Benefits Of Physical Activity Research Articles

Relationship of Self-Reported Physical Activity with Cognition in Middle- Aged Adults.

The increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive decline highlights the importance of physical activity for cognitive health. Regular exercise has been associated with improved mental health and reduced risk of cognitive decline. This study investigated the connection between self-reported physical activity and cognitive function in middle-aged adults. This cross-sectional study included 56 Indian adults aged 30-55, selected based on a health screening questionnaire. Participants reported their physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), which categorized them into low, moderate, and high activity levels. Cognitive functions, including visual memory, executive function, and attention, were assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Testing Battery (CANTAB). Results were statistically analyzed for relationships between cognitive domains and physical activity parameters using Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis. The study showed a significant positive correlation of attention with moderate and vigorous physical activity, while sedentary behavior negatively impacted attention. Linear regression showed that attention is affected by moderate-intensity activity whereas executive function and visual memory are affected by age. This study supports the view that moderate and vigorous intensity activities may positively affect attention in middle-aged adults highlighting the benefits of physical activity.

Physical activity and exercise health benefits: cancer prevention, interception, and survival.

Physical activity (PA) has an established role in the promotion of health and fitness and the prevention of disease. Expected overall benefits include reduction of all-cause morbidity and death, weight control, improved quality of life, improved bone health and decreased falls of elderly subjects, , deeper cognition, and reduced risk of depression, anxiety, and sleeplessness. Currently, PA is a mainstay in the management of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and bone health. Recently, the perception of its role in primary and secondary prevention, interception, and treatment of cancer, however, is also gaining importance. Regular walking, the simplest type of PA, is associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, and a role in cancer prevention is of increasing interest. Furthermore, PA improves the quality of life of cancer patients, attenuating side effects of chemotherapy, decreasing sarcopenia, increasing fitness, and inhibiting the recurrence and progression of some cancer types. It promotes emotional and psychological benefits in patients, inducing positive changes. While mechanisms, effective levels and useful amount of PA practice are well established in cardiology, they are yet to be fully determined in oncology. Nevertheless, PA is recommended to reduce cancer risk in the general population, and it has been introduced in programs for the prevention of second cancers. In perspective, it will help as integrative therapy in cancer patients and for cancer survivors. The number of beneficial effects in the cancer continuum is highlighted in this review.

The impact of online yoga on sleep and quality of life in women with breast cancer: a randomized trial.

There is growing evidence of the benefit of physical activity and mindfulness in breast cancer patients (HC et al. in BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017). Yoga offers a combination of both. The aim of this study was to establish an online yoga program for breast cancer patients and survivors. As the project was launched during the (COVID) pandemic restrictions, we intended to prove effective online yoga as a way to access supportive therapy independently of sanitary issues and geographic locations in rural regions. The two main outcomes were quality of life and sleep quality, and both were evaluated by standardized questionnaires (EORTC-QLQ 30 BR 23 and PSQI). Participants (n = 173) had breast cancer or a history of breast cancer and were randomized to either 6weeks online yoga, twice a week for 45min or a waiting control group. Our results show improved sleep quality in the PSQI score and improved subitems (dyspnea and physical activity) in the EORTC quality of life score. Online yoga seems to be a valid option in supportive therapy for breast cancer patients, as it improves physical fitness, dyspnea and overall sleep quality. It is also safe and cost effective as a remote intervention. Trial registration number and date of registration for prospectively registered trials: DRKS00029548, 07.07.2022.WHO International clinical trials registry platform number: DRKS00029548. The registration number of the ethical committee CAU in Kiel: D 589/20.

A Review on the Effects of Physical Activity and Curcumin Supplementation on the Toxicity of Disease Caused by Anthracyclines with a Review of Doxorubicin

