Beneficial Method Research Articles

Moringa olifera leave extracts yielded from irradiated and unirradiated seeds cause toxicity and induce dysregulation of enzymatic activities in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is the most distractive polyphagous noctuid pest in tropical and subtropical regions. The current study was designed to examine the insecticidal activity of the water extract of Moringa olifiera leaves cultivated from unirradiated and 40 Gy irradiated seeds. Also, the effect of the extract on some digestive enzymes activities was assayed. The results indicated that the extract produced from 40 Gy irradiated seeds was more effective than those of unirradiated one. As well as, leaves extract produced from cultivated irradiated and unirradiated seeds decrease lipase protease and amylase activities of 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda and the highest decrease was in larvae fed on leaves produced from irradiated cultivated seeds. Therefore, the water extract of M. olifiera leaves cultivated from 40 Gy irradiated seeds might be seen as an environmentally beneficial pest management method.

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials from Vegetable Oils.

The production of materials based on fossil resources is yielding more sustainable and ecologically beneficial methods. Vegetable oils (VO) are one example of base materials whose derivatives rival the properties of their petro-based counterparts. Gaps exist however and one way to fill them is by employing sol-gel processes to synthesize organic-inorganic hybrid materials, often derived from silane/siloxane compounds. Creating Si─O─Si inorganic networks in the organic VO matrix permits the attainment of necessary strength, among other property enhancements. Consequently, many efforts have been directed to optimally achieve organic-inorganic hybrid materials with VOs. However, compatibilization is challenging, and desirable conditions for matching the inorganic filler in the organic matrix remain a key stumbling block toward wider application. Therefore, this review aims to detail recent progress on these new hybrids, focusing on the main strategies to polymerize and functionalize the raw VO, followed by routes highlighting the addition of the inorganic fillers to obtain desirable composites.

Towards Sustainable Biomass Conversion Technologies: A Review of Mathematical Modeling Approaches

The sustainable utilization of biomass, particularly troublesome waste biomass, has become one of the pathways to meet the urgent demand for providing energy safety and environmental protection. The variety of biomass hinders the design of energy devices and systems, which must be highly efficient and reliable. Along with the technological developments in this field, broad works have been carried out on the mathematical modeling of the processes to support design and optimization for decreasing the environmental impact of energy systems. This paper aims to provide an extensive review of the various approaches proposed in the field of the mathematical modeling of the thermochemical conversion of biomass. The general focus is on pyrolysis and gasification, which are considered among the most beneficial methods for waste biomass utilization. The thermal and flow issues accompanying fuel conversion, with the basic governing equations and closing relationships, are presented with regard to the micro- (single particle) and macro-scale (multi-particle) problems, including different approaches (Eulerian, Lagrangian, and mixed). The data-driven techniques utilizing artificial neural networks and machine learning, gaining increasing interest as complementary to the traditional models, are also presented. The impact of the complexity of the physicochemical processes and the upscaling problem on the variations in the modeling approaches are discussed. The advantages and limitations of the proposed models are indicated. Potential options for further development in this area are outlined. The study shows that efforts towards obtaining reliable predictions of process characteristics while preserving reasonable computational efficiency result in a variety of modeling methods. These contribute to advancing environmentally conscious energy solutions in line with the global sustainability goals.

Utilization of quarry dust and periwinkle shell ash in concrete production.

The usage of plentiful raw discarded resources in the manufacturing of concrete has proven to be a sustainable and environmentally beneficial method of making concrete for a variety of purposes. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of concrete made by partially and fully substituting fine aggregates and ordinary Portland cement with periwinkle shell ash and quarry dust (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 100%), respectively, were examined. The ratio of water to cement utilized for the concrete mixture, 1:2:4, was 0.60. Fresh concrete underwent a slump test, and then 150-mm cubes of cured concrete were subjected to density, compressive strength tests, and morphological and structural property characterizations. The concrete without the waste materials gave an optimum compressive strength of 22.9 N/mm2 as opposed to those that were partially replaced, having 18.8-15.1 N/mm2. The concrete samples with full replacements of periwinkle shell ash and quarry dust have compressive strengths lower than 13.8 N/mm2. All the concrete samples produced with partial and full replacements are in the class of normal concrete, but only those with partial replacements of up to 20% can be utilized for load-bearing and non-load-bearing applications. Opting for these alternative waste materials implies taking steps towards creating a cleaner and healthier planet for now and the future.

