Program Beneficiaries Research Articles

Becoming Eligible for Long-Term Care Insurance in China Brought More Ageing at Home: Evidence from a Pilot City

Abstract Person-centered long-term care systems, integral to healthy ageing, should empower older people to achieve ageing in place. Yet evidence on the impact of the design of long-term care systems on older people’s choice of places of ageing, especially that from developing countries, is limited. Taking the introduction of Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) in City X of China as a policy shock, we examined the impact of becoming eligible for LTCI on program beneficiaries’ choice of places of ageing—institution or home—before they started to receive any actual benefit. Based on our analysis of the administrative data of all LTCI applicants between July 2017 and September 2020 from City X, we found that becoming eligible for LTCI increased an older-person’s probability of choosing home as her place of ageing even before she received any benefit by around 16 percentage points, and this positive impact was larger for those insured of higher education level or of higher disability grade. By bring more ageing in place, the LTCI in City X promoted healthy ageing. Our study suggests that the specifics of the LTCI program like who could receive subsidies, family values, and family members’ engagement in labor market could all work together to shape the substitution pattern between home and institutional care.

Shooting a moving target: Evaluating targeting tools for social programs when income fluctuates

A key challenge for policymakers in low- and middle-income countries is to design a method to select beneficiaries of social programs when income is unobservable and volatile. We use a unique panel dataset of a random sample of households in Colombia’s social registry that contains information before, during, and after the 2020 economic crisis to evaluate a traditional static proxy-means test (PMT) and three policy-relevant alternatives. We consider targeting metrics and social welfare under different curvatures of governments’ social welfare function, aggregate economic environments, and budgetary and political constraints. Updating the PMT data does not improve social welfare relative to the static PMT. Relaxing the eligibility threshold reduces the exclusion error, increases the inclusion error, and increases social welfare. A dynamic method that uses data on shocks to estimate a variable component of income reduces exclusion errors and limits the expansion in coverage, increasing social welfare during the economic crisis.

Assessing potential for policy feedback from renewable energy incentive programs

Climate advocates look optimistically to policy feedback as a mechanism for locking-in a decarbonization policy trajectory, but little research has examined whether and how climate legislation creates constituencies that could provide future political support. This article focuses on incentive programs supporting investment in solar PV and the potential for policy feedback through participating households. We first develop a framework of feedback potential that considers the volume and partisanship of incentive program beneficiaries and their distribution across electoral districts. We then apply the framework to New York State’s solar PV incentive program, which enabled over 140,000 households to install solar PV. We find that the number of solar PV incentive beneficiaries is positively associated with Republican vote share, suggesting potential for a strong pro-solar constituency in the pivotal, Republican-led districts. Within electoral districts, however, beneficiaries skew Democratic, raising questions about the direction of policy feedback. The results carry implications for the kind of politics that incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act may set in motion in the coming years.

Socioeconomic Impact Of Department Of Social Welfare And Development’s (DSWD’S) Implementation Of Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) 2021 At Del Carmen, Siargao Islands, Surigao Del Norte

This study evaluates the socioeconomic impact of the Department of Social Welfare and Development's (DSWD) Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) implemented in 2021 within the community of Del Carmen, Siargao Islands, and Surigao Del Norte. The primary objective is to assess the program's effectiveness in enhancing the economic conditions and overall well-being of its beneficiaries. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study involved 100 beneficiaries of the SLP-Livelihood Assistance Grant Program, each of whom received a grant of P15, 000 in 2021. Data collection encompassed both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, and subsequent analysis employed statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Spearman Rho Correlation. The findings reveal that the SLP has yielded substantial positive impacts on the lives of participants, notably enhancing income levels, employment rates, and overall quality of life. These improvements underscore the program's efficacy in fostering economic empowerment and social well-being within the community. However, the study also identifies areas where further attention and intervention are required. Specifically, challenges persist in promoting environmental sustainability and facilitating asset acquisition among beneficiaries. Based on these findings, the study proposes several recommendations to optimize the program's impact. These recommendations include integrating training on environmentally sustainable practices into the program, facilitating access to asset acquisition mechanisms such as grants and microfinance, tailoring interventions to address the specific needs of beneficiaries based on their income levels, establishing robust monitoring and evaluation systems, and promoting a holistic program design that encompasses not only economic empowerment but also social and environmental well-being. Addressing these identified challenges and implementing the proposed recommendations, the positive impact of the SLP can be amplified, contributing to sustainable community development and a marked improvement in the quality of life for beneficiaries in Del Carmen.