Introduction: Today, cancer is known as one of the biggest public health problems and the second cause of death in the world, and due to its high prevalence, it is considered as one of the main health problems all over the world. There are many treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, to treat cancer in patients. Chemotherapy is actually the use of antineoplastic drugs alone or in combination with other drugs. Of course, these drugs can also damage the function of healthy cells and cause many side effects. Anthracyclines are one of the most widely class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and epirubicin are among the anthracycline drug group, the most widely used of which is doxorubicin, which causes cardiotoxicity in the patients undergoing chemotherapy, and unfortunately, there is no definite and reliable treatment for it. Various strategies have been used to reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin on non-target tissues, including the use of medicinal plants, diet and various types of long-term exercises with the aim of increasing tissue antioxidant levels. Therefore, determining the appropriate exercise and nutrition program considering the physical conditions for cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment is so important. Therefore, the current review study aimed to determine the effects of DOX cytotoxicity on heart tissue and the benefits of regular physical activity and curcumin supplementation were investigated and discussed. Conclusion: The use of curcumin with aerobic exercise is likely to be a potentially useful candidate to protect against the toxicity of blood cells caused by the drug doxorubicin, which is used to prevent the growth and progression of cancer cells in patients

The impact of cardiac rehabilitation on atrial fibrillation recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation: results of a retrospective study

Abstract Background Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an extensively utilized atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment, many patients still experience AF recurrences. Multimorbidity care, including physical activity, may reduce recurrences. In Belgium, patients undergoing an ablation are entitled to a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program after PVI, but not all do participate. More evidence that such (standardized) CR programs for AF patients after ablation can positively impact rhythm control is desirable. Purpose This study retrospectively investigated the impact of CR on AF recurrence after PVI. Methods We analysed an extensive database of a large Belgian tertiary care center with patients who underwent a primary PVI between 2007 and 2020 and who had a follow-up of at least 1 year. General cardiology follow-up included a 24h Holter monitoring 3 and 12 months after PVI. Patients were retrospectively divided into an intervention and control group based on their choice to participate in a standardized CR program. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the time-to-recurrence and event-free survival curves after the primary ablation. Differences between curves were tested with the log-rank test. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results In total, 1767 patients were included, of which 589 participated to CR and 1178 served as controls (median 64 (56-70) y, 68.9% male, median BMI 27.5 (24.7-30.7) kg/m2). There was no significant difference between CR and controls in median age (64y vs. 63y respectively; p=0.203), the proportion of male (57.9% vs. 47.0% respectively; p=0.111) and the proportion of paroxysmal AF (66.4% vs. 70.6% respectively; p=0.210). The proportion with recurrent AF at the end of study follow-up (with a three-month initial blanking period) in the CR and control group was similar (32.6% vs. 35.1% respectively; p=0.288), and also survival analysis demonstrated no significant difference (p=0.827; Figure 1). We noted a cross-over of the recurrence curves after about 1500 days, but the rate of AF recurrence was not different among CR and controls within the first year post-ablation (p=0.136) nor when analysed from day 365 until the end of the study (p=0.341) (Figure 2). There was no significant difference in AF recurrences between CR and controls for either paroxysmal AF (p= 0.551) or persistent AF (p=0.181) based on the survival analysis. Conclusions This retrospective analysis could not demonstrate reduced AF recurrence in post-PVI patients following a structured CR program. The unexpected crossover of curves could point to earlier AF detection in CR patients, while there might be long-term benefit of physical activity. Multivariable analysis will have to evaluate whether impact of CR is related to certain clinical patient characteristics, which might also have contributed to inclusion bias.Figure 1Figure 2

The impact of dietary intervention on myokines: a narrative review

This review elucidates the role of dietary factors in influencing myokine secretion, complementing the recognized benefits of physical activity on metabolic health. While exercise is known to positively modulate myokines, contributing to their health-promoting effects, an exploration into how diet affects these critical cytokines remains sparse. Through analysis of the literature, this work identifies dietary patterns that markedly affect myokine levels, underscoring the complex relationship between nutrition and myokine activity. The investigation reveals that specific dietary approaches can profoundly alter myokine secretion, suggesting an essential avenue for combined dietary and exercise interventions to optimize health outcomes. These insights highlight the need for further detailed study into diet-induced myokine modulation.

