Economic Benefits Of Cooperation Research Articles

When Are Carbon Border Adjustment Measures Just?

Arguments in support of carbon border adjustment measures are often based on considerations of justice. Implementing carbon border adjustment measures would be necessary to, first, promote fair competition between corporations and, second, make carbon pricing instruments more effective and thus prevent the harms of dangerous climate change. Yet, both arguments tend to obscure considerations of distributive justice relative to the burdens of climate policies and the benefits of economic cooperation. In this article, we first explain why the case for carbon border adjustment measures based on the ideal of fair competition between corporations is flawed. Second, if the priority of harm avoidance over fair burden-sharing can justify carbon border adjustment measures, we argue that it does not justify all kinds of carbon border adjustment measures. On the contrary, it puts significant constraints on their design. We contend that just carbon border adjustment measures should include design features that allow for some form of carbon leakage risk, either via country-differentiated prices or via country-specific exemptions.

Soviet metallurgy in the eyes of American metallurgists: the second half of the 1950s. Metallurgical education – comparative analysis

The article reveals one small page from the history of development of metallurgical science and technology in the Soviet Union. We describe the establishment of scientific contacts between American and Soviet metallurgical scientists in the second half of the 1950s. The successes of the USSR in the space race demonstrated to the Western countries the real scientific and economic power of the country, showing the unconstructiveness of the policy of isolation and the benefits of economic cooperation. American specialists discovered the high level of development of metallurgical science and technology in the USSR. Ural Polytechnical Institute (UPI) was one of those universities visited by American guests. This article is devoted to this page of the history; it is a continuation of the authors’ material published earlier.

Soviet Metallurgy in the Eyes of American Metallurgists: Second Half of the 1950s. Metallurgical Education—Comparative Analysis

The paper reveals a small chapter of the history of the development of metallurgical science and technology in the Soviet Union. The point at issue is the development of scientific contacts between the American and Soviet metallurgical scientists in the second half of the 1950s. The successes of the USSR in the space race had demonstrated to the Western countries the real scientific and economic power of the country and thus shown both the unconstructiveness of the policy of isolation and the benefits of economic cooperation. The high level of development of metallurgical science and technology in the USSR had thus surprised the American specialists. The Ural Polytechnic Institute was one of those universities visited by the American guests. This paper is devoted to this chapter of history and continues the material published earlier.

India-Pakistan hydroelectricity issues: “questions” “differences” and “disputes”

ABSTRACT Political relationships and not the economic benefits of cooperation, guides India and Pakistan to take their respective stands on the hydroelectricity projects on the Indus River System. Therefore, almost all hydroelectricity projects on their shared river system have been strongly contested by one or the other riparian states. In recent years, the two countries have engaged in disputes on the Kishanganga Hydroelectricity Project on the Indian side of Jammu and Kashmir. Despite clearance by the Court of Arbitration in 2013, Pakistan raised other technical objections with the project. This article looks at India-Pakistan hydroelectricity issues, examines politics over the water and hydroelectricity projects, and analyzes difficulties in moving to a non-state centric approach.

Limitation of Liberalism in the Face of the Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique-Growth Triangle

This article analyses, in the light of the perspectives of liberalism, the factors that hinder the operations of sub-regional economic integration of the Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique-Growth Triangle (ZMMGT). To this end, it exposes the background of the ZMMGT, explores what governments of the three member-states have done in a bid to implement this concept effectively. In so doing, the article builds on primary data collected, through interviews, from key institutions and individuals charged with the task of spearheading the operations of ZMMGT. Besides, it triangulates this raw information with the review of existing literature on the subject. In concluding analysis, the article contends that liberalism, in its entirety, does not account for the failure to create economic integration of the sub-regions. This is notwithstanding its inherently perceived mutual benefits of economic cooperation as evidenced in the ZMMGT project. Keywords: Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique-Growth Triangle, Liberalism, Sub-regional Integration DOI : 10.7176/IAGS/73-03 Publication date :June 30 th 2019

Quantifying the environmental and economic benefits of cooperation: A case study in temperature-controlled food logistics

Inefficient road transportation causes unnecessary costs and polluting emissions. This problem is even more severe in refrigerated transportation, in which temperature control is used to guarantee the quality of the products. Organizing logistics cooperatively can help decrease both the environmental and the economic impacts. In Joint Route Planning (JRP) cooperation, suppliers and customers jointly optimize routing decisions so that cost and emissions are minimized. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) cooperation extends JRP cooperation by optimizing routing and inventory planning decisions simultaneously. However, in addition to their economic advantages, VMI and JRP may also yield environmental benefits. To test this assertion, we perform a case study on cooperation between a number of supermarket chains in the Netherlands. The data of this case study are analyzed to quantify both the economic and environmental benefits of implementing cooperation via JRP and VMI, using vehicle routing and an inventory routing models. We found that JRP cooperation can substantially reduce cost and emissions compared with uncooperative routing. In addition, VMI cooperation can further reduce cost and emissions, but minimizing cost and minimizing emissions no longer result in the same solution and there is a trade-off to be made.