Socioeconomic Impact Of Department Of Social Welfare And Development’s (DSWD’S) Implementation Of Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) 2021 At Del Carmen, Siargao Islands, Surigao Del Norte

This study evaluates the socioeconomic impact of the Department of Social Welfare and Development's (DSWD) Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) implemented in 2021 within the community of Del Carmen, Siargao Islands, and Surigao Del Norte. The primary objective is to assess the program's effectiveness in enhancing the economic conditions and overall well-being of its beneficiaries. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study involved 100 beneficiaries of the SLP-Livelihood Assistance Grant Program, each of whom received a grant of P15, 000 in 2021. Data collection encompassed both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, and subsequent analysis employed statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Spearman Rho Correlation. The findings reveal that the SLP has yielded substantial positive impacts on the lives of participants, notably enhancing income levels, employment rates, and overall quality of life. These improvements underscore the program's efficacy in fostering economic empowerment and social well-being within the community. However, the study also identifies areas where further attention and intervention are required. Specifically, challenges persist in promoting environmental sustainability and facilitating asset acquisition among beneficiaries. Based on these findings, the study proposes several recommendations to optimize the program's impact. These recommendations include integrating training on environmentally sustainable practices into the program, facilitating access to asset acquisition mechanisms such as grants and microfinance, tailoring interventions to address the specific needs of beneficiaries based on their income levels, establishing robust monitoring and evaluation systems, and promoting a holistic program design that encompasses not only economic empowerment but also social and environmental well-being. Addressing these identified challenges and implementing the proposed recommendations, the positive impact of the SLP can be amplified, contributing to sustainable community development and a marked improvement in the quality of life for beneficiaries in Del Carmen.

Socioeconomic Impact Of Department Of Social Welfare And Development’s (DSWD’S) Implementation Of Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) 2021 At Del Carmen, Siargao Islands, Surigao Del Norte

This study evaluates the socioeconomic impact of the Department of Social Welfare and Development's (DSWD) Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) implemented in 2021 within the community of Del Carmen, Siargao Islands, and Surigao Del Norte. The primary objective is to assess the program's effectiveness in enhancing the economic conditions and overall well-being of its beneficiaries. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study involved 100 beneficiaries of the SLP-Livelihood Assistance Grant Program, each of whom received a grant of P15, 000 in 2021. Data collection encompassed both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, and subsequent analysis employed statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Spearman Rho Correlation. The findings reveal that the SLP has yielded substantial positive impacts on the lives of participants, notably enhancing income levels, employment rates, and overall quality of life. These improvements underscore the program's efficacy in fostering economic empowerment and social well-being within the community. However, the study also identifies areas where further attention and intervention are required. Specifically, challenges persist in promoting environmental sustainability and facilitating asset acquisition among beneficiaries. Based on these findings, the study proposes several recommendations to optimize the program's impact. These recommendations include integrating training on environmentally sustainable practices into the program, facilitating access to asset acquisition mechanisms such as grants and microfinance, tailoring interventions to address the specific needs of beneficiaries based on their income levels, establishing robust monitoring and evaluation systems, and promoting a holistic program design that encompasses not only economic empowerment but also social and environmental well-being. Addressing these identified challenges and implementing the proposed recommendations, the positive impact of the SLP can be amplified, contributing to sustainable community development and a marked improvement in the quality of life for beneficiaries in Del Carmen.

Cash transfers and the Phillips curve: The case of Brazil during the pandemic

This paper investigates the linear and nonlinear effects of the pandemic period on the dynamics of the Brazilian inflation through the estimation of a hybrid Phillips curve. Despite the undisputed socio-economic benefits, cash transfers paid by the government to low-income families increased inflation, with an estimated coefficient similar in magnitude to the output gap. The backward-looking component decreased while the forward-looking component increased sharply, suggesting a shift in the price-setting behavior toward anticipating fluctuations in the business cycle. There was also a significant reduction in the flatness of the Phillips curve, as the output gap coefficient more than doubled during this period. These findings might be explained by the unprecedented combination of sectorial increases in demand, a decrease in aggregate supply, anticipated money supply growth, and loose monetary policy. They unveil an undesired side effect of cash transfers on inflation that adversely affected the purchase power of the program beneficiaries.

