Benign Breast Lumps Research Articles

Multimodal analysis of methylation and fragmentomic profiles in plasma cell free DNA for differentiation of benign and malignant breast tumors.

7 Background: Breast cancer ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. Early detection of breast cancer is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates. Liquid biopsy, which relies on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shed by breast tumors into the bloodstream, presents a promising non-invasive approach for early breast cancer detection. However, accurately distinguishing between benign breast abnormalities and malignant tumors remains a significant clinical challenge, as misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary invasive procedures. Methods: Herein, we employed a multimodal analysis approach, namely SPOT-MAS (Screen for the Presence of Tumor by DNA Methylation and Size), to profile alterations in methylation and fragment length patterns of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 169 breast cancer-confirmed patients and 99 patients diagnosed with benign breast lumps including cysts, fibroadenomas, and fibrocystic changes. A robust machine learning model was constructed using these signatures to differentiate between breast cancer patients and individuals with benign lesions. Results: Our genome-wide analyses identified distinct profiles of methylation changes, copy number alterations, and end motifs in cfDNA, enabling discrimination between breast cancer patients and individuals with benign conditions. Notably, we observed a significant enrichment of Thymine and Adenine at cfDNA cleavage sites in breast cancer patients. Moreover, our target sequencing analyses uncovered distinct methylation patterns in the regulatory regions of multiple genes, including hypermethylation in GPR126 or hypomethylation in TOP1 or MAFB in breast cancer cfDNA. Our multi-featured model achieved an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88–0.97), a specificity of 97.44% and sensitivities of 57.14% and 61.70% for stage I and stage II–III patients, respectively. Furthermore, our multimodal assay effectively differentiated multiple molecular subtypes of breast tumors from benign lesions, achieving the highest sensitivity of 71.43% with Luminal A, followed by Luminal B, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), Luminal B-HER2, and HER2 with sensitivities of 66.67%, 60%, 58.33% and 55.56%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the potential of cancer-specific methylation and fragmentomic patterns in plasma cfDNA as novel biomarkers for accurately discriminating between breast cancer and benign lesions. This capability reduces the false-positive rate and helps avoid unnecessary biopsies in current clinical practice.

Clinical effectiveness of transaxillary single-port endoscopic surgery in the treatment of breast benign tumor.

Benign breast lumps affect 10% of women in their lifetimes. Endoscopic surgery could be an alternative surgical technique for benign breast tumors because it is performed through small wounds hidden in inconspicuous areas. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and esthetic effects of endoscopic surgery in the treatment of benign breast disease. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 363 patients with benign breast tumors from August 2021 to December 2023 in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, of whom 118 underwent transaxillary single-port endoscopic surgery and 245 underwent traditional open surgery. Clinicopathologic characteristics, surgery type, hospital stay, and complications were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the procedure for benign breast tumors. Breast tumor resection was successfully performed in 363 patients by endoscopic surgery or traditional open surgery. Endoscopic procedures demonstrated longer durations of surgery (98.54±35.17min vs. 70.28±26.06min, p<0.01) and postoperative drainage (64.30±34.92mL vs.18.49±19.86mL, p<0.01), but there was less blood loss. The nipple-areolar complex of the patients who underwent endoscopic resection was significantly more sensitive than the traditional open surgery group. Patients in the endoscopic group reported higher satisfaction with surgical outcome (13.10±1.97 vs. 12.63±1.90, p<0.01). And there was a significant difference in the wound scar and cosmetic outcome total score between the two groups. Transaxillary single-port endoscopic surgery is effective and safe and improves postoperative nipple-areolar sensation and cosmetic outcome, as compared to the conventional technique.

Assessing the Accuracy of Ultrasonography and Biopsy Necessity in the Management of Breast Lumps in Women Less than 40 Years

