Benefits Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Research Articles

Association between migraine and exclusive breastfeeding: A cross-sectional study.

Medical conditions may preclude a mother from exclusively breastfeeding her infant; however, the association between migraine and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is not well known. To evaluate the association between migraine and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in a representative sample of Canadian females. We used the Canadian Community Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey, to identify females aged 20-49 years who delivered a baby in the previous 5 years. History of migraine was self-reported. Females reported if they breastfed their baby, and among those who did, they further reported the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. We evaluated the association between migraine and the rate of breastfeeding, and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding adjusting for selected covariates. We included 5282 females, of whom 862 (16.3%) had migraine. Compared to females without migraine, females with migraine were less likely to have high income (annual income >$80,000: 362 [42.0] vs. 2276 [51.6]), and more likely to have comorbid mood (176 [20.5] vs. 378 [8.6%]) and anxiety (196 [22.8%] vs. 406 [9.2%]) disorders. Migraine was not associated with breastfeeding (proportion of females who did not breastfeed, migraine vs. no migraine: 114/862 [13.2%] vs. 498/4420 [11.3%]; adjusted odds ratio 1.03; 0.74-1.27); however, females with migraine had lower odds (≥6 months of exclusive breastfeeding: 216/688 [31.4%] vs. 1325/3561 [37.2%]; adjusted odds ratio from ordinal shift analyses 0.84; 0.71-0.99) of longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding than females without migraine. Females with migraine exclusively breastfeed their infants for a shorter duration compared to females without migraine, suggesting the need to better support this populationthrough education on the safety and benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and better access to safe and effective treatment of migraine in lactating females.

IJCM_86A: Assessment of Breastfeeding practices in a Tribal District of Maharashtra: A Cross-sectional study.

Background: As the WHO aptly puts it, breastfeeding is the cornerstone of child survival, nutrition and development, as well as maternal health. However, contrary to the WHO recommendations, fewer than half of infants under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed (1) According to the National Family Health Survey data of India, only 71% of children under 6 months are exclusively breastfed in Maharashtra. (2) This may be seen more in the tribal communities due to their geographical location and strong cultural norms. This study aims to assess the breastfeeding practices that are prevalent in a tribal district. Objectives: 1) To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the tribal population. 2) To determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the tribal population. Methodology: This is a community based cross-sectional observational research project. The study population is mothers belonging to the Scheduled Tribes Category with infant in the age group of 6 months to 1 year. 161 women were selected by simple random sampling using a random number table. A structured interview schedule was used to conduct the interviews. Data was analysed using appropriate statistical test. Results: The overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is 63%. 72.7% of mothers belonging to the Warli tribe and 91% of mothers of the age under 20 years followed the recommended exclusive breastfeeding. Even the place of delivery of the child was found to be significantly associated with the exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The prevalence of breastfeeding in the tribal population is less than the overall prevalence of the entire state. More efforts are needed to create awareness about the concept and the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.

BREASTFEEDING STATUS AND DISEASE SEVERITY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS: AN EXPLORATORY RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Abstract OBJECTIVE While the protective effect of being breastfed on the development of ulcerative colitis has been well established, it is not known if being breastfed decreases colectomy rate and disease severity for pediatric patients. This work is designed to better understand the connection between breastfeeding status and disease severity of ulcerative colitis among pediatric patients. METHODS This exploratory retrospective cohort study analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of patients at Boston Children’s Hospital enrolled in a data registry and biorepository since 2012. Data was collected from charts and analyzed to determine if there is a significant difference in colectomy rate, pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PUCAI) score, ESR, or CRP, between not breastfed (n=56), breastfed (n=39), and mixed breastfed patients (n=31). Breastfed patients are defined as patients who were exclusively breastfed for greater than or equal to three months. Patients who were never breastfed were considered not breastfed. Patients who were exclusively breastfed for less than three months or received a mix of formula and breastfeeding were considered mixed breastfed. Statistical analysis of the groups was performed using a one-way ANOVA. RESULTS At disease diagnosis, the average PUCAI score of the not breastfed group (32.4) was significantly higher than the exclusively breastfed group (18.4) (p value = 0.0189). No significant difference was detected in the average PUCAI score of the mixed breastfed group (34.1) compared to the not breastfed group (32.4). Significant differences in the colectomy rate between all three groups were not detected, and likewise we did not find significant differences in markers of disease severity including ESR, CRP, and hemoglobin at diagnostic visit between groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that children with ulcerative colitis who were exclusively breastfed have a lower average PUCAI score at the time of diagnosis than those who were not breastfed. Further investigation with larger data sets may be necessary to determine other benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in pediatric ulcerative colitis patients.