Evaluating the Impact of Long-Term Demographic Changes on Local Participation in Italian Rural Policies (2014–2020): A Spatial Autoregressive Econometric Model

This study elaborates on a typology of demographic change and tests this definition at the lowest granular level (LAU2, municipality) with official data. This typology distinguishes between fragile and resilient municipalities based on population dynamics (in terms of duration and intensity) over 1991–2021. This study’s second aim is to elaborate a spatial autoregressive econometric model to evaluate to what extent and in which direction the rate of participation of potential beneficiaries of the Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) of 2014–2020 is affected by demographic change and other explanatory variables. Regression models compare the results of the OLS (aspatial) and spatial autoregressive models (SAR) of four types of participation rates (all RDP schemes; all LEADER schemes; sectoral schemes of RDP and LEADER; non-sectoral schemes of RDPs and LEADER). This comparison makes it possible to understand the differences between centralised and decentralised management and between sectoral and broader rural-targeted schemes. The results of the models appear attractive in interpreting the role of RDP instruments in different regions and local areas. First, the rate of participation is strongly dependent on macro-regional differences. Regarding the demographic factors at the local level, this study highlights that demographic fragility does not necessarily hamper the use of RDP measures. Conversely, the participation rate in RDP policy schemes seems particularly significant in very fragile areas, whereas significance has yet to be proved in other demographic typologies. This result holds particularly true for the policy uptake of non-sectoral schemes. Furthermore, LEADER decentralised interventions fit the fragile areas more than resilient and vital ones due to the territorially targeted approach followed by the Local Action Groups.

Impact of urban productive safety net program on urban households' asset accumulation and food consumption rate in Dessie City, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Agriculture is the driver of economic growth in many developing countries like Ethiopia, where it often represents at least 25% of gross domestic product. But the quality and productivity of the land depends on the way agriculture is practiced. Better agricultural techniques are necessarily including Productive Safety net Program. Urban Productive Safety Net Program is designed to support the poor households and establish urban safety net mechanisms. While several studies have examined the effects of rural productive safety net programs, the outcomes of similar programs in urban areas are not well documented. This knowledge gap hinders the ability to effectively design and implement urban productive safety net programs. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of urban productive safety net program on asset accumulation and consumption rate in Dessie city. Both primary and secondary data sources were used. A total of 112 households were selected randomly among the public work Urban Productive Safety Net Program beneficiary and non-beneficiary households. Descriptive analysis, inferential statistics and econometric models were used for analysis. Based on the econometric estimation results the demographic and socio-economic variables such as education, access to credit, access to extension services and adult male labor force revealed positive relation to public work urban productive safety net program beneficiary and non-beneficiary household's asset accumulation and consumption. The impact of program participation was also found to be positive and significant for both home asset and community asset. While food and non-food consumption even the total consumption and food security status are also positive. Generally, the result indicated that, due to program participation beneficiary households have higher home asset and community asset and better consumption and food security status.

Impact assessment of public policies in the municipalities covered by the Brazilian Incentive program for alternative electricity sources (PROINFA)