Risk/benefit trade-off of habitual physical activity and air pollution on mortality: A large-scale prospective analysis in the UK Biobank

BackgroundPrevious observational studies have indicated associations of physical activity (PA) and air pollution with mortality. A few studies have evaluated air pollution and PA interactions for health. Still, the trade-off between the harmful effects of air pollution exposure and the protective effects of PA remains controversial and unclear. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the joint association of air pollution and PA with mortality risks. MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 322,092 participants from 2006 to 2010 and followed up to 2021 in the UK Biobank study. The concentrations of air pollutants (2006–2010), including particulate matter (PM) with diameters <=2.5 mm (PM2.5), <=10 mm (PM10), and between 2.5 and 10 mm (PM2.5–10), and nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx) were obtained. Information on PA measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (2006–2010) and wrist-worn accelerometer (2013–2015) were collected. All-cause and cause-specific mortalities were recorded. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the associations of air pollution exposure and PA with mortality risks. The additive and multiplicative interactions were also examined. ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 11.83 years, 16629 deaths were recorded. Compared with participants reporting low PA, higher PA was negatively associated with all-cause [hazard ratio (HR), 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71–0.78], cancer (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80–0.90), CVD (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71–0.87), and respiratory disease-specific mortality (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.44–0.60). Exposure to PM2.5 (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.09) and NOx (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.10) was connected with increased all-cause mortality risk, and significant PM2.5-associated elevated risks for CVD mortality and NOx-associated elevated risks for respiratory disease mortality were observed. No obvious interaction between PA and PM2.5 or NOx exposure was detected. ConclusionsOur study provides additional evidence that higher PA and lower air pollutant levels are independently connected with reduced mortality risk. The benefits of PA are not significantly affected by long-term air pollution exposure, indicating PA can be recommended to prevent mortality regardless of air pollution levels. Our findings highlight the importance of public health policies and interventions facilitating PA and reducing air pollution in reducing mortality risks and maximizing health benefits. Future investigation is urgently needed to identify these findings in areas with severe air pollution conditions.

Association between time of assessment within a school year and physical fitness of primary school children

The dissociation of effects of age, time of assessment and cohort is a well-known challenge in developmental science. We examined effects of time of assessment in the school year on children’s physical fitness using data from 75,362 German third-graders from seven cohorts. Children were tested once either in the first or second school term of third grade. Tests examined cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min run), coordination (star-run), speed (20-m sprint), lower (standing long jump) and upper (ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and flexibility (stand-and-reach test). We estimated the effect of time of assessment using a regression discontinuity design specified in a linear mixed model with random factors child and school and adjusted for age, sex, and cohort effects. Coordination, speed, and upper limbs muscle power were better in second compared to first school term, with boys exhibiting a larger increase of upper limbs muscle power than girls. There was no evidence for changes in cardiorespiratory endurance, lower limbs muscle power, and flexibility between assessments. Previously reported age and sex effects as well as secular fitness trends were replicated. There is thus evidence for improvement of some physical fitness components beyond age and cohort effects that presumably reflects the benefit of physical activity in physical education and other settings. Effects of assessment time should be taken into consideration in performance-based grading or norm-based selection of children.

The benefits of physical activity for depression

Depression is an affective disorder present throughout human history, characterized by feelings of sadness, pessimism and low self-esteem. Medical care is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Estimates suggest that more than 300 million people worldwide suffer from depression, which differs from normal mood fluctuations. When chronic and intense, it can cause great suffering and dysfunction, and can even lead to suicide. With around 800,000 deaths by suicide every year, depression is one of the leading causes of death among young people. Regular physical activity is considered by some scientists to be one of the best antidepressants, bringing a range of benefits for mental and emotional health.

Determinants and Factors of Physical Activity After Oncology Treatments (DEFACTO) in Metropolitan France: Protocol of a Mixed Methods Study and Intervention.