Pemanfaatan Pijat Oksitosin dengan Minyak Sereh pada Ibu Menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tangkit

Breastfeeding is a way of feeding given directly by mothers to their children, but often breastfeeding mothers lack understanding and lack of information, so often mothers get wrong information about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding itself, about how to launch breast milk production. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge and skills of mothers in the utilization of oxytocin massage with lemongrass oil in breastfeeding mothers. This community service activity was carried out for 20 breastfeeding mothers in the working area of the Tangkit Health Center, Sungai Gelam Jambi. The method used was face-to-face education and leaflets. The knowledge of breastfeeding mothers was assessed using a questionnaire. Monitoring and evaluation of activities with a one group pretest and post test design approach. The results level of mother's knowledge before being given education were not good with a percentage of >50%. Furthermore, after being given education, the mother's level of knowledge increased with an average percentage of <51.7% to 90.4%, the knowledge component about the citronella oil oxytocin massage technique was still quite low with a percentage of 49.8%. The conclusion is that there is increased knowledge about the benefits of oxytocin massage with lemongrass oil for breastfeeding mothers. It is hoped that it can provide assistance to train mothers' skills in carrying out oxytocin massage with lemongrass oil

Effect of Antenatal Care and Postnatal Care on Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice: Meta Analysis

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 2 out of 3 babies do not get exclusive breastfeeding and only 41% of babies aged 0-6 months get exclusive breastfeeding. It is believed that ANC and PNC examinations can increase the possibility of mothers to start and maintain exclusive breastfeeding, because mothers will receive information and support about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, the importance of giving colostrum, and the right technique for positioning and attachment in breastfeeding. This study aims to analyze the effect of ANC and PNC on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
 Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic and meta-analysis study, with the following PICO Population = Breastfeeding mothers. Intervention = ANC <4 times and no PNC. Comparison = ANC ≥4 times and PNC. Outcome = Exclusive breastfeeding. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Springer Link, Science Direct, and Pro Quest. The keywords used are “ANC and exclusive breastfeeding”, “PNC and exclusive breastfeeding”. The inclusion criteria were full-text article observational study designs. Articles are collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
 Results: Based on the results of a meta-analysis of 9 primary studies originating from Ethiopia, Tanzania, The Gambia, Saudi Arabia, and Indonesia, it was found that regular ANC, which was 4 times or more, has the possibility of giving exclusive breastfeeding by 1.55 times ANC (aOR=1.55; 95% CI=1.29 to 1.88; p=0.001) and mothers who conduct PNC have the possibility of giving exclusive breastfeeding by 2.43 times (aOR=2.43; 9 5%CI=1.78 to 3.31; p=0.001).
 Conclusion: ANC and PNC examinations can improve the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
 Keywords: ANC, PNC, and Exclusive Breastfeeding
 Correspondence: Nisia Hari Agusningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: harinisia@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282138344620

Factors associated with the plan to pre-lacteal feeding for the first 6 months among Ethiopian mothers: a multilevel mixed effects analysis of 2019 performance monitoring for action Ethiopia