Assessing the impacts of public policy allows us to show if public resources were used in an efficient way and if it has reached the population in a democratic way. The expansion of the electric sector benefits the entire population, providing social well-being and not only an interventionist economic policy. This article has assessed the impact of public policy in the municipalities covered by PROINFA - Incentive Program for Alternative Energy Sources. This program was based on the insertion of renewable sources on Brazilian power matrix, hitched to the principles of energy efficiency, economic development, and the promotion of social well-being. A program analysis ex post e ex ante was performed and used the econometric models PSM and Diff-in-Diff about socioeconomic indicators, from 2002 to 2018. The control group was the municipalities that received power plants benefited by PROINFA and the treatment group, those municipalities that showed similar features through the selected covariates. Results has showed that PROINFA presented a 10 % rise in per capita incoming on municipalities, 13,82 % in number of formal workers and 0,39 % in capital expenditure, demonstrating that program beneficiaries have achieved economic and social development. The ex-ante e ex post analysis of the public policy has indicated a good program coordination level between the organizations which has planned and executed the policy, MME and Eletrobrás, and used suitable methods for the achievement of the purposes in the implementation of the policy. It is concluded that PROINFA made positive impacts to the municipalities within its scope and collaborated with its regional development, as a policy aimed to ensure the sustainability of the economic development, which certainly requires planning and government engagement.Assessment of the impacts of public policies can confirm if public resources were used efficiently and if the population was reached democrately. Expansion of the electric sector benefits the entire population, going further than just an interventionist economic policy and providing social well-being. This study evaluates the impact of public policies in the municipalities covered by the Brazilian Incentive Program for Alternative Electricity Sources (PROINFA). This program was based on introducing renewable sources in the Brazilian electricity matrix, aligned with the principles of energy efficiency, economic development, and the promotion of social well-being. Ex-post and ex-ante analyses are carried out for the program, employing the econometric models Propensity Score Matching and Difference-In-Differences, from 2002 to 2018. The control group encompassed the municipalities that benefitted from PROINFA (which received power plants) and the treatment group (municipalities that presented similar features through the selected covariates). Results show that PROINFA increased per capita income by 10 %, increased the number of formal workers by 13.82 %, and led to a growth of 0.39 % in capital expenditure, demonstrating that beneficiaries achieved economic and social development. The ex-ante and ex-post analyses of the public policy indicated good coordination between the organizations (responsible for planning and execution), the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy, and Eletrobrás. Suitable methods were employed for the achievement of the purposes in the implementation of the policy. PROINFA positively impacted the municipalities within its scope and collaborated with regional development as a policy aimed at ensuring the sustainability of economic growth.

Life Out of the Shadows: the Impacts of Regularization Programs on the Lives of Forced Migrants

Abstract We examine the well-being effects of a regularization program offered to half a million Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia. We collected data on more than 2000 such migrants and compared the well-being of those who arrived in Colombia before and after the date that defined program eligibility. Since this date was announced ex-post and was unknown to the public, we could credibly evaluate the program’s impact. We find that program beneficiaries experienced large improvements in well-being, including consumption per capita (a gain of 48%), monthly labor income (an increase of 22%), and health status (an increment of 1.2 standard deviations). These positive outcomes largely stemmed from improved access to services, particularly the social protection system, subsidized healthcare system, and financial services. We also find that the fiscal costs incurred by the Colombian government for a regularized migrant household are lower than those for an irregular migrant household.

Increasing Mustahik Welfare: The Role of Capital and Mentoring

Public welfare is the main goal of economic development in every country. One of the Islamic economic instruments that can be used to realise welfare in society is zakat. This study analyses the effect of productive zakat utilization in the form of capital and mentoring on mustahik welfare. This research is a quantitative research with Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis technique, with SmartPlS 4 software. The object of research is mustahik beneficiaries of the lapak berkah program. The sample used in this study was the entire existing population, namely 80 mustahik beneficiaries of the blessing stall programme. The results showed that capital has no effect on mustahik welfare. Furthermore, the assistance provided by zakat institutions has no effect on the welfare of mustahiks. This study measures the welfare of mustahik using the maqashid sharia method.

UTILIZATION OF ARECA NUT AS A CORROSION INHIBITOR AND ECOPRINT FABRIC MATERIAL BY THE SUKAKARYA VILLAGE WOMEN'S FARMING GROUP, MUSI RAWAS REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATRA

PT Pertamina EP Pendopo Field, within the GEMILANG (Movement for Women to Preserve Nature through Areca Nut Conservation) program, has successfully empowered the women of Sukakarya Village by promoting the cultivation and utilization of the abundant areca nut trees in the area. As beneficiaries of the GEMILANG program, the Melati Women's Farming Group (KWT Melati) has successfully produced health products from areca nuts, such as ginger areca nut tonic (bandrek) and areca nut juice. Since the program's inception in 2020, KWT Melati has become more productive, engaging in vegetable cultivation and organic fertilizer production using areca nut waste. As the program has grown, GEMILANG has become increasingly inclusive, involving more women from Sukakarya Village. New initiatives under GEMILANG now include the development of areca nuts as a corrosion inhibitor for the industrial sector, using areca nut waste in fabric production through eco-printing techniques, and exporting areca nuts.

