Benign Mucosal Lesions Research Articles

Investigation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Pathways in Nasal Polyp Tissue: Peroxynitrite and Malondialdehyde Compared to NF-E2-related factor 2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein one and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3ß

Objective: Nasal polyps are benign mucosal lesions with multifactorial causes that grow into the nasal cavity and are associated with inflammation. This study aims to investigate whether Nrf2, Keap1, GSK-3ß, Peroxynitrite, and malondialdehyde may be used as biochemical markers to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and nasal polyps. The goal is to explore the etiology of nasal polyps and contribute to the literature for a better understanding of the inflammatory pathophysiology of nasal polyps, ultimately leading to the development of new therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods: A total of 94 patients aged between 12 and 65 years who underwent a surgical operation for polyps (n = 49, case group) and septoplasty (n=45, controls) between February and September 2022 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University were included in the study. Tissues taken from the polyp and the inferior turbinate in the case and control groups, respectively, were homogenized at the biochemistry laboratory and investigated using the ELISA method to compare the Nrf-2, Keap1, GSK-3ß, malondialdehyde, and peroxynitrite levels. Results: Consistent with the study hypothesis, Nrf2 levels were lower, and Keap1 levels were higher in the case group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Although studies have reported increased levels of GSK-3β in chronic rhinosinusitis, they were statistically lower in polyps. This may be associated with the complexity of the GSK-3β network or the adequacy of Keap1 alone for Nrf2 inhibition. Peroxynitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are indicators of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Nrf2, Keap1, GSK-3ß, MDA, and Peroxynitritetrite may be involved in the aetiology of nasal polyps based on the study's results. Keap1 and GSK-3ß, Nrf2 and Nrf2 module, actors which regulate oxidative stress, played a role in the pathophysiology of nasal polyps in combination with Peroxynitritetrite and malondialdehyde, according to the study findings. Potential treatments for nasal polyps are better understood through more extensive and well-matched studies.

The healing effects of moderate exercise on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in male rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of moderate exercise on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in male rats. Gastric ulcers include benign mucosal and submucosal lesions of the gastric wall. Exercise regulates a wide range of physiological processes. 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=16 per group) as follows: control, which was left untreated after causing stomach ulcers; experimental group 1, the rats were first exercised and then received acetic acid; experimental group 2, the rats received acetic acid, and then exercised. The ulcer was caused by injecting 0.12 ml of a 60% acetic acid solution after 24 hours of not eating. The rats had a period of moderate treadmill activity either before or after the development of ulcers, lasting for a duration of 30 days. On the seventh and fourteenth days after the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, their stomach was removed, and the wound healing parameters, and wound depth were determined. Exercise before and after inducing gastric ulcers significantly decreased the depth of gastric ulcers in the experimental groups. The average number of PMN in the control group decreased in comparison to the seventh and fourteenth days following the experiment. Conversely, the number of fibroblasts, epithelialization, and new vessels increased. It seems that exercise before the appearance of ulcers has a greater effect on gastric ulcers compared to exercise after inducing gastric ulcers. Exercise can prepare the gastric mucosa for forthcoming injuries, and heal gastric ulcers. Moderate aerobic exercise has significant restorative effects on gastric ulcers caused by acetic acid and is recommended.

Huge Subglottic Stalked Polyp Treated by Endoscopic Polypectomy Snare at Jalalabad Afghanistan

Polyps are the common benign mucosal lesions of larynx. Usually present as exophytic lesion with thin mucosa. Horsiness is a common symptom and rarely large subglottic polyp causes dyspnea. A patient with horsiness and shortness of breath due to a huge laryngeal polyp around 2cm with thin stalk, linked to thyroid angle below the vocal cords. According the combined decision of Otorhinolaryngologist, Endoscopist and Anesthesiologist, underwent resection of the mass by endoscopic polypectomy snare with electrocautery without any residues and damages. The dyspnea and hoarseness relieved. The histopathological findings confirmed vocal cord benign mass lesion. We consider that careful intubation under the direct vision of bronchoscopy and electrocautery is the safest and useful procedure to secure the upper airway successfully in cases of large subglottic polyp showing dyspnea.