IntroductionDespite efforts to promote exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, pre-lacteal feeding remains prevalent in Ethiopia. The study will use data from the 2019 Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia (PMA-ET), which is a nationally representative survey that collects information on maternal and child health indicators. Therefore, this study aims to identify individual and community-level factors associated with the plan to pre-lacteal feeding for the first six months among mothers in Ethiopia.MethodsThe datasets from the 2019 Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia Survey were analyzed in this study, which included 685 mothers from the survey. Stata version 17.0 was used for data analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression was utilized to identify individual and community-level factors that are linked with the plan to pre-lacteal feeding. The strength and direction of the association were presented using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, and statistical significance was declared at a P value less than 0.05.ResultsThe study found that factors significantly associated with the plan to pre-lacteal feeding included mothers without higher education (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.204–1.204), mothers belonging to poor households (AOR = 11.1, 95% CI: 3.482–35.175), and women in clusters with poor wealth status (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.043–0.509).ConclusionAs per the findings of the study, both individual and community-level factors were found to influence the decision to practice pre-lacteal feeding. Educational status and household wealth were significant individual-level factors associated with pre-lacteal feeding, whereas community wealth status was a significant community-level factor. To address this issue, it is recommended to focus on increasing the education level of mothers from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and providing education on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and the risks associated with pre-lacteal feeding. These efforts can help in reducing the prevalence of this harmful practice.

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan

ABSTRACT
 The relationship between family support and exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months in the working area of the Karang Taliwang Health Center
 Ria Risti Dewi
 Background : Breast milk is the first food for newborns, variousscientific points of view can be proven that breast milk is the best and most ideal baby food. Although there are many known benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, there are still many mothers who do not breastfeed exclusively, many factors that influence breastfeeding are not Exclusively, one of which is support from the family, which is to provide information, advice and attention that makes mothers feel comfortable and calm in the process of breastfeeding. 
 Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months in the working area of the Karang Taliwang Mataram Health Center.
 Method : The method in this study is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was 63 respondents, the sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. Data analysis using chi square test.
 Results : The results of this study showed no meaningful relationship of emotional support (p = 0.632), no relationship of instrumental support (p = 0.727), there was an association of assessment support (p = 0.008), there was an association Information support (p = 0.030) with exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months in the working area of the Karang Taliwang Mataram Health Center.
 Conclusion : The conclusion in this study is that there is no significant relationship between emotional support and instrumental support and exclusive breastfeeding, while in assessment support And information there is a significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 bulam.
 Keywords : Exclusive Breastfeeding, Family Support

Trends of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices and Its Determinants in Tanzania from 1999 to 2016.

Introduction: The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) are widely reported. However, it is crucial to examine potential disparities in EBF practices across different regions of a country. Our study uses Tanzania demographic and health survey data to report on the trends of EBF across regions from 1999 to 2016, the patterns of the practice based on geographical location and socioeconomic status, and explores its determinants across the years. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to establish the trends of EBF by geographical location and wealth quintile. A generalized linear mixed model was developed to incorporate both infant and maternal attributes as fixed covariates while considering enumeration areas and regions as clusters. The fitted model facilitated the estimation of EBF proportions at a regional level and identified key determinants influencing EBF practices across the survey periods. Moreover, we designed breastfeeding maps, visually depicting the performance of different regions throughout the surveys. Results: Across the various survey rounds, a notable regional variation in EBF practices was observed, with coastal regions generally exhibiting lower adherence to the practice. There was a linear trend between EBF and geographical residence (p < 0.05) and socioeconomic standing (p < 0.05) across the survey periods. Rural-dwelling women and those from the least affluent backgrounds consistently showcased a higher proportion of EBF. The prevalence of EBF declined as infants aged (p < 0.001), a trend consistent across all survey waves. The associations between maternal attributes and EBF practices displayed temporal variations. Furthermore, a correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and attributes linked to both regional disparities and enumeration areas was observed. The intra-cluster correlation ranged from 18% to 41.5% at the regional level and from 40% to 58.5% at the enumeration area level. Conclusions: While Tanzania's progress in EBF practices is laudable, regional disparities persist, demanding targeted interventions. Sustaining achievements while addressing wealth-based disparities and the decline in EBF with infant age is vital. The study highlights the need for broad national strategies and localized investigations to understand and enhance EBF practices across different regions and socioeconomic contexts.