Coffee Production Levels among Smallholder Farmers with and without Hanns. R. Neumann Stiftung Interventions in Rungwe and Mbeya Districts

This study examined and compared coffee production levels among smallholder farmers, those involved, and those not involved with Hanns R. Neumann Stiftung (HRNS) interventions since 2006. The study sample was selected using systematic and random sampling techniques, whereby 104 out of 413 respondents were selected from two wards and five villages within the HRNS intervention zone, as well as five villages without HRNS interventions; farmers in both groups being members of Umalila Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives (AMCOS) and Kyobo, Tutafika, and Ikuti AMCOS. The production levels were then compared for two samples in Mbeya and Rungwe Districts, respectively. Questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews were used to collect primary data, which were complemented by secondary data from documentary reviews. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and means, were employed to analyse socio-economic characteristics and coffee production parameters. The study findings revealed that smallholder coffee farmers’ yields increased significantly with HRNS interventions, reaching 248.66 kg/ha, compared to 115.18 kg/ha for coffee farmers outside the HRNS intervention. The findings indicate that HRNS interventions have a positive impact on smallholder coffee farmers who are beneficiaries of the HRNS program. Thus, the findings highlight the critical significance of government assistance in sustaining such programs. The study recommends for sustained Tanzanian government support for HRNS-like interventions, such as the continual provision of quality seedlings, fertilizers, and extension services to enhance coffee production. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of agricultural interventions by comparing smallholder farmers’ coffee production with and without HRNS interventions. It demonstrates the usefulness of HRNS in increasing yields, emphasizing the significance of focused interventions in coffee production.

Analysis Of The Uninhabitable House Social Rehabilitation Program At The Department Of Public Housing Settlement Areas And Land Affairs Surabaya

The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of the Uninhabitable House Program at the Department of Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Land Affairs of Surabaya regarding the issue of uneven distribution of program beneficiaries. This study was conducted using qualitative methods and a descriptive approach. Data were obtained through interviews with information sources and documentation in the form of graphs and tables managed by the researchers. The research location is at the Department of Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Land Affairs of Surabaya. The benefits provided by this research include giving the public insight into the implementation of the program by the responsible department and identifying the main problems and obstacles related to the Uninhabitable House Program in Surabaya. The results of the research indicate that the uneven distribution is due to community leaders who conduct the screening or selection of program beneficiaries not adequately assessing the eligibility for house repairs. Additionally, the program implementation team from the Department of Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Land Affairs faces challenges in the field. These challenges include issues with beneficiaries who have land disputes or whose land ownership is still under family status. Such problems stem from the beneficiaries themselves, related to land status or personal issues with family members. The researchers recommend closer cooperation between stakeholders, increased socialization from both the DPHSALA and community leaders, and the resolution of individual issues for Beneficiaries.

Ayushman Bharat Yojana – A Beneficiary Level Study

Ayushman Bharat Yojana, a nationwide public health insurance initiative administered by the Indian government, aims to provide free health insurance coverage to low-income individuals in the country. It is also referred to as PMJAY or Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana. Launched on September 23, 2018, this program is designed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their underlying commitment. Under the Ayushman Bharat scheme, approximately 100 million impoverished and vulnerable families in India will be covered, offering up to Rs. 5lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalizations. Additionally, the initiative proposes the establishment of 150,000 health and wellness centers nationwide, providing comprehensive primary healthcare services. Both public and privately affiliated medical facilities are eligible to offer healthcare services to beneficiaries of the insurance program. This program stands as one of the largest publicly funded health insurance initiatives globally. This paper is based on a combination of primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was collected from selected respondents in the study village of Parakuchi in the Kamrup Rural District of Assam. Secondary data was obtained from various online reports and articles. Among the 80 sample respondents, 38 individuals have already received their Ayushman Bharat cards, while 42 are still awaiting theirs. However, none of the respondents have utilized their cards yet, as they have recently received them and do not currently experience any major health issues.