Abstract Background: Following recommended guidelines, palpable breast lumps in young women should be subjected to clinical–radiologic evaluation and tissue diagnosis where necessary. However, in our local practice, most benign breast lumps are also subjected to excision biopsy. Ultrasonography is the modality of choice in the evaluation of palpable breast lumps in young women. Aim: This study aims to determine the accuracy of ultrasonography and the necessity of tissue biopsy in the management of palpable breast lumps in women less than 40 years of age and to determine lesions that can safely be managed conservatively based on histological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 87 adult females who had breast US and biopsy for palpable breast lumps in a tertiary healthcare center over a period of 10 months (July 2020–May 2021). Results: The age range of the women was 18–39 years (mean 27.9 ± 7.09 years). Benign lesions were noted in 86.2% of patients. No malignancy was detected in women &lt; 25 years. Ultrasonography had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 100%, 93.4%, 70.6%, 100%, and 94.3%, respectively, in differentiating benign from malignant breast lumps following tissue diagnosis. Conclusion: Ultrasonography and tissue biopsy are vital in the evaluation of breast lumps in women less than 40 years of age. Most (86.2%) of the lumps were benign, and no malignancy was detected in women &lt; 25 years. The high accuracy of ultrasonography in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions suggests the need for conservative management of benign lumps in young women.

Implementation and development of endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer

To review the development of endoscopic techniques in breast surgery, focusing on their use in benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer, and also summarize the development and application of these techniques in China, highlighting promotion and homogenization challenges and future directions. A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted to trace the historical evolution, clinical applications, and related research of endoscopic techniques in breast surgery, emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer. Endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer have improved patients' postoperative psychological health and quality of life, particularly in scar-free surgery. However, challenges such as limited intraoperative visibility and prolonged surgery time lead to controversy in clinical practice. Despite significant advancements, endoscopic techniques in breast surgery also face challenges. Future efforts should focus on technological improvements and clinical research to address these issues, promoting widespread application and standardization. The key to future development lies in the promotion and homogenization of these technologies.

Detection of Breast Lumps with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: Experience of 50 Cases in Bangladesh

Background: Detection of breast lump is very crucial. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of FNAC as a diagnostic method for breast lump. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted among 50 women with breast lump at Popular Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Ad-Din Barrister Rafique Ul Huq Hospital, Dhaka during the period of November 2021 to April 2022. This study was conducted using convenient type of non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected by face to face interview, clinical examination and findings of both cytological and histopathological examination. Results: The study revealed the most benign breast lesion (89.45%) were below the age of 40 years and most of the breast cancer (91.2%) were above the age of 40 years. The study showed that 29 cases (58.0%) were diagnosed as benign clinically but cytologically 30(60.0%) cases were benign. Clinically 14(27.0%) cases were malignant but cytologically 13(26.0%) cases malignant. Clinical diagnosis of 8(7.5%) cases were uncertain, whereas cytologically 2(4.0%) cases were suspicious of malignancy and 1(2.0%) case was atypical. The comparison study between cyological and final histopathological diagnosis showed that out of 28 benign lesions diagnosed cytologically among which only 2 cases were found malignant histologically like false negative 2 (7.20%). 13 malignant cases were diagnosed cytologically which were confirmed histologically like no false positive was found. The study found that sensitivity of FNAC 85.3% of the presence of breast cancer and specificity 100.0% for absence of breast cancer. They also showed that the negative predictive value of FNAC for benign breast lump was 93.5% and positive predictive value for malignant breast lump was 100.0% and the overall diagnostic accuracy was 95.40%. Conclusion: In conclusion, FNAC can be used as a diagnostic method in the management of breast lump which has reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, July 2023;10(2):65-69

A prospective cross-sectional observational comparative study: evaluating palpable breast lumps through comparative analysis of sonomammography breast imaging reporting and data system scores and fine needle aspiration cytology

This study protocol outlines a prospective cross-sectional observational investigation aimed at assessing the correlation between Sonomammography Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scores and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) findings in diagnosing benign and malignant palpable breast lumps among patients admitted to AVBRH. The primary objective is to understand the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and Sonomammography BI-RADS scoring in identifying breast lumps’ nature. Four specific objectives guide this study: 1) To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC; 2) To evaluate the diagnostic precision of Sonomammography BI-RADS scores; 3) To compare the diagnostic outcomes of sonomammography and FNAC with HPE, and 4) To examine the age-wise distribution of benign and malignant palpable breast diseases. The study will be conducted at AVBRH, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, over three years, commencing in June 2022. The anticipated findings from this study will significantly contribute to refining the diagnostic strategies for palpable breast lumps, enhancing patient care and decision-making.

Association of Overweight and Inflammatory Indicators with Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Women.

