Benefits Of Calcium Supplementation Research Articles

Review study on benefits of calcium supplementation on adolescent Bone mineral density

Because of the new distribution of two epidemiological investigations and one meta-examination of randomized controlled clinical preliminaries, the relationship between calcium supplementation and antagonistic cardiovascular occasions has as of late turned into a subject of discussion. The reports demonstrate that there is a critical expansion in antagonistic cardiovascular occasions following supplementation with calcium; notwithstanding, various specialists have raised various issues with these reports, for example, irregularities in endeavors to duplicate the discoveries in different populaces and questions concerning the legitimacy of the information because of low consistence, predispositions on the off chance that ascertainment, and additionally an absence of change. The reports demonstrate that there is a huge expansion in antagonistic cardiovascular occasions following supplementation with calcium; notwithstanding, these reports have been reprimanded for furthermore, the Women's Health Initiative, the Auckland Calcium Study, and a significant number of different investigations that were remembered for the meta-examination acquired information from subjects who had calcium levels that were inside the ordinary reach. Along these lines, it is indistinct whether a similar gamble profile would be seen in populaces that had low calcium admissions.

Review study on benefits of calcium supplementation on adolescent bone mineral density

Because of the new distribution of two epidemiological investigations and one meta-examination of randomized controlled clinical preliminaries, the relationship between calcium supplementation and antagonistic cardiovascular occasions has as of late turned into a subject of discussion. The reports demonstrate that there is a critical expansion in antagonistic cardiovascular occasions following supplementation with calcium; notwithstanding, various specialists have raised various issues with these reports, for example, irregularities in endeavors to duplicate the discoveries in different populaces and questions concerning the legitimacy of the information because of low consistence, predispositions on the off chance that ascertainment, and additionally an absence of change. The reports demonstrate that there is a huge expansion in antagonistic cardiovascular occasions following supplementation with calcium; notwithstanding, these reports have been reprimanded for furthermore, the Women's Health Initiative, the Auckland Calcium Study, and a significant number of different investigations that were remembered for the meta-examination acquired information from subjects who had calcium levels that were inside the ordinary reach. Along these lines, it is indistinct whether a similar gamble profile would be seen in populaces that had low calcium admissions. Furthermore, the skeletal advantages of calcium supplementation are more noteworthy in subjects with low calcium admissions.

Bilateral Basal Ganglia Calcification Secondary to FAHRs Syndrome: A Rare Entity

Background and importance: Fahr’s syndrome is also known as idiopathic calcification of the basal ganglia. It is described as a rare, degenerative, neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by seizures, extrapyramidal, and neuropsychiatric symptoms as a result of symmetric and bilateral calcifications within the basal ganglia. Involvement of the nucleus pallidus, the putamen, the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, and the hemispheric white matter at the base of the skull, are common radiological hallmarks of this syndrome. The calcification probably occurs due to lipid deposition and demyelinization. Clinical presentation: We present the case of a post thyroidectomy patient with hypoparathyroidism (HPT) with incidentally detected basal ganglia calcification (BGC). Retrospectively the patient was found to have hypocalcemia, secondary to a total thyroidectomy performed on her, 2 years ago. The second case was that of a 35 year old patient who presented with sudden onset of “worst headache of his life” since the previous night associated with multiple episodes of vomiting. Here we discuss our clinical dilemma and treatment strategy. Conclusion: In presence of BGC, HPT should be investigated, especially in patients who have undergone thyroidectomy, since in the early stage, the recovery could be expedited with a precise diagnosis and prompt treatment. This case report illustrated the benefits of calcium supplementation and calcitriol, even with the patient being in advanced stage of disease.

Short-term and long-term effects of osteoporosis therapies.