The Relationship of Exclusive Breastfeeding with Stunting Incidents in Toddler Ages (1 -5 Years) in Sampiran Village, Talun District, Cirebon Regency)

In 2022, the Cirebon District faced a persistent issue of high stunting rates, affecting 15,299 cases or approximately 9.4% of its population. This study focuses on Sampiran Village, Talun Subdistrict, within the Cirebon District, aiming to investigate the correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting in toddlers. Employing a cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling, data collection included questionnaires and anthropometric measurements provided by parents of the participating toddlers. Results revealed that 63.2% of toddlers did not receive exclusive breastfeeding, and 21% of them experienced stunting. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting occurrence (p &lt; 0.05), with an Odds Ratio of 1.133. This suggests that exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of stunting by 1.133 times, emphasizing its crucial role in stunting prevention among toddlers. These findings underscore the urgency of promoting and educating parents and caregivers about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. Encouraging exclusive breastfeeding practices can potentially mitigate the prevalence of stunting in this vulnerable age group within the Cirebon District, ultimately contributing to better child health and well-being.

Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding in Lactating Mothers Attending Kaabong District Hospital in Kaabong District

This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers at Kaabong district hospital. A total of 93 mothers were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. STATA software was used for data analysis, and crude odds ratios were used to determine the level of significance. The majority of participants were aged 18-25, married, and had no formal education. The majority of participants exclusively breastfed their children. Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding included the mother's age and education level. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding included the mother's positive HIV status and insufficient breast milk production. The exclusive breastfeeding rate at Kaabong General Hospital falls above the World Health Organization's recommended level. To maintain this high rate, breastfeeding promotion messages should be provided to mothers to raise awareness about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding using mass media. The study highlights the need for further support for exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers in the area. Keywords: Infants, lactating mothers, Exclusive breastfeeding, Positive HIV status, No formal education.

Effects of exclusive breastfeeding on educational attainment and longitudinal trajectories of grade progression among children in a 13-year follow-up study in Malawi

The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for infant health and survival are well documented. However, its impact on educational outcomes has been contested and poorly researched in Africa. It has been hypothesised that positive associations reported in high-income countries can be attributed to residual confounding by socioeconomic status (SES). Our study investigated whether EBF duration in infancy is associated with educational attainment and age-for-grade attainment trajectories at school-age in rural Malawi. Longitudinal data on 1021 children at the Karonga demographic surveillance site in Malawi were analysed. Breastfeeding data were collected 3 months after birth and again at age one. The school grade of each child was recorded each year from age 6 until age 13. We calculated age-for-grade based on whether a child was at, over, or under the official expected age for a grade. Generalised estimating equations estimated the average effect of breastfeeding on age-for-grade. Latent class growth analysis identified age-for-grade trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression examined their associations with EBF. Maternal-child characteristics, SES, and HIV status were controlled. Overall, 35.9% of the children were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Over-age for grade steadily increased from 9.6% at age 8 to 41.9% at age 13. There was some evidence that EBF for 6 months was associated with lower odds of being over-age for grade than EBF for less than 3 months (aOR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.64–1.06). In subgroup analyses, children exclusively breastfed for 6 months in infancy were less likely to be over-age for grades between ages 6–9 (aOR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.43–0.94). Latent class growth analysis also provided some evidence that EBF reduced the odds of falling behind in the early school grades (aOR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.41–1.08) but not later. Our study adds to the growing evidence that EBF for 6 months has benefits beyond infant health and survival, supporting the WHO's recommendation on EBF.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu dalam Pemberian ASI Ekslusif di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Marina Permai Kota Palangka Raya Tahun 2022

