Benefits Of Vaginal Birth Research Articles

Women’s preference for a vaginal birth in Brazilian private hospitals: effects of a quality improvement project

BackgroundIn 2015, a quality improvement project called “Adequate Childbirth Project” (PPA) was implemented in Brazilian private hospitals in order to reduce cesarean sections without clinical indication. The PPA is structured in four components, one of which is directed at women and families. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of PPA on women’s preference for vaginal birth (VB) at the end of pregnancy.MethodsEvaluative research conducted in 12 private hospitals participating in the PPA. Interviews were carried out in the immediate postpartum period and medical record data were collected at hospital discharge. The implementation of PPA activities and women’s preference for type of birth at the beginning and end of pregnancy were compared in women assisted in the PPA model of care and in the standard of care model, using a chi-square statistical test. To estimate the effect of PPA on women’s preference for VB at the end of pregnancy, multiple logistic regression was performed with selection of variables using a causal diagram.ResultsFour thousand seven hundred ninety-eight women were interviewed. The implementation of the planned activities of PPA was less than 50%, but were significantly more frequent among women assisted in the PPA model of care. Women in this group also showed a greater preference for VB at the beginning and end of pregnancy. The PPA showed an association with greater preference for VB at the end of pregnancy in primiparous (OR 2.54 95% CI 1.99–3.24) and multiparous women (OR 1.44 95% CI 0.97–2.12), although in multiparous this association was not significant. The main factor associated with the preference for VB at the end of pregnancy was the preference for this type of birth at the beginning of pregnancy, both in primiparous (OR 18.67 95% CI 14.22–24.50) and in multiparous women (OR 53.11 95% CI 37.31–75.60).ConclusionsThe PPA had a positive effect on women’s preference for VB at the end of pregnancy. It is plausible that more intense effects are observed with the expansion of the implementation of the planned activities. Special attention should be given to information on the benefits of VB in early pregnancy.

Disclosure and consent: ensuring the ethical provision of information regarding childbirth

Ethical medical care of pregnant women in Australia should include the real provision of information regarding the risks and benefits of vaginal birth. Routinely obtaining consent for the different ways...

'No to unnecessary caesarean sections': Evaluation of a mass-media campaign on women's knowledge, attitude and intention for mode of delivery.

Improvement of women's knowledge and attitude toward vaginal birth is recognized as an important strategy to control caesarean sections (CS) on maternal request. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mass-media campaign in improving knowledge, attitude and intention of women for vaginal birth. This was a population-based study carried out in Tehran, Iran. A national 'No to unnecessary caesarean sections' campaign was launched in April 2016 and was televised for ten days. A random sample of pregnant women from all defined geographical areas of Tehran were recruited and assessed for knowledge about the benefits of vaginal birth and the risk of CS, attitude and intention toward mode of delivery at two points in time: before and after the campaign. A comparison was made to evaluate outcome measures among those who had seen the campaign and those who had not. In all, 37 public and private maternity care centers were selected randomly and 702 eligible pregnant women attending these centers were entered in the study. Pre- and post-intervention data for 466 women were available for analysis. Of these, 194 women indicated that they had seen the campaign and the remaining 272 women said that they had not. A comparison of the outcome measures between the two study groups showed that there were significant differences between those who had seen the campaign and those who had not. Those who had seen the campaign reported increased knowledge, had a more positive attitude and indicated increased behavioral intention toward vaginal birth. In general, the findings indicated that the mass-media campaign improved pregnant women's knowledge, attitude and intention towards vaginal birth. However, the long-term effects of such campaigns need further investigation.

Preference for cesarean section in young nulligravid women in eight OECD countries and implications for reproductive health education

BackgroundEfforts to reduce unnecessary Cesarean sections (CS) in high and middle income countries have focused on changing hospital cultures and policies, care provider attitudes and behaviors, and increasing women’s knowledge about the benefits of vaginal birth. These strategies have been largely ineffective. Despite evidence that women have well-developed preferences for mode of delivery prior to conceiving their first child, few studies and no interventions have targeted the next generation of maternity care consumers. The objectives of the study were to identify how many women prefer Cesarean section in a hypothetical healthy pregnancy, why they prefer CS and whether women report knowledge gaps about pregnancy and childbirth that can inform educational interventions.MethodsData was collected via an online survey at colleges and universities in 8 OECD countries (Australia, Canada, Chile, England, Germany, Iceland, New Zealand, United States) in 2014/2015. Childless young men and women between 18 and 40 years of age who planned to have at least one child in the future were eligible to participate. The current analysis is focused on the attitudes of women (n = 3616); rates of CS preference across countries are compared, using a standardized cohort of women aged 18–25 years, who were born in the survey country and did not study health sciences (n = 1390).ResultsOne in ten young women in our study preferred CS, ranging from 7.6% in Iceland to 18.4% in Australia. Fear of uncontrollable labor pain and fear of physical damage were primary reasons for preferring a CS. Both fear of childbirth and preferences for CS declined as the level of confidence in women’s knowledge of pregnancy and birth increased.ConclusionEducation sessions delivered online, through social media, and face-to-face using drama and stories told by peers (young women who have recently had babies) or celebrities could be designed to maximize young women’s capacity to understand the physiology of labor and birth, and the range of methods available to support them in coping with labor pain and to minimize invasive procedures, therefore reducing fear of pain, bodily damage, and loss of control. The most efficacious designs and content for such education for young women and girls remains to be tested in future studies.