Progress continues to be made in the development of therapeutics for fracture prevention. Bisphosphonates are now available orally and intravenously, often as inexpensive generics, and remain the most widely used interventions for osteoporosis. The major safety concern associated with the use of bisphosphonates is the development of femoral shaft stress fractures and, although rare, this adverse event affords the principal rationale for restricting bisphosphonate therapy to those individuals with femoral T-scores <-2.5, and for providing drug holidays in those individuals requiring therapy for >5 years. Newer antiresorptive therapies, in the form of denosumab and cathepsin K inhibitors, might increase efficacy and possibly circumvent some of the safety concerns associated with bisphosphonate use (for example, gastrointestinal and renal complications). The combination of teriparatide with antiresorptives markedly increases effects on BMD; new anabolic agents are also very promising in this regard. However, whether or not these changes in BMD translate into improved efficacy of fracture prevention remains to be determined. Vitamin D is important for the prevention of osteomalacia, but does not influence BMD or fracture risk in patients not deficient in vitamin D. The balance of risks and benefits of calcium supplementation is contentious, but patients should be encouraged to adhere to a balanced diet aimed at maintaining a healthy body weight. Consideration of a patient's risk of falling, and its mitigation, are also important. In this Review, I summarize the short-term and long-term effects of osteoporosis therapies.

The risks and benefits of calcium supplementation.

The association between calcium supplementation and adverse cardiovascular events has recently become a topic of debate due to the publication of two epidemiological studies and one meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. The reports indicate that there is a significant increase in adverse cardiovascular events following supplementation with calcium; however, a number of experts have raised several issues with these reports such as inconsistencies in attempts to reproduce the findings in other populations and questions concerning the validity of the data due to low compliance, biases in case ascertainment, and/or a lack of adjustment. Additionally, the Auckland Calcium Study, the Women's Health Initiative, and many other studies included in the meta-analysis obtained data from calcium-replete subjects and it is not clear whether the same risk profile would be observed in populations with low calcium intakes. Dietary calcium intake varies widely throughout the world and it is especially low in East Asia, although the risk of cardiovascular events is less prominent in this region. Therefore, clarification is necessary regarding the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events following calcium supplementation and whether this relationship can be generalized to populations with low calcium intakes. Additionally, the skeletal benefits from calcium supplementation are greater in subjects with low calcium intakes and, therefore, the risk-benefit ratio of calcium supplementation is likely to differ based on the dietary calcium intake and risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases of various populations. Further studies investigating the risk-benefit profiles of calcium supplementation in various populations are required to develop population-specific guidelines for individuals of different genders, ages, ethnicities, and risk profiles around the world.

Influence of calcium supplements on the occurrence of cardiovascular events

The current literature on the effects of calcium supplementation on cardiovascular health is reviewed. A comprehensive literature search identified reports on 13 observational studies and 9 clinical trials pertaining to calcium supplement use and the risk of adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke; cardiovascular events were not primary endpoints of any of the reviewed studies, most of which focused on the effects of calcium use on bone health. Several large cohort studies by researchers in Australia, France, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere have found no significant associations between moderate calcium supplementation and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in otherwise healthy individuals; in some studies, calcium use appeared to confer preventive benefits. However, evidence from other studies suggests that increased calcium supplementation may be associated with an increased risk of MI, as well as a possible link between elevated serum calcium levels and carotid artery plaque buildup. In general, the studies of calcium use and cardiovascular health published to date have had important limitations (e.g., small samples, homogeneous study populations, reliance on self-reported data, lack of or inadequate controlling for established CVD risk factors), and the findings should be interpreted with caution. The results of studies on the influence of calcium supplements on the cardiovascular system have been varied. Overall, the benefits of calcium supplementation, including the positive effects on bone health, appear to outweigh the theoretical risk of increased cardiovascular events.

Changing Recommendations for Calcium Supplementation

Emerging evidence in the prevention of osteoporosis has given rise to new thinking about supplementation with calcium. Previously held tenets were that the likely benefit of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis and reduce fracture risk outweighed any potential risk given the benign side-effect profile of these supplements. In an examination of evidence both for and against the benefits of calcium supplementation, readers should now take into account the association of increased risk of cardiovascular events that has been reported.