Exclusive breast milk (ASI) is the first and foremost food for babies from 0-6 months of age, in fact there are still many mothers who choose to give formula milk with the assumption that formula milk is better than exclusive breastfeeding. Lack of knowledge from the community and support from families that the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are very important for babies. To anticipate this, it is necessary to provide health education to increase knowledge and attitudes of mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on knowledge and attitudes of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. The design of this study uses an experimental with a one-group pre-posttest design. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers, with a total sample of 42 respondents. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. Data for this study were collected twice, once before and once after the intervention, using a questionnaire. The existing data were tabulated and then analyzed using the Mc nemar test analysis test and marginal homogeneity. The results showed that there was an effect of health education on knowledge (p 0.000 a 0.05) and attitudes (p 0.001 a 0.05) of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. For the puskesmas, they should increase socialization and outreach to the community, especially for mothers to breastfeed their babies immediately after giving birth for 6 months or to give exclusive breastfeeding without other additional food for 6 months.

The Effect of Breastfeeding in the First Hour and Rooming-In of Low-Income, Multi-Ethnic Mothers on In-Hospital, One and Three Month High Breastfeeding Intensity.

Despite the known benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, the value of Baby-Friendly Hospital Interventions in increasing breastfeeding rates has been challenged, particularly the interventions of breastfeeding in the first hour of life and rooming-in. This study aimed to measure the association of breastfeeding in the first hour of life and rooming-in with high breastfeeding intensity of low-income, multi-ethnic mothers intending to breastfeed. A prospective, longitudinal cohort study was performed on 149 postpartum mothers who intended to breastfeed their infants. Structured interviews were performed at birth and one and three months. Breastfeeding intensity was defined as the percentage of all feedings that were breast milk, and high breastfeeding intensity was defined as a breastfeeding intensity >80%. The data were analyzed by chi-square, t-test, binary logistic regression analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Breastfeeding in the first hour was associated with increased high breastfeeding intensity in the hospital (AOR = 11.6, 95% CI = 4.7-28.6) and at one month (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.6-7.7), but not at three months. Rooming-in was associated with increased high breastfeeding intensity in the hospital (AOR 9.3, 95% CI = 3.6-23.7) and at one month (AOR = 2.4 (1.1-5.3) and three months (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.3). Breastfeeding in the first hour and rooming-in are associated with increasing breastfeeding and should be incorporated into practice.

A training curriculum for an mHealth supported peer counseling program to promote exclusive breastfeeding in rural India

BackgroundDespite strong evidence about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, that is the baby receiving only breast milk, no other foods or liquids, rates have remained relatively unchanged over the past two decades in low- and middle-income countries. One strategy for increasing exclusive breastfeeding is through community-based programs that use peer counselors for education and support. The use of mobile health applications is also gaining increasing applicability in these countries. Minimal information is available about training peer counselors in the use of mobile technologies to support exclusive breastfeeding. The present article describes our curriculum in the state of Karnataka, India for supporting new mothers to exclusively breastfeed using a mobile health application in rural India.MethodsTwenty-five women from the community surrounding the city of Belgavi, Karnataka, India were trained to be peer counselors and to use a mobile health application to conduct a structured curriculum to support new mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. The three-day interactive training, conducted in March 2018, was based on the WHO breastfeeding course, translated, and adapted to the local culture The curriculum, which included information collected during a formative research process, consisted of eight visits, two during the antenatal period and continuing for six months postpartum. Twelve nursing and obstetric experts validated curriculum content. Pre-post-evaluation of the training focused on breastfeeding knowledge, self-efficacy, skills, and app usability.ResultsWe observed a significant increase in the mean scores for knowledge (P < 0.0001) and skills (P = 0.0006) from pre- to post-training. Age of the peer counselors and their own breastfeeding experience correlated significantly with the acquisition of knowledge and skills. The mobile health app showed high usability scores.ConclusionsThe culturally adapted curriculum presented here, combined with an mHealth app, can be an important educational strategy for training rural women in the acquisition of exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and skills.

