Benefits Of Resistance Exercise Research Articles

Older Adults' Knowledge and Perceptions of Whole Foods as an Exercise Recovery Strategy.

Resistance exercise is a widely advocated treatment for improving muscle strength and performance in older adults. Maximizing the benefit of resistance exercise by ensuring optimal recovery is an important aim and studies are now seeking interventions to expedite exercise recovery in older people. A recovery strategy that has acquired considerable interest is the consumption of protein, and more recently, the consumption of protein-rich whole foods. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of community-dwelling older adults, and determine their knowledge of exercise recovery strategies, their preferences for recovery strategies, and their attitudes toward using whole foods, such as milk as a post-exercise recovery aid. Two hundred ninety-one older adults (74 ± 4 years) were recruited to complete a self-administered online survey. A mixed methods approach was used to gather in-depth data from the cohort. Participants were asked to complete a combination of free-text (open-ended) and multiple-choice questions. Content analysis was conducted on responses to open-ended questions through a systematic classification process of coding. The most common recovery strategies reported were heat treatment, rest, and massage. Nutrition was rarely cited as a recovery strategy. Less than 2% of respondents mentioned nutrition, of these, only half mentioned a protein source. Forty-nine percent expressed negative opinions toward recovery supplements (e.g., “waste of money”) compared to 7% expressing positive opinions. Whole foods such as milk, meat, fish, and fruit, were deemed to be a more acceptable recovery strategy than supplements by 80% of respondents. Those that found whole foods to be equally as acceptable (18%), cited efficacy as their main concern, and those that declared whole foods less acceptable (2%) had no common reason. Despite the high acceptability of whole foods, only 35% were aware that these foods could aid recovery. When asked about milk specifically, the majority of older adults (73%) said this would, or might, be an acceptable exercise recovery strategy. Those that found milk an unacceptable recovery strategy (27%) often cited disliking milk or an allergy/intolerance. In conclusion, whilst whole foods represented an acceptable recovery intervention for older adults, the majority were unaware of the potential benefits of nutrition for post-exercise recovery.

Recruitment strategies and design considerations in a trial of resistance training to prevent dose-limiting toxicities in colon cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

Low muscle is associated with an increased risk of chemotherapy-related dose limiting toxicities (DLT) in cancer patients. Resistance training (RT) improves muscle mass; however, the effects of RT on preventing DLTs and dose reductions in colon cancer patients has not been investigated.FOcus on Reducing dose-limiting toxicities in Colon cancer with resistance Exercise (FORCE) is a multicenter, randomized clinical trial examining the effects of RT on relative dose intensity (RDI; primary outcome) and moderate and severe chemotoxicities (primary outcome) in non-metastatic colon cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients (N = 180) will be recruited from Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Penn State Cancer Institute. This paper describes recruitment strategies and design considerations.Patients will be randomized in equal numbers to RT intervention or control. Patients have baseline and post completion of chemotherapy visits where information on anthropometry, physical function, body composition, quality of life, physical activity and dietary behaviors, and inflammatory blood markers will be collected. Patient-reported outcomes of chemotherapy side effects will be collected around the time of chemotherapy throughout the duration of the trial. Intervention participants will be prescribed a progressive RT program consisting of 4–6 visits with a certified exercise trainer, delivered either in-person or remotely by video conference, and will be asked to engage twice weekly in-home training sessions. Control patients at the end of the study receive a consult with a FORCE exercise trainer, an online exercise RT training program and a set of resistance bands.Results of this trial will provide information on the benefit of resistance exercise as a treatment to increase RDI.

Physical Activity and Diabetes.

Physical Activity and Diabetes.

Benefits of resistance exercise in lean women with fibromyalgia: involvement of IGF-1 and leptin