While the scientific community widely recognizes the benefits of physical activity (PA) in oncology supportive care, cancer survivors who have undergone chemo- or radio-immunotherapy treatments struggle to meet PA recommendations. This underscores the importance of identifying factors influencing active lifestyle adoption and maintenance and proposing a multilevel model (micro-, meso-, and macrolevel) to better understand facilitators and barriers. Currently, no socioecological model explains an active lifestyle in the posttreatment phase of breast, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers. The objective is to identify factors influencing an active lifestyle in cancer survivorship and assess the feasibility of an individualized program targeting an active lifestyle. The objectives will be addressed in 3 stages. Stage 1 aims to elucidate factors associated with the active lifestyle of cancer survivors. Stage 2 involves developing an explanatory model based on previously identified factors to create a tailored health education program for an active lifestyle after oncology treatments. Stage 3 aims to evaluate the feasibility and potential effects of this personalized health education program after its national implementation. First, the exploration of factors influencing PA (stage 1) will be based on a mixed methods approach, using an explanatory sequential design and multilevel analysis. The quantitative phase involves completing a questionnaire from a socioecological perspective. Subsequently, a subset of respondents will engage in semistructured interviews to aid in interpreting the quantitative results. This phase aims to construct a model of the factors influencing an active lifestyle and develop an individualized 12-week program based on our earlier findings (stage 2). In stage 3, we will implement our multicenter, multimodal program for 150 physically inactive and sedentary cancer survivors across metropolitan France. Program feasibility will be evaluated. Measured PA level by connected device and multidimensional variables such as declared PA and sedentary behaviors, PA readiness, motivation, PA preferences, PA knowledge and skills, and barriers and facilitators will be assessed before and during the program and 52 weeks afterward. The institutional review board approved the mixed methods study (phase 1) in April 2020, and the intervention (phase 3) was approved in March 2022. Recruitment and data collection commenced in April 2022, with intervention implementation concluded in May 2023. Data collection and full analysis are expected to be finalized by July 2024. The Determinants and Factors of Physical Activity After Oncology Treatments (DEFACTO) study seeks to enhance our understanding, within our socioecological model, of factors influencing an active lifestyle among cancer survivors and to assess whether a tailored intervention based on this model can support an active lifestyle. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05354882; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05354882. DERR1-10.2196/52274.

The importance of regular physical activity in the mental health of the older adults

The present study had the general objective of evaluating the relationship between physical activity and mental health in the older adults. For this, a cross-sectional survey was carried out with 35 older adults aged between 60 and 76 years old (65.31 ± 4.50). To assess the level of physical activity, the six-minute walk test (6MWT) was used, while mental health was measured using the geriatric depression scale (GDS). A comparison was made between the physically active and inactive groups (classified by the 6MWT) using Student’s t test for GDS scores. In addition, the Ancova test was performed to compare groups for the mental health outcome (GDS). The results show us that the mean age of the individuals was 65.31 with a standard deviation of 4.50. Among the older adults, 12 were classified as physically active and 23 as inactive. However, the main finding of this study lies in the difference between the groups for the mental health outcome, since the physically active group had a mean GDS lower (Mean = 3.33) than the physically inactive group (Mean = 7.30), with statistical significance (p = 0.05). This is in line with the literature on the benefits of physical activity in preventing and reducing mental disorders. The study makes room for further studies, especially clinical and longitudinal trials, in order to better understand these real impacts of physical activity.

Promotion of Healthy Habits in University Students: Literature Review.

The increase in responsibilities, together with the multiple challenges that students face in the university period, has a direct impact on their healthy lifestyles. This literature review describes the benefits of promoting healthy habits in college, highlighting the fundamental role of prevention and promotion. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA recommendations, searching for information in the WOS and Scopus databases. On the other hand, a search was carried out within the existing and available grey literature. The review focused on finding information about physical activity, nutrition, and stress (with an emphasis on resilience and academic burnout) in university students. This bibliographic review includes 32 articles and six web pages, containing information on the benefits of physical activity, healthy habits, and health prevention. The information collected in this study shows that university students are exposed to multiple changes during this period, increasing as the academic years progress. At that time, their habits worsen, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, low physical activity, and high levels of stress, specifically increasing cases of academic burnout. The establishment of healthy habits during the university period is necessary, observing an improvement in all the variables studied. Prevention has played a fundamental role.

Health-Related Benefits and Adherence for Multiple Short Bouts of Aerobic Physical Activity Among Adults

Most adults do not adhere to established aerobic physical activity (PA) guidelines due in part to various barriers. PA snacks, or periodic short bouts of activity (&lt;10 minutes) offer a potential strategy to overcoming such barriers and increasing PA. Previous efforts have been focused on eliciting the health benefits of PA and exercise snacks, yet adherence to this concept has not been examined. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature assessing adherence to PA snacks and health-related outcomes associated with PA snacks. PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched for literature published between January 2018-September 2023. Studies investigating adherence and/or the health-related outcomes of PA snacks were included. Of 4201 articles identified, 12 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies were randomized (n = 10), focused on adults with a chronic disease/life-long condition or exhibited a sedentary lifestyle (n = 8), and reported positive health outcomes (n = 12; e.g., improvements in cardiometabolic markers and body composition). Five studies reported adherence to supervised and unsupervised PA snack interventions, with high rates ≥92%. This review supports and extends the previously reported health-related benefits of PA snacks. It also shows promise for increasing overall PA and adherence to the PA guidelines.