Factors Related To Exclusive Breastfeeding With Nutritional Status Aged 7-23 Months: In the Working Area of Maubara Health Center Liquisa Municipallity Timor Leste

Exclusive breastfeeding is the percentage of infants, less than six months old, who receive only breast milk and no other solids or liquids, including water, with the exception of drops or syrups that comprise vitamin or mineral supplements or medicines.This study was conducted with the aim of determining the factors related to exclusive breastfeeding with nutritional status aged 7-23 months: In the Working Area of Maubara Liquisa Health Center Timor Leste. This type of research is observational analytical research with a cross sectional approach. The study respondents amounted to 85 people according to the specified criteria selected by the simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out by questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was performed using chi square and multiple logistic regression. Factors associated with history of exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status in children 7 – 23 months were education (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.002), age (p = 0.001), knowledge (p = 0.001), attitude (p = 0.001), nutritional status (p = 0.001). The most dominant variable was age with an PR of 23,469 (7.392-74,515). Conclusion that age has the greatest influence on exclusive breastfeeding. Factors associated with history of exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status in children 7 – 23 months were education (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.001), knowledge (p = 0.001), attitude (p = 0.001), nutritional status (p = 0.001). The most dominant variable was age with an OR of 23,469 (7,392-75,515). Conclusion that community age has the greatest influence on exclusive breastfeeding. Health workers to provide information about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in children

Development of an exclusive breastfeeding intervention based on the theory of planned behavior for mothers with preterm infants: Study protocol for a mixed methods study.

Despite the significance and benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, its rate among infants, especially preterm infants, is not optimal. Based on evidence, the mother's attitude toward breastfeeding, the subjective norm, and the mother's perceived behavioral control play a role in initiation and continuation of breastfeeding; so the interventions that consider these factors may be useful for breastfeeding premature infants. The aim of this study is to design and develop an exclusive breastfeeding intervention based on the theory of planned behavior for mothers with preterm infants. This exploratory, sequential, mixed methods study will be conducted in three phases. In the first phase, a qualitative study will be conducted based on the theory of planed behavior, to describe the exclusive breastfeeding beliefs of the mothers with preterm infants, the barriers to breastfeeding, and to explain the ways to overcome them. Moreover, the items of the Predictors Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Questionnaire are prepared based on the theory of planned behavior. In the second phase, the intervention plan is designed based on the literature review and the findings of the qualitative study, and it is approved by a panel of experts. Additionally, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire are evaluated and confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively. In the third phase, the developed intervention is implemented and evaluated. Implementation of supportive educational interventions based on scientific theories can be a step toward improving the rate of onset and continuation of breastfeeding in mothers with preterm infants. Development of interventions based on evidence, identified beliefs, and perceived barriers of the mothers with preterm infants can provide the foundation for more effective interventions according to cultural, social, and religious contexts.

Recommendations For Improving Exclusive Breast Milk For Working Mothers With Health Action Process Approach (Hapa) In Batu Bara District

Mother's Milk (ASI) is the main and best food for babies that have no equal. The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are enormous, especially for the baby's growth and development, immunity, psychology, and the economy of the baby's parents. Even though the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are clear for mothers and their babies, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding for babies is still low. The purpose of this study was to analyze the increase in exclusive breastfeeding for working mothers using the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in Batu Bara Regency. The sample of this research is working mothers who have babies 0-6 months in Batu Bara Regency. The sampling technique is Non-Probability Sampling using Total Sampling, where the number of samples is the same as the population of 100 people. The data processing method used Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate tests. Theresults showed that self-efficacy, outcome expectations, risk perception, planning, the effect of intention, maintenance, and planning strategies to overcome barriers had a significant effect on breastfeeding practices for working mothers in Batu Bara Regency as evidenced by the p-value of each variable 0.000 &lt;0.05. The multivariate test results show that together the independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable, with the most dominant variable being the maintenance variable with an average value of 10.66. The frequency of exclusive breastfeeding and the duration of breastfeeding has no effect on the practice of breastfeeding for working mothers in Batu Bara Regency.