Micro laryngeal surgery for benign lesions of the larynx: our experience

A retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of various types of benign mucosal lesions of the larynx causing hoarseness and to review the role of demographic and etiological risk factors in relation to the benign mucosal lesions of the larynx. Patients with hoarseness presenting to the department of Otorhinolaryngology at our tertiary-care institute, from the month of January 2017 to June 2022 were evaluated by indirect video laryngoscopy followed by direct laryngoscopy with biopsy. A total of 30 patients with clinical evidence of a benign vocal cord lesion, above the age of 15 years were selected. A clinical and epidemiologic profile was formulated from the data obtained from these patients. Vocal nodules were the commonest type of benign lesions of the vocal fold, followed by vocal fold polyps. Overall, there was a slight male predominance with the maximum incidence in the age group 41-50 years. The most common risk factors were voice abuse and smoking and the less common were GERD, alcohol intake, fume exposure, and allergy. Lifestyle modifications like vocal hygiene, cessation of smoking, alcohol, and spicy food played an important role in significantly reducing the incidence of these benign vocal fold lesions.

Assessment of Dysphonia Using the Japanese Version of the Voice Handicap Index and Determination of Cutoff Points for Screening

The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) is recognized as a useful subjective assessment method for dysphonia. The original VHI has been translated into numerous other languages, including Japanese (J-VHI). Although the reliability and validity of the J-VHI have already been established, the cutoff point has not been determined. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between the J-VHI and other voice laboratory measurements, and determine the cutoff point. This study included 167 dysphonic patients and 55 healthy volunteers. All patients and volunteers completed the J-VHI at the initial visit, and the following outcomes were determined: VHI scores of patients with dysphonia and healthy volunteers, VHI scores according to disease, cutoff point, and correlations between VHI scores and other voice laboratory measurements. Both the total VHI (VHI-T) and individual domain (functional domain [VHI-F], emotional domain [VHI-E], physical domain [VHI-P]) scores were significantly higher in the dysphonia group compared to the healthy volunteer group. VHI-T, VHI-F, and VHI-E scores were significantly lower in the benign mucosal lesion subgroup, compared to the other disease subgroups. The G scale and B scale of the grade-roughness-breathiness-asthenia-strain scale showed a significant association with VHI-T, VHI-F, and VHI-P scores. Similarly, the A scale showed a significant association with VHI-T, VHI-F, and VHI-E scores. The cutoff point (12) for VHI-T was chosen from the receiver operating characteristic curve to maximize sensitivity and specificity. Similarly, the cutoff points for VHI-F (5), VHI-P (5), and VHI-E (3) were also obtained. Significant differences in maximum phonation time, pitch range, G scale, and B scale were observed between the VHI-T negative (VHI ≤ 12) and positive (VHI-T > 13) groups. These findings suggest that self-evaluation using the VHI could serve as an independent assessment and screening tool for patients with dysphonia.

Association of oral health status with the risk of malnutrition and pneumonia in geriatric patients

Background: Older persons are at risk of compromised oral conditions, including dental infections, periodontal problems, tooth loss, benign mucosal lesions, xerostomia, oral candidiasis, and oral cancer. Poor oral hygiene has contributed to increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia, as well as malnutrition, in geriatric patients. We described cases of poor oral health status associated with increased risk of malnutrition and pneumonia in geriatric. Case Report: The patients were an 80-year-old female and a 61-year-old male who were referred from the Internal Medicine Department to the Oral Medicine Clinic at the Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, for the evaluation and management of oral health problems. Their medical histories revealed that they had low nutritional intake prior to being hospitalized. Clinically, both patients had pale conjunctiva and appeared underweight. Anthropometry measurements of the female patient showed her body weight was 36 kg, height was 150 cm, and upper-arm circumference measurement was 20 cm, whereas the male patient was measured at 43 kg, 174 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. The nutritional status based on percentage upper-arm circumference measurement method or called % Lingkar Lengan Atas of both patients were 66.8%. Intraoral findings showed coated tongues, multiple gangrene radix at all regions, plaque, and calculus seen on most tooth surfaces, and a lack of saliva. A thorax radiography examination found the patients had pneumonia. A diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, severe malnutrition, xerostomia, and periodontitis was made for each patient. The management of the patients included administering systemic antibiotics, promoting their nutritional status gradually with adequate intake, and improving their oral health status with an antiseptic mouthwash and the rehabilitation of malfunctioning teeth. Conclusion: Oral health status has a close relationship with the risk of malnutrition and pneumonia in geriatric patients. Therefore, comprehensive management is needed to improve the quality of life of geriatric patients.