BackgroundChronic pain and fatigue improves by exercise in fibromyalgia (FM) but underlying mechanisms are not known. Obesity is increased among FM patients and associates with higher levels of pain. Symptom improvement after aerobic exercise is affected by body mass index (BMI) in FM. Metabolic factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin may be involved. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the role of metabolic factors in lean, overweight and obese women during resistance exercise, in relation to symptom severity and muscle strength in women with FM.MethodsForty-three women participated in supervised progressive resistance exercise, twice weekly for 15-weeks. Serum free and total IGF-1, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), adiponectin, leptin and resistin were determined at baseline and after 15-weeks. Level of current pain was rated on a visual analogue scale (0–100 mm). Level of fatigue was rated by multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) subscale general fatigue (MFIGF). Knee extension force, elbow flexion force and handgrip force were assessed by dynamometers.ResultsFree IGF-1 (p = 0.047), IGFBP3 (p = 0.025) and leptin (p = 0.008) were significantly decreased in lean women (n = 18), but not in the overweight (n = 17) and the obese (n = 8). Lean women with FM benefited from resistance exercise with improvements in current pain (p= 0.039, n = 18), general fatigue (MFIGF, p = 0.022, n = 18) and improved elbow-flexion force (p = 0.017, n = 18). In overweight and obese women with FM there was no significant improvement in pain or fatigue but an improvement in elbow flexion (p = 0.049; p = 0.012) after 15 weeks of resistance exercise.ConclusionThe clearest clinical response to resistance exercise was found in lean patients with FM. In these individuals, individualized resistance exercise was followed by changes in IGF-1 and leptin, reduced pain, fatigue and improved muscular strength. In overweight and obese women FM markers of metabolic signaling and clinical symptoms were unchanged, but strength was improved in the upper limb. Resistance exercise combined with dietary interventions might benefit patients with FM and overweight.Trial registrationThe trial was registered 21 of October 2010 with ClinicalTrials.gov identification number: NCT01226784.

Resistance Exercise Combined with Growth Hormone Augments Growth Parameters in a Male Adolescent with Cystic Fibrosis

In adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) the anabolic benefits of resistance exercise (RT) on skeletal muscle hypertrophy may synergize with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy exerting an effect greater than either alone. We present a male adolescent with CF taking rhGH, who began RT. During rhGH alone, weight, height and BMI increased 14, 12 and 10 centiles (21st, 21st, 26th), respectively. When combined with RT, BMI, height and weight rose to the 48%, 47%, and 41%, respectively. While a single experience, combining RT with rhGH treatment may promote overall health improvement beyond that expected in adolescent males with CF on rhGH.

Muscle wasting in end-stage renal disease promulgates premature death: established, emerging and potential novel treatment strategies

Muscle wasting (or sarcopenia) is a common feature of the uremic phenotype and predisposes this vulnerable patient population to increased risk of comorbid complications, poor quality of life, frailty and premature death. The old age of dialysis patients is in addition a likely contributor to loss of muscle mass. As recent evidence suggests that assessment of muscle strength (i.e. function) is a better predictor of outcome and comorbidities than muscle mass, this opens new screening, assessment and therapeutic opportunities. Among established treatment strategies, the benefit of resistance exercise and endurance training are increasingly recognized among nephrologists as being effective and should be promoted in sedentary chronic kidney disease patients. Testosterone and growth hormone replacement appear as the most promising among emerging treatments strategies for muscle wasting. As treatment of muscle wasting is difficult and seldom successful in this often old, frail, sedentary and exercise-hesitant patient group, novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize recent studies on stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, myogenic stem (satellite) cells and manipulation of transforming growth factor family members, all of which hold promise for more effective therapies to target muscle mass loss and function in the future.

Abstract 645: Aerobic Vs. Resistance Exercise Training In Ovariectomized Hypertensive Rats: Cardiovascular And Oxidative Stress Evaluations

Hypertension becomes more prevalent in menopause women. Aerobic exercise has been indicated as a nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension, however the benefits of resistance exercise are not well know. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of aerobic or resistance exercise training on cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress profile in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. Female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into 4 groups (n=8 each): sedentary (HS), sedentary ovariectomized(HSO), aerobic trained ovariectomized (HATO) and resistance trained ovoriectomized (HRTO). The moderate intensity aerobic training (AT) was performed on a treadmill (8 weeks) and the moderate intensity resistance exercise training (RT) was performed on a vertical ladder with weights attached to the rat tail (8 weeks). Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were directly recorded and baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by bradycardic (BR) and tachycardic responses (TR). Oxidative stress was evaluated in cardiac tissue by chemiluminescence, the ratio of glutathione reductase/glutathione oxidized (GSSG-GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant enzyme activities. The exercise training induced a reduction in mean AP in trained groups compared to sedentary groups. HR was similar between groups. The AT increased TR in relation to other groups (HATO:-2.74±0.15 vs. HRTO: -1.42±0.2, HSO: -1.4±0.17 e HS -1.91±0.2 bpm/mmHg).However, BR was improved in both HATO (-1.38±0.07 bpm/mmHg) and HRTO (-1.34±0.05 bpm/mmHg) in relation to HS and HSO groups (-1.12±0.1 and -1.01±0.09 bpm/mmHg). Lipid peroxidation was reduced in trained groups in relation to sedentary groups (HRTO: 3538±168 and HATO: 4485±310 vs. HSO: 6514±547 and HS: 6661±566 cps/mg prot). The ratio GSSG-GSH did not differ between groups, however GSSG was higher in HATO group as compared to other groups (HATO: 346±14.5 vs. HRTO: 260±12, HSO:271±12, HS:234±11 μmol/g tissue) and GSH was lower in HRTO group as compared to HATO (HRTO:19±2 vs. HATO: 26±0.7 μmol/g tissue). SOD increased in HRTO in relation to sedentary groups (HRTO: 16.86±0.56 vs. HS:11.47±0.41, HSO: 11.17±0.41 USOD/mg prot) and GPx was higher in HRTO in relation to HSO (HRTO: 60±2.8 vs. HSO: 38.5±1.67 nmol/min/mg prot). In conclusion, aerobic or resistance exercise training induced a reduction in AP, associated with attenuation of baroreflex dysfunction and improvement in oxidative profile in cardiac tissue in ovariectomized hypertensive rats, suggesting a positive role of these nonpharmacological approachs in the management of cardiovascular risk in hypertension after hormones deprivation. Financial Support: FAPESP(2011/16441-0, 2011/15828-9,2010/17188-4)