The debating tradition in Britain and the new political economy: William Thompson and John Stuart Mill at the London Co-operative Society in 1825

Abstract: This paper reviews the debate between William Thompson and John Stuart Mill that happened at the London Co-operative Society in 1825 over the advantages of cooperation as against free competition. The general context of the controversy is provided by some historical background on British debating tradition within the working people. Next, the philosophical doctrines of Jeremy Bentham and Robert Owen are outlined as the main forces of social change in the 1820s, both of which would collide during the faceoff at the Co-operative Society. Following that, we examine William Thompson’s ideas on income distribution and the moral evils of competition. Lastly, we present John Mill’s approach to these same issues, showing that his basic conception of individual liberty did not change throughout his life, despite his late agreement with the economic benefits of cooperation. The final remarks stress the originality of the theoretical elements put forth in the debate.

Analysing the New Millennium Role and Place of Socio-economic Geography in Deepening Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration: The Case of South Africa and Zimbabwe

Proportional territorial distribution of productive forces historically determined the emergence of socio-economic geography. Deepening regional integration under scrutiny of socio-economic geography culminated in a system of economic regions. These economic regions were further used as special instruments on functional optimisation and management of productive forces guided by specialisation of labor. The process was influenced by scientific and technological advancements, which led to change from a single-sided to an integral multi-factor approach. In these circumstances socio-economic cultural regions emerged as functionally specialised territorial units presenting optimum combinations of productive and non-productive industrial sectors and enterprises. Within this context, the study analyses the role of socio-economic geography in better informing regional integration with reference to South Africa and Zimbabwe. New conceptual terms, such as socio-economic cultural disparities and territorial socio-economic cultural inequalities are proposed. Informed by transformation development theory, the study employs comparative methods of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. It analyses five aspects: (i) application of socio-economic geography to questions of regional integration; (ii) territorial differentiation, factors, forces and relations; (iii) Benefits of economic cooperation and integration for South Africa and Zimbabwe with global economy; (iv) essence of North-South and South-South dialogue; and (v) prospects of the role of socio-economic geography. The conclusions emphasise the role of socio-economic geography, using the newly defined concepts, in articulating a comprehensive theoretical and practical understanding of the processes needed to enhance regional integration.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL THEORY

One of the priorities of socio-economic reform in Ukraine is the modernization of the structure of the national economy and its growth. An effective structure of the economy, which will correspond to a socially oriented model of economic growth and will be based on the use of both the country’s competitive advantages in the global division of labour and the economic benefits of cooperation, will guarantee the independence of any country and will be the key to its dynamic development. The development of economic theory is due to the emergence of fundamentally new ideas, sustainable accumulation of knowledge, intellectual and meaningful updating of established concepts and theories, the formation of new scientific schools. A new paradigm of economic theory should explain the real processes in real economies, which operate on the principles of complex systems of synergistic nature and the theory of nonlinear dynamics. There is a process of theoretical polystructuredness both of mainstream and heterodoxy. An important task is to form an interdisciplinary dialogue between economists and scientists, which stipulates the relevance of the research topic. The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological foundations and approaches to state management of economic development in the context of the institutional theory. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and influence of public administration of the development of the economy in the context of institutional theory and to develop strategic goals of the state’s innovation policy. Methodology. Directions of correlation of the system of economic development of the country and the potential of the state development with the historical preconditions for the emergence and development of the institutional doctrine of economic theory are investigated. Based on the revealed interrelations, the necessity of using instruments of institutionalism for studying the economic development system is substantiated. The state, in all available ways, should encourage economic actors to develop and implement innovations, thereby creating favourable conditions for innovative and technological development of production, saturation of the domestic market with highly competitive goods and services, which, in turn, will strengthen export potential, fill the budgets of all levels, increase incomes of business entities, reduce unemployment and improve working conditions, increase social security of the population, and also strengthen the positive image of public administration and local self-government bodies. That is, the socio-economic development of the country depends directly on the innovation-technological potential and on the efficiency of public administration in its development at all levels of the economy. Conclusions. The author generalizes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the country’s development in the context of the institutional theory: the system of economic development of the state has a set of direct and indirect links with the historical background of the emergence and development of an institutional doctrine of economic theory; the revealed directions of correlation contribute to the formation of a scientific and methodological basis for further study of economic development and economic potential of a country (state) in the context of the institutional doctrine of economic theory in its relation to the public administration theory; the economic development of a country (state) depends on the institutional environment, in which it operates, and is both an object of its influence and a subject that determines its transformation. The author investigates the theoretical principles of state regulation of innovative and technological development of the country’s economy. The existing strategies and programs of innovative development and innovation activity in Ukraine are explored. The state of innovation and technology of the national economy and the potential of key sectors of the economy in terms of innovative development are analysed.