147 Colorectal Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartomas in a Community Gastroenterology Practice

INTRODUCTION: Mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma (MSCH) is a benign mucosal lesion composed of spindle cells surrounding colonic crypts that can arise anywhere in the colon; usually in the rectosigmoid. Most reports of colonic MSCH are limited to case reports and two case series from tertiary-care academic settings involving 20 and 26 patients. Our retrospective study is the first to describe the characteristics of colorectal MSCH in a community gastroenterology practice. METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients with colorectal MSCH from the pathology database of a large, community gastroenterology practice of 157 physicians in Texas and Louisiana working at 24 outpatient centers. Data were collected from consecutive patients diagnosed with MSCH from 2015–2019. MSCH were confirmed by positive immunohistochemical staining for S-100. Historical data recorded included the endoscopic size and appearance of the polyps, location, indication(s) for colonoscopy, and patient age, sex, and race. RESULTS: 184 colorectal MSCH from 179 patients were identified out of a total of 335,635 colon specimens. The median age of 59 years (range, 40–84). Sixty percent were female, 67% were White, and 25% were Black. The most common indications for colonoscopy were screening (55%), polyp surveillance (35%) and diagnostic (35%), which often overlapped. The polyps were described as sessile (65%), pedunculated (2%), mixed sessile/pedunculated (1.6%), and not specified (32%). The average size was 3.8 mm (range, 1–15 mm), and most were in the distal colon and rectum (77%) followed by transverse (11%) and proximal colon (10%). One MSCH was at an anastomosis and in one, the site was not specified. CONCLUSION: This large retrospective series is the first to describe colorectal MSCH in a community gastroenterology practice. Additionally, the large number of patients provides a better description of MSCH characteristics in comparison to prior small case series. MSCH were most commonly found during screening and surveillance colonoscopies in patients who were older, female and white. Most were located in the distal colon and rectum. Colorectal MSCHs are found infrequently at an approximate rate of 1 every 4 years by a community gastroenterologist, or 0.05% of colonoscopy biopsies.

Voice rest and sick leave after phonosurgical procedures: surveys among European laryngologists and phoniatricians

PurposeAfter surgery of vocal folds, almost every patient will need some voice rest. It is common to recommend total silence for some days, followed by less restricted voice use for variable periods. By now, we do not know how voice rest affects the healing process or the current practise in Europe.MethodsMembers of the European Laryngological Society (2012) and the Union of European Phoniatrics (2018) were sent a web-based questionnaire which included two patient cases with a short history and a still picture. The respondents were asked about the postoperative recommendation of absolute voice rest and sick leave.ResultsOver 90% of the respondents would recommend absolute voice rest after removing a polyp or after mucosal repair of Reinke’s oedema. For both cases, the mean length of recommended absolute voice rest among UEP members was 4 days (range 0–10 days) and among ELS members was 5 days (range 0–14 days). The recommended sick leave ranged from 0 to 35 days. The mean figures suggested by ELS members for the receptionist with Reinke’s oedema were 12 days and for the teacher with a polyp 13 days. On average, UEP members recommended 14 days of sick leave for both cases.ConclusionThe present scientific evidence is scant, but does not support for prolonged (over 3 days) absolute voice rest after simple phonosurgery. So far, there are no studies that could show absolute voice rest to be superior over relative voice rest. According to the present survey, there is considerable variation in recommending voice rest and sick leave after the removal of benign mucosal lesions. Many European laryngologists suggest voice rest that is longer and stricter than the present scientific literature supports.

Serrated epithelial colorectal polyps (hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas) with perineurial stroma: Clinicopathological and molecular analysis of a new series.