Practices and Challenges of School-Based Feeding Program of Opol West District

The study examines the implementation of school-based feeding programs in the Opol West District for the 2023-2024 school year, focusing on practices and challenges. It aims to profile respondents, assess the level of practices and challenges, explore the relationship between these levels, and analyze differences in challenges based on respondent profiles. Using a descriptive survey approach, the study involved 162 class advisers managing feeding program beneficiaries, employing statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation for descriptive analysis, and Pearson-r and ANOVA for inferential analysis. The findings reveal that the feeding program was highly practiced, though challenges were identified, necessitating enhancements for better effectiveness and sustainability. A significant correlation was found between the level of practices and challenges, with differences in challenges based on respondent profiles, such as age, teaching experience, and position. The study concludes that addressing challenges, particularly in resource inventory, is crucial for the program's efficiency and sustainability. To improve the program, the study recommends that teachers pursue higher education, engage in workshops, and foster stakeholder involvement, parental participation, clear communication, and targeted resource allocation, alongside advanced staff training.

Nusantara Economic Hero Social Assistance Program as an Effort to Empower the Community in Kendari City

This research aims to find out the implementation and achievements of the Nusantara Economic Hero Social Assistance Program realized in Kendari City. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The informants in this study were determined based on the Purposive Sampling technique. The data collection technique was carried out through interviews with the Coordinator of the Family Hope Program of the Kendari City Social Service, Social Assistants, and Beneficiaries of the Social Assistance Program of the Nusantara Economic Heroes, then the data was obtained through observation and docuemnation studies, the data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively with an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of this study show that: 1) there are two categories of Nusantara Economic Heroes carried out in Kendari City, namely Regular Nusantara Economic Heroes and Independent Nusantara Economic Heroes; 2) the stages of empowerment of the Nusantara Economic Heroes in Kendari City are in accordance with the concept of empowerment stages proposed by Adi (2014) which consists of the Preparation Stage, Assessment Stage, Alternative Planning Stage of Programs or Activities, Action Plan Formulation Stage, Program Implementation Stage or Activity, Evaluation Stage, and Termination Stage; 3) the achievements of the Nusantara Economic Heroes program in Kendari City have been able to empower the beneficiaries, although there are still some beneficiaries who have not been able to maximize financial assistance from the Nusantara Economic Heroes.

Optimizing Decision-Making for Aid Allocation in Underdeveloped Regions Using the MOORA Method

The allocation of assistance for the Family Hope Program is a process that requires precision to ensure that assistance is given to those most in need. This research develops a Decision Support System (DSS) using the Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method for optimizing the selection of beneficiaries in disadvantaged villages which includes criteria used including education, toddlers, pregnant women, disabilities, elderly, income, employment, number of dependents, and house size. Each criterion is normalized and given a weight according to its level of importance. The results show that alternative A2 has the highest optimization value with Yi of 0.254, followed by A8 (0.208) and A5 (0.204). In contrast, alternatives A3 (0.029) and A10 (0.035) have the lowest optimization value. Matrix normalization and criteria weights show the significant influence of the criteria of education, pregnant women, elderly, income, number of dependents, and house size in the selection process. The implementation of DSS with the MOORA method is proven to increase efficiency and accuracy in the selection process of Family Hope Program beneficiaries, reduce subjective errors, and ensure assistance is channeled to those who really need it. Therefore, the MOORA method is recommended as an effective tool to optimize social assistance allocation, increase transparency, and reduce bias in decision-making.

Social mobility and CCT programs: The Bolsa Família program in Brazil

We investigate long-term outcomes related to social mobility and their determinants for low-income Brazilian households. More precisely, the first cohorts of beneficiaries of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program Bolsa Família (BFP); children aged between 7 and 16 in 2005, who are tracked for over a decade, until 2019. We use individual-level administrative data to analyze our two indicators of social mobility: (i) future emancipation from federal government social programs, and (ii) access to the formal labor market. We observe that formerly vulnerable children, beneficiaries of the CCT, find themselves in better socioeconomic conditions in adulthood. While 64 % of them, aged between 21 and 30 years in 2019, were no longer beneficiaries of federal government social programs, 45 % accessed the formal labor market at least once between 2015 and 2019. We also compare the characteristics of the formal employment they access with those of non-BFP beneficiaries during the same period. They have worse employment conditions, although better than informal positions typical of their parents. Furthermore, we investigate the association between local sociodemographic characteristics and individual social mobility. We find significant territorial heterogeneity associated with differences in better health and education infrastructures, and local economic activity.