change. The purpose of this position article was to expand conversation on leadership and propose an evidence-based framework, which can be used to build competence throughout entry-level curricula. This framework can bring the profession one step closer to adopting leadership as an essential domain of competency and providing the missing link to bridge the gap in achievement of the Vision. Position and Rationale. Leadership should be recognized as an obligation of all physical therapists and developing leadership an obligation of education, as it is critical to our evolving role identity. Adoption of a leadership competency framework informed by competencies will help assure graduates exhibit leadership skills to challenge current practices and advocate for transformation of the health care system. The team explored established leadership frameworks to evaluate “fit” of the 57 leadership competencies. Although frameworks offered valuable perspectives, none sufficiently “fit” the evidence to support widespread adoption. This led us to design a Leadership Competency Framework for Physical Therapists (LCF-PT) to categorize, enhance utility, and clarify interpretation of these competencies. Discussion and Conclusion. The LCF-PT organizes 57 competencies into 3 tiers and 11 thematic clusters that can further advance our role as movement system experts and build a more robust role identity consistent with a doctoral profession. Without a framework, DPT education programs will likely remain fragmented, unintentional, and inconsistent in the development of leadership competencies in Doctor of Physical Therapy graduates. Future research needs to validate the LCF-PT by stakeholders to confirm the framework is sufficiently robust to guide leadership development at all levels. This framework also can support eventual benchmarking of best practices in education in the future. To move forward as practitioners of choice and to ensure our voices are heard, all physical therapists must acknowledge that “to lead” at all levels is critical to role identity, achievement of the Quadruple Aim and the Vision to transform society by improving the human experience. This clarity will move us closer to “dreaming the not-so-impossible dream,” challenge current practices, implement evidence, and advocate for transformation of the health care system.

Country-level efficiency and the index of dynamic entrepreneurship: Contributions from an efficiency approach

The objective of this article is to address aggregate performance indicators in National Systems of Entrepreneurship from an efficiency perspective. Our assessment is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applied to data from the Index of Dynamic Entrepreneurship (IDE) for a sample of 60 countries. Besides providing information on the efficiency score of each country, this approach allowed the identification of benchmarks for best practices and the construction of an efficiency ranking. Findings offer guidance for refined entrepreneurship-oriented policies that take into account characteristics of heterogeneous socioeconomic contexts. Surprisingly, top-performing countries in the IDE ranking have relatively inefficient ecosystems while countries in the lowest positions generally demonstrate higher efficiency scores. Implications of our research encompass the need for policymakers to develop more in-depth knowledge concerning their own entrepreneurial ecosystems’ attributes and productivity. Efficient systemic outcomes can be obtained through different configurations, so a hierarchical view of attributes limits the adequacy of policies for different contexts.

Benchmarking the Nutrition-Related Policies and Commitments of Major Food Companies in Australia, 2018

The food industry has an important role to play in efforts to improve population diets. This study aimed to benchmark the comprehensiveness, specificity and transparency of nutrition-related policies and commitments of major food companies in Australia. In 2018, we applied the Business Impact Assessment on Obesity and Population Level Nutrition (BIA-Obesity) tool and process to quantitatively assess company policies across six domains. Thirty-four companies operating in Australia were assessed, including the largest packaged food and non-alcoholic beverage manufacturers (n = 19), supermarkets (n = 4) and quick-service restaurants (n = 11). Publicly available company information was collected, supplemented by information gathered through engagement with company representatives. Sixteen out of 34 companies (47%) engaged with data collection processes. Company scores ranged from 3/100 to 71/100 (median: 40.5/100), with substantial variation by sector, company and domain. This study demonstrated that, while some food companies had made commitments to address population nutrition and obesity-related issues, the overall response from the food industry fell short of global benchmarks of good practice. Future studies should assess both company policies and practices. In the absence of stronger industry action, government regulations, such as mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing, are urgently needed.

Transportation system and the city: What the urban transport reform should be

The analysis of the main provisions of the transportation system reform programs in the Russian cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg allows the authors to conclude that some of the items in the documents do not fully satisfy the systemic approach to the definition of city and the role of transport in it. Based on the literature review and the benchmarking of best practices of the urban transportation reforms in different countries, the authors established inter-relations between urban transport and other elements of the city — economy, ecology, society and spatial planning. With regards to the identified inter-relations, possible consequences of policy decisions were investigated. These consequences are to be considered in the formulation of the urban transportation reform program. The article concludes with the necessity to include in the urban transportation reform program not only indices related to the development of public transport but also those which define the development of other elements of the city — economy, ecology, society and spatial planning.

Critical success factors for modular integrated construction projects: a review

ABSTRACT Modular integrated construction (MiC) is an innovative construction approach which transforms the fragmented linear site-based construction of buildings into an integrated production and assembly of value-added prefabricated prefinished modules. As MiC has gained attention in the construction industry, more in-depth knowledge of the critical success factors (CSFs) for implementing MiC projects is imperative. This research reviewed studies on the CSFs for implementing MiC projects during the period 1993–2019. Analysis showed that the US, UK, Malaysia, Australia, and Hong Kong are the largest contributors to the MiC CSFs studies. Further analysis generated 35 CSFs for implementing MiC projects. Of these, the six most cited CSFs shared between countries and MiC projects include good working collaboration and effective communication among project participants; effective supply chain management; accurate design and early design freeze; involvement of key project participants throughout the project; suitable procurement strategy and contracting; and standardization & benchmarking of best practices. These shared CSFs can be used to develop decision support systems, enabling the prediction of project success. The developed checklists and conceptual model of the CSFs could help to guide and improve the successful implementation of MiC projects and may form a useful basis for future empirical studies.

Best Practice Adherence and Workplace Facilitators and Hindrances for Psychologists Working With Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities and Co‐Morbid Mental Health Concerns

AbstractA number of practice guidelines are available to set the benchmark for best practice when working with individuals with intellectual disabilities and co‐morbid mental health concerns. However, dissemination and implementation of such guidelines in the context of psychologists' work settings has received little attention. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate adherence to current practice guidelines by Australian psychologists working with this specialist population and explore organizational factors that may facilitate or hinder evidence‐based practice implementation. Thirty‐eight Australian psychologists from government disability and non‐government disability organizations working primarily with individuals with intellectual disability participated in eight semistructured focus groups. Psychologists were presented with a summary of a current Australian practice guideline in dual disabilities and asked about their views of best practice adherence and implementation of the guideline including facilitative and hindering factors influencing implementation. Psychologists reported views consistent with current Australian best practice standards but noted a number of barriers impacting on adherence. Facilitators and hindrances to best practice implementation were discussed in relation to views on applicability of current guideline, organizational level considerations, organizational resources and training, organizational operations, and systemic considerations. Findings highlight the importance of a collaborative and systemic approach in order for practice guidelines to be effectively implemented for psychologists working with disabilities. Implications for policy development and training are discussed.