How to give a C-section baby the potential benefits of vaginal birth

How to give a C-section baby the potential benefits of vaginal birth

Mode of childbirth in low-risk pregnancies: Nicaraguan physicians' viewpoints.

To explore attitudes of physicians attending births in the public and private sectors and at the managerial level toward cesarean birth in Nicaragua. A qualitative study was conducted consisting of four focus groups with 17 physicians and nine in-depth interviews with decision-makers. Although study participants listed many advantages of vaginal birth and disadvantages of cesarean birth, they perceived that the increase in the cesarean birth rate in Nicaragua has resulted in a reduction in perinatal morbidity and mortality. They ascribed high cesarean birth rates to a web of interrelated provider, patient, and health system factors. They identified five actions that would facilitate a reduction in the number of unnecessary cesarean operations: establishing standards and protocols; preparing women and their families for labor and childbirth; incorporating cesarean birth rate monitoring and audit systems into quality assurance activities at the facility level; strengthening the movement to humanize birth; and promoting community-based interventions to educate women and families about the benefits of vaginal birth. Study participants believe that by performing cesarean operations they are providing the best quality of care feasible within their context. They do not perceive problems with their current practice. The identified causes of unnecessary cesarean operations in Nicaragua are multifactorial, so it appears that a multi-layered strategy is needed to safely reduce cesarean birth rates. The recent Nicaraguan Ministry of Health guidance to promote parto humanizado ("humanization of childbirth") could serve as the basis for a collaborative effort among health care professionals, government, and consumer advocates to reduce the number of unnecessary cesarean births in Nicaragua.

Previous Cesarean Delivery: Understanding and Satisfaction with Mode of Delivery in a Subsequent Pregnancy in Patients Participating in a Formal Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Counseling Program

The objective of this study was to determine patient satisfaction with delivery experience in a pregnancy subsequent to primary cesarean and to evaluate knowledge about a trial of labor after cesarean in patients enrolled in a formal vaginal birth after cesarean educational program. During a 12-month period, women with a history of cesarean delivery who were participating in a formal counseling program regarding the risks and benefits of vaginal birth after cesarean were surveyed in the antepartum and postpartum periods. Patient demographics, past birth experience, understanding of the risks and benefits of vaginal birth after cesarean, pregnancy outcomes, and ratings of satisfaction and recovery following the current delivery were collected. Patients were divided into four groups depending on their mode of delivery in the current pregnancy: group 1 succeeded at vaginal birth, group 2 underwent repeat cesarean in labor, group 3 delivered by cesarean before labor, and group 4 chose repeat cesarean. Ninety-five patients enrolled in the study. There were 26 patients in group 1, 18 patients in group 2, 16 patients in group 3, and 35 patients in group 4. The four groups had significant differences in patient satisfaction following the current delivery compared with the previous cesarean delivery ( p = 0.001). The patients who had a successful trial of labor exhibited the largest median change in score. The patients who delivered by cesarean during labor had the smallest median change in score. Nonetheless, 92% of these patients were pleased that they had attempted a vaginal birth. When questioned about the risks associated with a trial of labor after cesarean delivery, 92% of postpartum patients answered all questions correctly. Patients participating in a formal counseling program exhibit a high level of understanding about the risks and benefits of a trial of labor. Although the most satisfied patients were those who succeeded at vaginal birth, most women valued the opportunity to attempt a vaginal birth regardless of outcome.

Should obstetricians support a 'term cephalic trial'?

Recent analyses of the published data suggest that the risks of elective Caesarean delivery in an uncomplicated pregnancy may not outweigh the benefits of vaginal birth by as much as has been supposed. Indeed, this balance may be so close that the place of elective Caesarean delivery of a term cephalic baby might be considered as a worthwhile subject of a randomised controlled trial. We discuss the potential consequences of such a trial and what effect it could have on obstetric practice.