Serrated colorectal fibroblastic polyps (FPs) are rare benign mucosal lesions composed of serrated epithelial crypts separated and distorted by intimately associated bland spindle cell proliferations with perineurial-like phenotype. We herein describe 21 new FPs affecting 10 females and 9 males aged 45 to 80 yrs. (mean, 62 yrs). Lesions originated in the sigmoid colon/rectosigmoid junction (n = 16), rectum (n = 2), and other parts of the colon (n = 3). Most patients had additional synchronous or metachronous polyps: classical adenomas (12 patients), sessile serrated adenoma/SSA (1 patient), hyperplastic polyps/HPs (7 patients), both HPs and adenomas (6 patients) and colorectal cancer (2 patients). Size of the lesions varied from 1 to 6 mm (mean: 3 mm). Histologically, all lesions were composed of serrated epithelial crypts that were separated and distorted by spindle cell stromal proliferations (consistently EMA+, claudin-1+ and GLUT-1+). The epithelial component displayed features of HPs (n = 17) and SSA (n = 4). Laser-microdissection-guided molecular testing was successful for 13 epithelial and 9 stromal components (9 paired samples). The BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 54% of the epithelial but in none of the stromal components. In conclusion, colorectal FPs represent genuine serrated epithelial polyps corresponding either to HP or (less frequently) SSA and should be better classified as such with a note on the presence of the stromal component. A more concise terminology reflecting their epithelial nature is needed to fulfill the requirements for colorectal cancer risk assessment and hence adopt appropriate follow-up strategies.

Giant antrochoanal polyp presenting as oropharyngeal mass

Antrochoanal polyps are benign mucosal lesions emerging from the maxillary sinus. The primary symptoms are nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea.

Methylation of SFRP2 gene as a promising noninvasive biomarker using feces in colorectal cancer diagnosis: a systematic meta-analysis.

Methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein genes (SFRP) associated with the Wnt signaling pathway has previously been reported. However, the diagnostic role of SFRP methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. A systematic search was performed to identify eligible articles for analysis. The pooled OR showed that SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4 and SFRP5 methylation was significantly higher in CRC and benign mucosal lesions than in normal colonic mucosa. When CRC was compared to benign mucosal lesions, SFRP1 and SFRP2 methylation had a significantly higher OR, but methylated SFRP4 and SFRP5 had a similar OR. Moreover, the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC (area under the curve) of methylated SFRP2 in feces of patients with CRC vs. healthy subjects was 0.71, 0.94 and 0.94, respectively. Therefore, methylation of SFRP1 and SFRP2 may be significantly correlated with CRC. However, in a study with small sample size, methylated SFRP4 and SFRP5 were not shown to be closely associated with CRC. Additionally, detection of SFRP2 methylation in feces presents a potential noninvasive biomarker for CRC diagnosis.

Clinical relevance of the utilization of vital Lugol's iodine staining in detection and diagnosis of oral cancer and dysplasia.

The aim of this study is to assess the clinical relevance of the utilization of vital Lugol's iodine staining in detection of oral cancer and dysplastic lesions as well as demarcation of the extent of these lesions. A prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was performed in Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital, Sudan. Suspicious oral epithelial lesions indicating incisional biopsy were stained with 10% Lugol's iodine solution and were clinically designated as "negative" for dysplasia or neoplasia when no unstained lesion (USL) area was observed, or as "positive" when a USL area is observed. Incisional biopsies involving both the unstained portion and the stained portion were obtained and histologically evaluated for definitive diagnosis. Forty-five biopsies were obtained from 28 patients. Histopathological examination of the specimens confirmed some degree of dysplasia or neoplasia in all clinically positive specimens with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the most common definitive diagnosis (17 patients, 60.7%). Clinical relevance level of vital Lugol's iodine staining in detecting oral cancer and dysplasia was found to be 90.9% (SE=0.05, P=0.05). The findings of this study showed that Lugol's iodine is an easy, safe, and effective method of visualizing oral epithelial lesions and differentiating epithelial carcinoma and dysplasia from other benign mucosal lesions. Despite certain limitations, its use is of great value in detection and diagnosis of oral cancer and dysplasia. Lugol's iodine staining can effectively be used in detection of the dysplastic and malignant superficial lesions of the oral epithelium.