Physical Activity in Natural Settings: An Opportunity for Lifestyle Medicine

Physical activity is a well-known behavior for promoting health and preventing a variety of chronic diseases. Despite widespread knowledge of the benefits of physical activity, most Americans do not engage in sufficient physical activity. Over the past decade, there has been increasing recognition of the health benefits of spending time in nature, mediated in part through physical activity. This has led to new partnerships across health, parks and recreation, public lands, and environmental organizations to increase time spent, and physical activity, in natural settings. This review assesses the current evidence around physical activity in natural settings (PANS), strategies for promoting PANS including health professional engagement, and current gaps in the research literature.

Experiences of older adults leisure-time physical activity in aquatic and leisure facilities

ABSTRACT For older adults, being physically active is positively associated with various health benefits. Despite the positive benefits of leisure-time physical activity, most older adults within Australia do not participate in physical activity at a level to generate health benefits. Aquatic and leisure facilities are important infrastructure for supporting leisure-time physical activity with local governments in Australia investing significant public funds into their development and re-development. Little is currently known regarding the experiences of older adults in these facilities. Guided by a socio-ecological approach and drawing on a qualitative methodology, this study aimed to explore the experiences of older adults (n = 20, M = 73 years of age) using aquatic and leisure facilities to better understand how this setting might be more effectively utilized to support older adult leisure-time physical activity. Multilayered analysis revealed that the social cultural environment including social networks and the behaviour setting including location and having multiple leisure-time physical activity options, assisted in supporting participation. While social norms in the perceived environment detracted from older adult’s experience. Among other recommendations, aquatic and leisure facilities could consider implementing a comprehensive word of mouth strategy into the marketing framework and generate awareness of the broad social opportunities available.

Exploring Physical Activity Awareness Among BMC Education Students, Kathmandu

Introduction: Physical activity is influenced by one’s knowledge of the benefits of physical activities as well as positive attitudes towards participation in such activities. Several studies have pointed out a decline in physical activity among adolescent and youths upon enrolling to university life with such decline being on a rising trend. Enhancing university youths’ knowledge on physical activities and fostering positive attitudes towards physical activities is crucial to promote healthy lifestyles, enhance their wellbeing and possibly also influence their study positively. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding physical activity among Bachelor of Education students of Baneshwor Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire collecting primary data from 142 1st to 4th year bachelor of education students. Descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used in data analysis. Results: Mean age of study participants was 20.37 years (SD ± 2.36) with higher representation of females (68.31%) than that of males (31.69%). Over 90% students answered yes to five out of seven knowledge statements. The proportion of students responding yes to the remaining two statements was 89.44% and 78.17% respectively. Likewise, over 80% students agreed on six out of seven attitude statements. However, as many as 61% of students still believed that physical activity is injurious while 28.17% remained neutral and only 10.56% disagreed on it. Conclusion: This study showed that the majority of BEd students possessed fairly good knowledge and attitude towards physical activity. Yet, this study revealed some gaps in both knowledge and attitudes regarding physical activities warranting campus management to take necessary measures for improvement in future.

Association between physical activity changes and risk of incident ischemic stroke following cancer diagnosis: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Physical inactivity is prevalent after cancer treatment, which could increase ischemic stroke risk in cancer survivors. This study investigated the association between physical activity change from pre- to post-diagnosis and ischemic stroke risk among cancer survivors. Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 269,943 cancer survivors (mean [SD] age, 56.3 [12.1] years; 45.7% male) with no history of cardiovascular disease were evaluated based on changes in physical activity from pre- to post-diagnosis. Using the Fine-Gray model, subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic stroke risk were calculated, considering death as a competing risk. After cancer diagnosis, 62.0% remained inactive, 10.1% remained active, 16.6% became active, and 11.4% became inactive. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.1 (2.0) years, being active both pre- and post-diagnosis was associated with a 15% decreased risk of ischemic stroke (sHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.96), compared with those who remained inactive. Cancer survivors who became active and inactive post-diagnosis showed a 16% and 11% lower ischemic stroke risk (sHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.93; sHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99), respectively, than those who remained inactive. Analysis by the primary cancer site did not substantially differ from the main findings. Physical activity is associated with reduced ischemic stroke risk among cancer survivors. The potential benefits of physical activity are not limited to individuals who were physically active before cancer diagnosis, thus preventive strategies against ischemic stroke should emphasize physical activity throughout the cancer journey.