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association of overweight and inflammatory indicators with breast cancer risk in Chinese patients. Weight, height, and peripheral blood inflammatory indicators, including white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NE), lymphocyte count (LY), platelet count (PLT) and the concentration of hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), were collected in 383 patients with benign breast lumps (non-cancer) and 358 patients with malignant breast tumors (cancer) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China, from March 2018 to July 2020. Body mass index (BMI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were determined according to the ratio equation. The correlations among overweight, inflammatory indicators, and the proportion of non-cancer or cancer cases were analyzed. BMI is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Compared with non-cancer patients, the average WBC count, NE count, NLR, and level of hsCRP were significantly higher in cancer patients. The level of hsCRP was closely associated with the size of malignant breast tumors. We conclude that overweight and high levels of hsCRP may serve as putative risk factors for malignant breast tumors in Chinese women.

Clinical and histological characteristics of breast lumps: A 20-year single private sector tertiary care center experience

Background and objective: The presence of a breast lump is an alarming experience. This is because of the growing awareness of breast cancer among the public. Therefore, a comprehensive diagnosis of breast lumps is vital. This study aims to identify the clinical and histological characteristics of breast lumps of patients presenting to a tertiary care center in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Methods: This 20 year, retrospective study analyzed the clinical and histological characteristics of all patients with breast lumps who were admitted only to Nawaloka Hospital, Colombo from 2003 to 2023. Data were retrieved through past medical records and a computer-based health information system from Nawaloka Hospital. A general surgeon analyzed all the records. The records were analyzed with relation to demographics, presenting symptoms, presence of a lump or mass, and histological diagnosis. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of breast lumps in a selected sample of patients who were admitted with breast lumps to a single private sector tertiary care hospital. Ethical clearance was granted. No conflict of interest. Results: Total of 352 patients had breast lumps [female-342 (97.1%): male-10(2.9%)]. Data from 342 female and 10 male patients who were admitted with breast lumps or masses were analyzed. There were 252 /352 self-referrals, 60 / 352 referrals were from general practitioners and 40 / 352 were referred following screening. Most females were 21 to 50 years (n=219, 64%). Ninety-seven per cent of the female patients had palpable breast lumps. Most males with breast lumps were in the age group of 51-60 years. Males had relatively larger lumps (&gt; 2cm, 80%) at the time of their presentation. In both genders, the most common quadrant for occurrence of breast lumps was the upper outer quadrant (F: 55% &amp; M: 60%). Fibroadenoma was the commonest variety of lump in both sexes (F: 49% &amp; M: 60%). However, most males who presented with breast lumps were found to have breast cancer (M: 40% vs. F: 10%). Histologically, invasive carcinoma of no specific type (NST) was the most common type (M: 75% &amp; F: 63%). Thirty-five female patients had carcinoma, ten were below the age of 50 years, and two were in their early 30s. Conclusion: Our study sample showed that most of the patients were females. The most common benign breast lump was fibroadenoma and the malignant variant was invasive carcinoma of no specific type (NST). Furthermore, it showed that at the time of presentations males had larger breast lumps with and raised percentage of malignant breast lumps.

Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Metabolic Changes in the Serum of Breast Lump Patients Among Kelantanese Based on 1H NMR Metabolomics

This case-control study, conducted at the Hospital USM BestARi unit, aimed to identify the serum metabolic fingerprint among individuals with breast lumps and healthy controls, and to discover potential biomarkers. Serum samples from healthy controls, benign breast lump patients, and malignant breast lump patients were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). A multivariate data analysis approach was employed, with the OPLS-DA and clustered heat map techniques effectively differentiating between the three groups. The study revealed significant metabolite variations across the groups and proposed D-glucose, glycerol, and glycine as potential biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis. Metabolic pathways such as alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were implicated. The metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate analysis successfully identified key metabolites leading to group separation and suggested altered metabolic pathways. However, further research and integration with other ‘omics’ technologies are necessary for clinical translation.

Surgical profile of patients with of benign breast disease at a tertiary care centre: A hospital based retrospective study

Benign Breast Diseases, though more frequently responsible for bringing the patient to the doctor, have not found many places in good recent researches. Benign lesions of the breast have assumed increasing importance in recent years because of the public awareness of breast cancer. These benign lumps are a recognized important risk factor for later breast cancer.To study the surgical profile of patient with benign breast diseaseThis retrospective study was conducted at ESIC medical college and Hospital Gulbarga, India. Study conducted after approval of Scientific committee and Ethical committee. Records of all patients undergoing breast surgery from the period March 2016 to March 2021 were analysed, and age, sex, laterality, diagnosis and surgery performed were noted.The most common type of benign breast disease was fibroadenoma in 58.4% of the cases. The most common age group affected was 21-30 years seen in 60.3% of the cases. Right side was most commonly affected in 57.3% of the cases. Benign breast disease as expected is more common in females (98.7%) compared to males who had only eight cases. Most common type of surgery performed was excision in all cases except for duct ectasia in which case microdochtecomy was performed. Circumareolar type of incision was most commonly used in all cases.Fibroadenoma was most common type of benign breast disease affecting 21-30 years of age commonly and right side. Excision remains the most commonly performed surgery for benign breast disease. Most of benign breast lumps surgery was done using circumareolar incision.