A comparison of electrosurgery and cryosurgery in the management of benign mucosal lesions

A comparison of electrosurgery and cryosurgery in the management of benign mucosal lesions

Role of endoscopy in evaluating upper gastrointestinal tract lesions in rural population

Abstract Background and Objectives: Before the advent of endoscopy direct access to the lesion for the confirmation of the diagnosis was difficult, this posed difficulty in contemplating adequate and appropriate surgery. Endoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool has grown in recent years. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is one of the most fascinating branch which serves not only as a means of resolving or amplifying the diagnosis made clinically or by X-ray, but also a primary diagnostic procedure for conditions not otherwise diagnosable on unoperated case. Fiber optic upper GI endoscopy has already become firmly established as a reliable, quick and inexpensive tool. This study was done to detect the upper gastrointestinal lesions in rural population of Kolar District, the distribution pattern of various upper GI lesions in patients presenting with upper GI symptoms and to follow the endoscopic diagnosis for medical and surgical management. Materials and Methods: The study group includes patients reporting to outpatient department and also the inpatients in wards of General Surgery and other departments, who have upper GI symptoms, were advised endoscopy at R. L. JALAPPA Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar, from a period of December 2011 to August 2013. Results: Of the 600 cases, 370 were males, and 230 were females. Disease incidence was highest in 51–70 years age group, that is, 21.6%. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom. Epigastric tenderness was the most common sign among the patients clinically. Reflux esophagitis and diffuse gastritis formed most common cases (307 cases). The incidence of duodenitis - 7.83%, peptic ulcer -3.3%, esophageal varices - 1.5%, the incidence of carcinoma esophagus and carcinoma stomach was approximately same that is, 4.5% and 4.6% respectively. The incidence of esophageal candidiasis was 4.16%. The majority of the patients had a normal study that is, 14.5%. Conclusion: Upper GI lesions were more common in males. The incidence of diseases was highest among the elderly age group. Most of the benign mucosal lesions were mainly due to spicy food and habit of tobacco consumption. The incidence of malignancy was mostly among older age group above 50 years. The incidence of the normal study was high owing to increased medical care, easy availability of the procedure and increased medical awareness among patients. In all these cases, upper GI endoscopy not only helped in diagnosing the disease but also helped to get information about pathology, extent of disease and complications that have occurred. This study highlights the importance of diagnostic and therapeutic uses, recording of the various gastroenterological diseases we come across in rural population.

Fibroepithelial polyp of the urinary bladder

Nonneoplastic polyps in the urinary bladder are benign mucosal lesions which occur rarely, usually in young to middle-aged adults. Fibroepithelial polyps of the bladder are occasionally able to epithelial pseudocarcinomatous multiply. We report a case of a polypoid tumor with epithelial proliferation in the urinary bladder in a young man treated in the Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw. The tumor was resected and found to be a fibroepithelial polyp.

Gender and age in benign vocal fold lesions.

Certain lesions appear to occur predominantly in one gender or in younger or older patients. We examined a large sample from a treatment-seeking population to describe gender and age associations of an array of benign vocal fold lesions. Retrospective review. The medical records and evaluations of all adult patients presenting for care over a 5-year period were examined for demographic characteristics and lesion type. A total of 641 lesions in 602 patients were grouped into 13 broad categories, and prevalence was compared between male and female patients and three age groups. Pseudocysts and bilateral midfold lesions occurred principally in young (18-39 years old) females (P < 0.0001). Reinke's edema was found in older (> 39 years old) women (P < 0.012). Polyps, contact lesions, leukoplakia (all P < 0.0001), and sulcus (P < 0.0002) were found predominantly in men. Certain benign mucosal lesions are strongly associated with age and especially with gender. These differences may be explained by intrinsic differences in laryngeal anatomy and phonatory physiology in these groups, including differences in phonatory frequency and air pressure, and in the ability of the membranous vocal fold to withstand phonotrauma. Such inherent differences have implications for treatment expectations and approaches.