1075 BENEFITS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE TRAINING IN OVARIECTOMIZED SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease and increase in menopause women. Aerobic Exercise has been indicated as a nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension, however the benefits of resistance exercise are not well know. Objectives: Investigate the effects of resistance exercise on cardiovascular autonomic control in ovariectomized hypertensive rats Methodos: Female Wistar (W) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): sedentary W (WS), sedentary SHR (HS), sedentary ovariectomized SHR (HSO) and trained ovariectomized SHR (HTO). The resistance exercise training (RT) was performed in a vertical ladder with weights attached to rat tail (8 weeks; 40-50% maximal load). Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were directly recorded and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was evaluated by bradycardic (BR) and tachycardic responses (TR). Results: The mean arterial pressure was higher in HSO (180 ± 4.5 mmHg) and HS (172 ± 3.1 mmHg) compared to HTO (158 ± 2.3 mmHg) and WS (113 ± 1.5 mmHg). The RT induced resting bradycardia (HTO: 322 ± 8.6 bpm) in relation to the other groups. The TR was lower in HS (-1.81 ± 0.06 bpm/mmHg) and HSO (-0.92 ± 0.14 bpm/mmHg) in relation to WS (-2.67 ± 0.2 bpm/mmHg), and was additionally attenuated by ovariectomy (HSO vs. HS). The hypertensive groups had lower BR when compared to WS. The HTO group (-1.42 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg) showed higher TR in relation to HSO group. Conclusions: Moderate intensity dynamic resistance exercise training induced a reduction in blood pressure and attenuated baroreflex dysfunction in ovariectomized hypertensive rats, suggesting a positive role of this nonpharmacological approach in the management of cardiovascular risk in hypertension after hormones deprivation.

Influence of resistance exercise on lean body mass in aging adults: a meta-analysis.

sarcopenia plays a principal role in the pathogenesis of frailty and functional impairment that occur with aging. There are few published accounts that examine the overall benefit of resistance exercise (RE) for lean body mass (LBM) while considering a continuum of dosage schemes and/or age ranges. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effects of RE on LBM in older men and women while taking these factors into consideration. this study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. Randomized controlled trials and randomized or nonrandomized studies among adults ≥ 50 yr were included. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochran Q and the I statistics, and publication bias was evaluated through physical inspection of funnel plots as well as formal rank-correlation statistics. Mixed-effects meta-regression was incorporated to assess the relationship between RE dosage and changes in LBM. data from 49 studies, representing a total of 1328 participants, were pooled using random-effect models. Results demonstrated a positive effect for LBM, and there was no evidence of publication bias. The Cochran Q statistic for heterogeneity was 497.8, which was significant (P < 0.01). Likewise, I was equal to 84%, representing rejection of the null hypothesis of homogeneity. The weighted pooled estimate of mean LBM change was 1.1 kg (95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.2 kg). Meta-regression revealed that higher-volume interventions were associated (β = 0.05, P < 0.01) with significantly greater increases in LBM, whereas older individuals experienced less increase (β = -0.03, P = 0.01). RE is effective for eliciting gains in LBM among aging adults, particularly with higher-volume programs. Findings suggest that RE participation earlier in life may provide superior effectiveness.