Intensity-specific physical activity measured by accelerometer and the risk of mortality among individuals with cardiometabolic diseases: A prospective study from the UK Biobank

BackgroundWhile the health benefits of physical activity for general population are well-recognized, the prospective associations of physical activity volume and intensity with mortality among cardiometabolic disease individuals remain unclear. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the associations of accelerometer-measured intensity-specific physical activity with mortality risk among population with cardiometabolic disease. DesignProspective cohort study. SettingParticipants were recruited from the United Kingdom (UK) across 22 assessment centers from 2006 to 2010. ParticipantsA total of 9524 participants from the UK Biobank (median: 67.00 years, interquartile range: 61.00–70.00 years) were included in final study. MethodsAccelerometer-measured total volume, moderate-to-vigorous and light intensity physical activity collecting from 2013 to 2015 were quantified using a machine learning model. Multivariable restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazard models with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to examine the associations of interests. ResultsDuring the follow-up period (median: 6.87 years; interquartile range: 6.32–7.39 years), there were 659 (6.92 %) death events with 218 (2.29 %) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 441 (4.63 %) non-cardiovascular disease-related deaths separately. In the fully adjusted models, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles of total volume, moderate-to-vigorous and light physical activities, the adjusted HRs (95 % CIs) of all-cause mortality for those in the highest quartiles were 0.40 (0.31, 0.52), 0.48 (0.37, 0.61), and 0.56 (0.44, 0.71) while those for cardiovascular diseases-related mortality were 0.35 (0.22, 0.55), 0.52 (0.35, 0.78) and 0.59 (0.39, 0.88), and for non-cardiovascular diseases-related mortality, they were 0.42 (0.30, 0.59), 0.40 (0.29, 0.54) and 0.54 (0.40, 0.73), separately. The optimal moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity level for cardiovascular diseases-related mortality reduction was found to be in the third quartile (17.75–35.33 min/day). Furthermore, the observed inverse associations were mainly non-linear. ConclusionsPromoting physical activity, regardless of intensity, is essential for individuals with cardiometabolic disease to reduce mortality risk. For both all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related and non-cardiovascular disease-related mortality, the observed decrease in risk seems to level off at a moderate level. The current findings deriving from precise device-based physical activity data provide inference for secondary prevention of cardiometabolic disease.

Diabetic pregnancy: adherence and benefits of regular physical activity on blood sugar control in diabetic pregnant women

Diabetic pregnancy: adherence and benefits of regular physical activity on blood sugar control in diabetic pregnant women

Physical activity should be the primary intervention for individuals living with chronic pain A position paper from the European Pain Federation (EFIC) 'On the Move' Task Force.

There is clear evidence demonstrating the benefits of physical activity (PA) on pain and overall health, however, PA is challenging for many individuals living with chronic pain. Even non-exercise specialists can (cost) effectively promote PA, but many health professionals report a number of barriers in providing guidance on PA, suggesting that it is not consistently promoted. This expert position paper summarizes the evidence and provides five recommendations for health professionals to assess, advise and support individuals living with any chronic pain condition with a long life expectancy in adopting and sustaining physically active lifestyles. This position paper was prepared by the 'On The Move' Task Force of the European Pain Federation EFIC. Final recommendations were endorsed by the European Pain Forum, Pain Alliance Europe and the Executive Board of EFIC. We recommend that all health professionals (1) Take a history of the persons' PA levels, and put PA on the agenda, (2) Advise that PA is important and safe for individuals living with chronic pain, (3) Deliver a brief PA intervention and support individuals living with chronic pain in becoming physically active, (4) Discuss acceptable levels of PA-related soreness and pain and (5) Provide ongoing support in staying physically active. Physical activity is safe and offers several advantages, including general health benefits, low risk of side effects, low cost and not requiring access to healthcare. Adoption of these recommendations can improve the quality of care and life of individuals living with chronic pain and reduce their overall health risks.