A Comparative Study between Silver Impregnated Hydrofiber Dressing Verses Silver Sulfadiazine Dressing in the Non-Operative Management of Omphalocele

Background: Breast lump is one of the most common surgical problems in female. Many diagnostic modalities available for the evaluation of breast lump. For several years, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was the most practiced method for the pathological diagnosis of breast lump specially differentiation of benign from malignant. The advent of Trucut biopsy in the new millennium has resulted in many surgeons switching to Trucut biopsy since it provides a sufficient amount of tissue for pathologists to make an accurate histological diagnosis. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC findings in comparison to Trucut biopsy for evaluation of breast lump. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Surgery of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh. Patients with a breast lump were enrolled by purposive sampling during July, 2018 to June, 2019. All the patients were assessed by FNAC and Trucut biopsy. Final diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathology. A pre-formed semi-structured, case record form was prepared which was used to collect data. Data analysis was done by SPSS Version 23. Results: The mean age was found 41.4±10.6 years with range from 24 to 68 years. Clinical examination revealed suspicious for malignancy 52(61.9%) patients and 32(38.1%) in benign. In FNAC diagnosis, benign breast lump was found 39(46.4%), suspicious malignant cell was 10(11.9%) and malignant was 35(41.7%). In trucut biopsy, 48(57.1%) patients were found in malignant and 36(42.9%) in benign tumor. In histopathological diagnosis, 49(58.3%) patients were found in malignant and 35(41.7%) in benign tumor. 49 cases were malignant breast lump evaluated by histopathological diagnosis, out of which 41(83.7%) cases were suspicious for malignancy evaluated by clinical findings, 43(87.8%) cases were malignant breast lump evaluated by FNAC diagnosis and 47(95.9%) cases were ..........

Retracted: Effect of Intensive Psychological Care on Patients with Benign Breast Lumps after Mammotome‐Assisted Tumor Resection

Retracted: Effect of Intensive Psychological Care on Patients with Benign Breast Lumps after Mammotome‐Assisted Tumor Resection

An evaluation of the readability and visual appearance of online patient resources for fibroadenoma.

Fibroadenomas are benign lesions found in the breast tissue. Widespread access to and use of the internet has resulted in more individuals using online resources to better understand health conditions, their prognosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the readability and visual appearance of online patient resources for fibroadenoma. We searched GoogleTM, BingTM and YahooTM on 6 July 2022 using the search terms "fibroadenoma", "breast lumps", "non-cancerous breast lumps", "benign breast lumps" and "benign breast lesions" to identify the top ten websites that appeared on each of the search engines. We excluded advertised websites, links to individual pdf documents and links to blogs/chats. We compiled a complete list of websites identified using the three search engines and the search terms and analysed the content. We only selected pages that were relevant to fibroadenoma. We excluded pages which only contained contact details and no narrative information relating to the condition. We did not assess information where links were directed to alternative websites. We undertook a qualitative visual assessment of each of the websites using a framework of pre-determined key criteria based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services toolkit. This involved assessing characteristics such as overall design, page layout, font size and colour. Each criterion was scored as: +1- criterion achieved; -1- criterion not achieved; and 0- no evidence, unclear or not applicable (maximum total score 43). We then assessed the readability of each website to determine the UK and US reading age using five different readability tests: Flesch Kincaid, Gunning Fog, Coleman Liau, SMOG, and the Automated Readability Index. We compared the readability scores to determine if there were any significant differences across the websites identified. We also generated scores for the Flesh Reading Ease as well as information about sentence structure (number of syllables per sentence and proportion of words with a high number of syllables) and proportion of people the text was readable to. We identified 39 websites for readability and visual assessment. The visual assessment scores for the 39 websites identified ranged from -19 to 31 points out of a possible score of 43. The median readability score for the identified websites was 8.58 (age 14-15), with a range of 6.69-12.22 (age 12-13 to university level). There was a statistically significant difference between the readability scores obtained across websites (p<0.001). Almost half of the websites (18/39; 46.2%) were classified as very difficult by the Flesch Reading Ease score, with only 13/39 (33.33%) classified as being fairly easy or plain English. We found wide differences in the general appearance, layout and focus of the fibroadenoma websites identified. The readability of most of the websites was also much higher than the recommended level for the public to understand. Fibroadenoma website information needs to be simplified to reduce the use of jargon and specificity to the condition for individuals to better comprehend it. In addition, their visual appearance could be improved by changing the layout and including images and diagrams.