Factors associated with use of calcium and calcium/vitamin D supplements in older Mexican Americans: Results of the hispanic EPESE study

Background: Current studies indicate that older Mexican Americans take fewer calcium or calcium/vitamin D supplements than do older non-Hispanic whites. Factors associated with calcium supplement use are not completely understood in this ethnic group. Objective: The purpose of this article was to determine the prevalence of calcium or calcium/vitamin D supplementation and factors associated with their use in older Mexican Americans. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a random sample of older Mexican Americans residing in the southwestern United States who had participated in the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly. Self-identified Mexican Americans ≥75 years of age were enrolled through household interviews in 2004–2005. Each subject was asked to bring all prescription and nonprescription medications that they had used regularly during the previous 2 weeks to allow the interviewer to record the product names. Dosages were not recorded. Subjects were assigned to 1 of 3 categories based on their use of calcium or calcium/vitamin D supplements during the previous 2 weeks: (1) calcium supplement only, (2) calcium/vitamin D supplement, or (3) vitamin D supplement only. The subjects' sociodemographic and cultural factors, self-reported health and functional status, cognitive status, number of comorbidities, and use of antiosteoporosis medications were recorded. Results: A total of 2069 older Mexican Americans (1272 women, 797 men; mean age, 81.9 years) were enrolled. The overall prevalence of calcium supplement use was 10.6% (weighted). Calcium supplements were used more often by women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.17–2.63), subjects with multiple comorbidities (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10–1.50), those who interviewed in English (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06–2.40), and those who used antiosteoporosis medications (OR = 3.57; 95% CI, 1.85–6.89). Conclusions: Use of calcium or calcium/vitamin D supplements was low (<60%) among this group of older Mexican Americans. Men are particularly at risk. More should be done to raise awareness regarding the benefits of calcium supplementation in this ethnic group.

Skeletal benefits from calcium supplementation are limited in children with calcium intakes near 800 mg daily

Calcium supplementation enhances bone mass accrual during administration, with a sustained benefit observed using milk-based calcium but not calcium salts. We tested the hypothesis that calcium from milk minerals but not calcium carbonate will be sustained after supplementation was discontinued. Ninety-nine pre-pubertal boys and girls aged 5-11 years were followed for 12 months after being randomized to receive 800 mg/day of calcium from milk minerals (MM) or calcium carbonate (CC), or a placebo (Pla) in a 10-month double blind study. Total body and regional BMC, and femoral shaft bone dimensions were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Group differences were determined using ANCOVA. In the intention to treat analysis of the entire sample, no group differences were observed in increments in BMC or bone dimensions during or after supplementation. In those children who remained pre-pubertal, greater gains in pelvis BMC in the milk mineral group than controls were sustained (37.9 versus 29.3% respectively, p<0.02). In healthy children consuming about 800 mg calcium daily, calcium supplementation with milk minerals or calcium carbonate does not appear to be produce biologically meaningful benefits to skeletal health. A benefit of calcium supplementation in pre-pubertal was evident, but inconclusive, with the biological significance of the effect of calcium supplementation at the pelvis, and the longevity of this effect to be determined.

Hypertension in pregnancy: current concepts of preeclampsia.

Hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, superimposed preeclampsia) are the most common medical complications of pregnancy and constitute a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Prediction of those women destined to develop preeclampsia remains elusive. The benefits of calcium supplementation for prevention of preeclampsia are encouraging; however, the definitive study is not yet complete. Aspirin therapy for high-risk has not been helpful; results of therapy for high-risk women are pending. More experience is being gained with antihypertensive therapy and expectant management in severe preeclampsia. Conservative management of severe preeclampsia, when performed in a tertiary care center, may benefit a select group of women and their fetuses.

Beliefs About Osteoporosis

The awareness of osteoporosis as a common problem with a large degree of associated morbidity has increased recently. In this article, three beliefs concerning osteoporosis are examined. These beliefs concern the usefulness of radiologic screening for osteoporosis, the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures, and the benefit of calcium supplementation. It is concluded that as a widely used screening test, radiologic examination does not greatly aid in the estimation of risk of future bone fracture; that fewer than one fourth of women will ever have a meaningful complication from excessive bone loss; and that, although low calcium intake is probably inadvisable, the present data do not allow us to recommend any certain level of calcium intake as being optimal.