SOSIALISASI KESEHATAN DAN ASI EKSKLUSIF BAGI IBU DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS KEBUN SIKOLOS KECAMATAN PADANG PANJANG BARAT KOTA PADANG PANJANG

Exclusive breastfeeding is given to infants from 0-6 months without additional food. Data from Padang Panjang City Health Office shows that the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in 2012 was 45%. This amount is not in accordance with RPJMD target (2010-2014) of 65%. Sikolos Garden Health Center is located in West Padang Panjang. One of problems with the Nutrition and MCH program is the low achievement of exclusive breastfeeding, which is 14.9%. There are factors that become obstacles in increasing the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding, such as the lack of knowledge and public awareness about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, there are mothers who think that exclusive breastfeeding will change the shape of breast, and socio-cultural factors that say babies do not full if only consume breast milk. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding coverage in the Working Area of Kebun Sikolos Health Center. The purpose of this activity is to increase mother's knowledge about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for babies so that they can increase the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding coverage in the Work Area of the Kebun Sikolos Health Center. The activity was carried out using health promotion methods in the form of counseling about exclusive breastfeeding, as well as making health promotion media in the form of posters, leaflets, and lactation corners. After counseling, there was a significant increase in the knowledge of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers about exclusive breastfeeding. Based on the results of pre-test (60%) and post-test (100%). It is suggested the need for increased counseling in Mother's class forums about exclusive breastfeeding, breast care during pregnancy, and adequate nutrition for breastfeeding mothers so that breast milk production is met

The Relationship between Mother's Knowledge of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding can reduce child mortality globally by 10% each year. Based on data obtained from the results of a preliminary study on November 16, 2021, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of ​​the Sukorame Community Health Center, Kediri City, consisted of 25 infants aged &lt; 6 months, 17 infants were exclusively breastfed, while 8 infants were not given exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of mothers with exclusive breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers in the working area of ​​the Sukorame Community Health Center, Kediri City 2021. The research objectives include a correlational analytic research design, and based on data sources including the primary research design. The population in this study were 63 mothers who had babies aged 6-12 months in the working area of ​​the Sukorame Community Health Center, Kediri City. By using purposive sampling technique with a sample of 55 breastfeeding mothers. The statistical test used is Spearman Rho.The results of the study almost half (47.3%) had less knowledge and did not give exclusive breastfeeding. From the results of the Spearman Rho statistical test, it was found that = 0.000 &lt; = 0.05 so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers in the work area of ​​the Sukorame Community Health Center, Kediri City in 2022.It is hoped that health workers at the Puskesmas will be able to carry out health promotion and assistance to mothers such as counseling about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.

Behavior of Working Mothers in Exclusive Breast Milk in The Work Area of Bulili Public Health Center

This study aimed to determine working mothers' behavior in exclusive breastfeeding in the Bulili Health Center Work Area, South Palu District. The research method applied qualitative with a case study approach. The research informants were 13, determined by the purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the predisposing factors with knowledge and attitude variables were still limited; the informants did not know the exact meaning of exclusive breastfeeding, the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, and the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. Supporting factors with health facilities infrastructure and facilities at work variable are not yet available optimally. While the family support variable can be said to be lacking, this is influenced by the lack of family knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding. The definition of exclusive breastfeeding is still relatively low also about attitudes, even due to the lack of knowledge, facilities, and infrastructure that support exclusive breastfeeding, such as lactation rooms; in this study, the support provided by the family is still relatively low