Factors leading to delayed and challenging presentation of benign breast lumps in young females.

A delayed presentation of benign breast diseases may lead to a therapeutic challenge when they enlarge enormously or become multiple. Aim of this study was to evaluate the factors leading to delayed presentation of benign breast lumps. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Madinah Teaching Hospital and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from January 2019 to October 2021. One hundred and forty five female patients were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Patients with large size (>5cm) or multiple benign breast lumps were included. An interview was conducted using structured questionnaire translated in Urdu. Factors leading to delayed presentation and social impact scale for stigma were evaluated. Patients had a mean age of 26.52 ± 6.90 years. The average delay of seeking medical care was 8.48 ± 8.41 months. Factors leading to delayed presentation were; lack of knowledge n=112 (77.2%) and parda (religious issues) n=112 (77.2%), followed by poverty n=109 (75.2%), and fear of cancer n=90 (62.1%). All the sub-scales of stigma, i.e., social rejection, financial insecurity, internalized shame and social isolation were high in late presenters, though, only financial insecurity was significantly high in late presenters (p=0.03). Lack of awareness, socioeconomic factors and disease related stigma were the main factors related to delayed presentation in young females with benign breast diseases. Addressing these factors may improve timely diagnosis and management of delayed and challenging cases.

Fibroadenoma: a guide for junior clinicians.

Fibroadenoma is the most common cause of benign breast lumps and is typically seen in women under the age of 40 years. Fibroadenomas are classified as simple, complex, giant, myxoid or juvenile. They present as smooth, rubbery, mobile masses on palpation. Ultrasonographic and mammographic features typical of fibroadenomas include solid, round, well-circumscribed masses, with or without lobulated features. They are predominantly treated conservatively although clinical pathways recommend referral for triple assessment. Surgical intervention is indicated by the presence of one or more of the following features: the presence of symptoms, a diameter greater than 2 cm, rapid growth rate, complex features, disease recurrence or patient anxiety.

A Study of AgNOR Scores on FNAC of Breast Lumps and Its Correlation with Histopathological Grading

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers in women both in developed and developing countries. Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) are loops of DNA related to protein synthesis and ribosomal activity. Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (AgNOR) counts act as a reliable cell proliferative marker as they aid in identifying cell proliferation activity and aggressiveness of a lesion, and thereby helps in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions.&#x0D; Aim: To evaluate the role of AgNOR count in differentiating benign and malignant breast lumps.&#x0D; Methods: All breast lump specimens collected for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and histopathology, for a period of one year, were included in the study. A total of 69 specimens were included. All FNAC and histopathology slides were stained with AgNOR stain, and the score was recorded.&#x0D; Result: A total of 69 cases were studied, both non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions. All FNAC cases correlated histologically. Out of the 69 cases, 38 were malignant. The mean AgNOR counts in non-neoplastic, benign and malignant breast lesions were found to be 2.19, 2.88 and 5.94 respectively (p&lt;0.05). Other parameters such as proliferative AgNOR index, AgNOR size variation, AgNOR distribution within the nucleus and the Subjective AgNOR Pattern Assessment (SAPA) scores also showed statistically significant difference between benign and malignant lesions.&#x0D; Conclusion: AgNOR scores showed good correlation in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions, they can be used as a reliable tool to aid in the diagnosis.

Effect of Intensive Psychological Care on Patients with Benign Breast Lumps after Mammotome-Assisted Tumor Resection.