Promotion of Electricity from Renewable Energy in Europe Post 2020—The Economic Benefits of Cooperation

The availability of renewable energies differs significantly across European regions. Consequently, European cooperation in the deployment of renewable energy potentially yields substantial efficiency gains. However, for achieving the 2020 renewable energy targets, most countries purely rely on domestic production. In this paper, we analyze the benefits of cooperation compared to continuing with national renewable energy support after 2020. We use an optimization model of the European electricity system and find that compared to a 2030 CO2-only target (−40 % compared to 1990), electricity system costs increase by 5 to 7 % when a European-wide renewable energy target for electricity generation (of 55 %) is additionally implemented. However, these additional costs are 41 to 45 % lower than the additional costs which would arise if the renewable energy target was reached through national support schemes (without cooperation). Furthermore, the cost reduction achieved by cooperation is quite robust with regard to assumptions about interconnector extensions and investment cost developments of renewable energy technologies. In practice, however, administrative issues and questions concerning the fair sharing of costs and benefits between the Member States represent major obstacles that need to be tackled in order to reach renewable energy targets at the lowest costs possible.

ASEAN: Forum, Caucus, and Community

The most important benefits of ASEAN economic co-operation to date have probably derived more from the association's broad role in maintaining a harmonious international order than in the form of specific benefits of economic co-operation. This article considers the evolution of co-operation in ASEAN from a political-economy context, noting the considerable progress the association has made over the years. It addresses three principal issues in this context: what has been the motivation behind ASEAN co-operaiton in its 30 years of existence? How will new regional arrangements affect ASEAN co-operation? What will be the implications of the ASEAN enlargement for political and other forms of co-operation? I. Introduction ASEAN was created 30 years ago for a variety of political and security reasons, but it was formally described as a framework for economic, social and cultural co-operation. Ambiguity about the institution's character and purposes remains today. Some see ASEAN as a community of nations with such a significant set of common interests that it can establish a framework for internal economic and political co-operation within the grouping. For others, ASEAN can be more accurately described as a caucus, that is, a small group that exists to protect and project a specific set of common interests in larger global and regional arenas. ASEAN might also be described as a forum, which, like the United Nations, encompasses countries with such a heterogeneous set of institutions and interests that it must devote as much of its efforts to bridging and containing differences as to exploring and exploiting areas of co-operation. Whether ASEAN is basically community, caucus, or forum has important implications for its ability to undertake collective action. Today's ASEAN has elements of all the above, but at present it is probably more of a forum which can occasionally act as a caucus. While it would be difficult to describe it as a broad community with a strong sense of identity, there are ASEAN communities of elites and interests in specialized areas. However, ASEAN advocates and critics alike often want to project it as having more overall unity than is the current reality. To ASEAN enthusiasts this results in pipe dreams for actions beyond the grouping's capabilities and desires. Critics complain that ASEAN has admitted countries which call its community credentials into question or charge that the grouping has failed to develop effective means of co-operation in many areas, such as a common defense against currency speculation. In fact, from the beginning, ASEAN included countries with different kinds of political institutions and economic situations. Although the initial members all had close ties with the West, it was not, as often alleged, simply a Cold War organization with a common ideological orientation. The disparate outlooks and interests set political limitations from the beginning on the scope for collective action whether in economic or diplomatic spheres. The members co-operated where they could, and by unwritten consensus avoided bringing into ASEAN the issues on which they had differences. Most importantly, over time they sought to widen areas of co-operation. But since the interests of the members evolve and are reinterpreted over time - in part perhaps due to learning processes and identification-building associated with positive past experience with ASEAN co-operation -- there is an expectation that the caucus and community elements of ASEAN will increase. The ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) is an important example where a form of co-operation that was almost inconceivable a decade ago is now on a fast track towards realization.1 The establishment of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) for political and security discussions is another. This recent record of developing new areas for collective endeavours has given the original ASEAN members considerable confidence about their ability to act as a caucus and strengthen the elements of community while integrating the lesser-developed countries of Southeast Asia into the association. …

The Economics of Middle East peace: views from the region

This landmark collection of essays addresses the question: Given peace in the Middle East, then what? Focusing on the countries most immediately affected by the Arab-Israeli conflict, economists representing Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and the Occupied Territories offer differing perspectives on potential opportunities and difficulties and on the actions that would be required to redirect, rejuvenate, and sustain the economies of the region. The book opens with case studies of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and the West Bank and Gaza Strip. It then examines overall regional issues such as the economic consequences of peace and the economic reforms needed to maximize peace dividends. Essays in the last part focus on the transition to peace and the future economic development of the Palestinian, Israeli, Jordanian, and other regional economies. Topics addressed include the relation of defense spending to the economy, the implications of a peace for trade across borders, the benefits of economic cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians, and the role of foreign aid in economic reconstruction in the Middle East.