Incidence of underlying laryngeal pathology in patients initially diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux

To characterize the videoendoscopic laryngeal findings in patients with a prior established diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) as the sole etiology for their chief complaint of hoarseness. We hypothesized that many, if not all, of these patients would present with discrete laryngeal pathology, divergent from LPR. Prospective, nonintervention. Patients presenting to a tertiary laryngology practice with an established diagnosis of LPR as the sole etiology of their hoarseness were included. All subjects completed the Voice Handicap Index and Reflux Symptom Index, in addition to a questionnaire regarding their reflux diagnosis and prior treatment. Laryngoscopic examinations were reviewed by the laryngologist caring for the patients. Reliability of findings was assessed by interpretation of videoendoscopic findings by three outside laryngologists not involved in the care of the patients. Laryngeal pathology distinct from LPR was identified in all 21 patients felt to be causative of the chief complaint of dysphonia. Specifically, the most common findings were benign mucosal lesions and vocal fold paresis (29% each), followed by muscle tension dysphonia (14%). Two patients were found to have vocal fold leukoplakia, of which one was confirmed to be a microinvasive carcinoma upon removal. LPR may be overdiagnosed; other etiologies must be considered for patients with hoarseness who fail empiric LPR treatment. 4.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy in head and neck cancer

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel, noninvasive technique used to obtain microanatomical images of the inner lining of hollow organs. It has been used in a variety of clinical specialties to aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning of inflammatory and neoplastic processes. Our intent is to provide an up-to-date review of the literature in the setting of head and neck diseases as well as describing our own initial results and areas of future research. With increasing experience using CLE in the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), evidence is mounting that this method can be a useful adjunct to standard endoscopy and other diagnostic techniques. Recent publications have shown that by using CLE, microanatomical structures of healthy and diseased mucosa can easily be identified, allowing for a differentiation of dysplastic/neoplastic and benign mucosal lesions. Standardized diagnostic protocols as well as clinically relevant classification systems for the UADT have not yet been described. CLE is an imaging modality that allows real-time visualization of mucosal cellular architecture and other histologic characteristics. First reports on its use in the UADT have yielded promising results, but the true value of this method is yet to be determined.

Diagnosis value of staining endoscopy for malignant and benign erosive mucosal lesions

Objective To analyze the diagnosis effect of staining endoscopy for malignant and benign erosive mucosal lesions.Methods We chose 142 cases in digestion Department of internal medicine of our hospital who were diagnosed as gastrointestinal erosive mucosal lesions according to clinical pathology,all patients had abdominal dull pain,indigestion and other typical symptoms,they were randomly divided into the use of staining endoscopy patients in observation group and normal endoscopic examination of the patients in the control group with 71 cases in each.Patients in the control group used conventional endoscopic examination, in the focus and mucosal 4-6 block submission the observation group in the conventional endoscopic detection of suspicious lesions,using physiological saline to gastric mucosa cleaning,spraying gun through the hole into the biopsy of stomach,with 0.2％ indigo carmine 25 ml in suspicious lesions,mucosal 4-6 block.Results Among the observation group and the control group patients,there were no statistical difference (P＞ 0.05) in general information such as sex,age,course of disease,the patients in the observation group of endoscopic examination in the diagnosis was correct in 95.8％,significantly higher than that of control group (84.5％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Staining endoscopy can significantly improve the erosive mucosal lesions in patients with clinical diagnosis rate,for the development of rational treatment and to provide the basis for the best treatment time. Key words: Staining endoscopy; Erosive mucosal lesions; Diagnosis

Benign Mucosal Fold Lesion as a Cause of Hoarseness of Voice - A Clinical Study

Hoarseness of voice is a common disorder seen in day to day practice of Otorhinolaryngologist. Although, occasionally it can be a symptom of underlying malignancy, there are a variety of benign lesions causing the same. We analyzed a total number of 100 patients with history of hoarseness of voice for at least six months in whom the cause of hoarseness was the presence of a benign vocal fold lesion. Malignancies, vocal cord paralysis and Neurological lesions were excluded from the study. We found that vocal nodules were the commonest benign mucosal vocal fold lesion, (37% patients); followed by vocal polyps in 26%, LPR 23%, Reinke’s edema in 4%, intracordal cyst in 4%, contact ulcer in 3%, saccular cyst in 2% and papillomatosis in 1% of the patients.