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of intensive psychological care on patients with benign breast lumps after Mammotome-assisted tumor resection. Methods A total of 160 patients with benign breast lumps diagnosed and treated in our hospital between May 2019 and January 2021 were recruited and divided into a study group (n = 80) and a control group (n = 80) via the random number table method. All patients received Mammotome-assisted tumor resection. Patients in the control group received conventional nursing, and those in the study group received intensive psychological care. The outcome measure included quality of life of patients, psychological states, treatment compliance, and nursing satisfaction. Results The differences in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scores, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores, and Morisky scores between the two groups were not significant before the intervention (p > 0.05). The FACT-G scores improved in both groups after the intervention, with higher results in the study group than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Patients in the study group showed a significantly greater reduction in the SAS and HAMD scores than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Intensive psychological care used in the study group resulted in significantly higher compliance scores in the body mass control, medication compliance, exercise compliance, and dietary compliance versus conventional care for the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Intensive psychological care provides satisfactory outcomes in patients with benign breast lumps after Mammotome-assisted tumor resection. It effectively improves the quality of life of patients, relieves their negative emotions, and strengthens treatment compliance and patient satisfaction, which shows good potential for clinical promotion.

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC with histopathology in benign and malignant breast lumps

A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in which the cytological diagnosis of palpable lesion of breast was compared with histopathological diagnosis to see the accuracy of cytology for both benign and neoplastic lumps in breast. A total number of 101 fine needle aspiration cytology was performed over a period of two years in cases of breast lump. The cytological and histological correlation was found in 51 cases (50%) out of 101cases. The commonest benign lesion was fibroadenoma, which was noted in age group of 15-35 years and the commonst malignant lesion was infiltrating ductal carcinoma, which was noted in the age group of 50-70 years. Thus the present study revealed that FNAC had Sensitivity of 50%, Specificity of 100%, Positive predictive value 100%, Negative predictive value 95.9% and the overall accuracy of the study was 96.1%.

The Role of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Fibroadenomas: A Systematic Review.

Fibroadenomas are solid, mobile, and non-tender benign breast lumps, with highest prevalence amongst young women aged between 15 and 35. Symptoms can include discomfort, and they can become problematic, particularly when they enlarge, resulting in many referrals for biopsies, with fibroadenomas accounting for 30-75% of the cases. Diagnosis is based on triple assessment that involves a clinical examination, ultrasound imaging, and mammography, as well as core needle biopsies. Current management includes observation for 6-12 months, with the indication of definitive surgery, in cases that are older than 35 years or with fibroadenoma persistence. Serious adverse effects of surgery might include nipple areolar distortion, scarring, and damage to the breast tissue, as well as the risks associated with surgery and anesthesia, making it a non-feasible option. A literature search was performed on the databases Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid for English language papers published between January 1, 2000, and March 17, 2021. A structured protocol was employed to devise a comprehensive search strategy with keywords and Boolean operators defined by the research question. The keywords used for the search were "HIFU", "High Intensity Focused Ultrasound," "Fibroadenoma," "Breast," "Lesion." This review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Recently, a thermal ablative technique, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), was found to be a safe, noninvasive, and technically successful alternative, having displayed promising outcomes in reducing the volume of fibroadenomas, pain experienced by patients, and the length of hospitalization. Quality of life improvement was also evidenced, exhibited by the disappearance of symptoms, and enhanced physical activity post-intervention, in addition to patients' satisfaction with the cosmetic results and future recommendation of the procedure to other patients. Overall, HIFU is a well-tolerated treatment associated, with low risk of complications, that can potentially include erythema, skin discoloration, and bruising with the majority of these self-resolving shortly after the procedure.

Association of Paraoxonase 1 Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Breast Fibroadenoma and Breast Cancer in the Females of Guangxi, China.

Fibroadenoma of the breast is a common cause of a benign breast lump in premenopausal women. The consensus view is that women with fibroadenomas are not at significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer. The objective of this research was to explore the association of PON1 rs662 and rs705382 with the risk of breast fibroadenoma (BF) and breast cancer (BC) in the females of Guangxi in southern China. The PON1 rs662 and rs705382 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 55 BF patients, 80 BC patients, and 98 healthy controls. Significant associations with FB and BC risks were observed for the rs662 SNP. Diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical examination, imaging, and nonsurgical tissue biopsy (the triple test) [21]. In haplotype analyses, the haplotype GA increases the risk and haploid GG decreases the risk in BF and BC. Our research indicated that the PON1 rs662 SNP might be a risk factor for BF and BC. The results of this research indicated that the locus of rs662 in PON1 is relevant to risk of developing BF and BC in the females of Guangxi. Further prospective studies are needed to support our conclusions.