How to manage a dry socket?- review of the latest treatment methods

Introduction Alveolar osteitis is the most common postoperative complication of tooth extraction. This medical condition has been recognized for decades, however its treatment approach is diverse with varying outcome. Aim of the study The purpose of this review is to examine and discuss contemporary methods of treating dry socket. Through a synthesis of available studies, the paper aims to identify the most beneficial methods to deal with this post-extraction complication. Materials and methods An analysis of scientific articles available in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. The study used publications from 2017 to 2024. The search process included the use of the following keywords: “dry socket”, “alveolar osteitis”, “alveolitis sicca dolorosa”, “socket pain treatment”. Results Thirty-five articles were selected and reviewed carefully and independently by all authors. The agents used in the treatment of dry socket were classified as: remedies, drugs and medications, blood products, and technologies. Each group of agents is described with a discussion of their therapeutic efficacy. Summary Dry socket is a common dental problem. Currently, non-invasive methods of treating this complication are preferred. Modern solutions can provide quick and effective therapy. The treatment should relieve discomfort and promote tissue regeneration. Despite various methods, there is still no clear opinion on the best way to treat dry socket.

EVALUATION OF CARBONATED PRODUCT FROM MINERAL CARBONATION OF MINING WASTE FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION

Mining operations generate significant quantities of waste containing alkaline earth silicates, which are valuable for carbon sequestration. Hence, the goal of this study is to assess the possibility of using mining waste to store carbon through a process of mineral carbonation. The study tested mineral carbonation under low reactivity conditions, including ambient pressure and low temperature, to evaluate the effect of pH levels on process efficiency. The samples were discovered to have an alkaline pH, suggesting that they were suitable for mineral carbonation reactions from the beginning. The carbonation process of the mineral was conducted at different pH levels of 8, 10, and 12. The findings showed that the carbonation efficiency was approximately 3%, with the highest level observed at pH 12. Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was observed that there was a multi stage transformation of minerals, which indicated the formation of carbonates containing iron and magnesium. The process captured approximately 33 and 39 g of CO2/kg. The process indicates that mine waste can be used as a source material for mineral carbonation, as demonstrated by the formation of iron and calcium carbonate products. This research demonstrates that mine waste has the potential for long-term carbon storage, offering a beneficial method for waste management and carbon capture strategies.

Comparison of Direct Intraoral Scan and Traditional Impression for CAD/CAM Mandibular Overdenture Base: RCT on Peri-implant Marginal Bone Changes.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of digital vs traditional impression techniques on peri-implant vertical bone resorption in the creation of mandibular overdenture bases supported by four implants using CAD/CAM technology. Twenty edentulous patients were placed in four mandibular implants and randomly divided into groups: (A) the control group (CIG) (n = 10); patients obtained CAD/CAM denture base using conventional impression technique and group (B) the study (DIG) group (n = 10); patients obtained CAD/CAM denture base using digital impression technique. Peri-implant vertical bone height was measured immediately (T0), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) months after insertion. Peri-implant vertical bone loss (VBL) was calculated first 6 months (T1), the second 6 months (T2), and 1 year (T3) after insertion. For both groups, the survival rates of inserted implants were 100%. The amount of VBL in the first year in both groups was within normal ranges. In both groups, VBL significantly decreased over time. The control group recorded significantly higher VBL than (DIG) group at T2 (p = 0.006) and at T3 (p = 0.005). Digital intraoral scanning technique may be considered a more beneficial registration method than traditional impression technique for the construction of CAD/CAM 4-implant-assisted overdenture base regarding the preservation of vertical bone levels. Both digital intraoral scanners and conventional impression techniques can be used for the construction of CAD/CAM-implant-assisted overdenture bases regarding the preservation of peri-implant vertical bone resorption. How to cite this article: Seifeldeen AR, Aboelez MA, Gebreel AA, et al. Comparison of Direct Intraoral Scan and Traditional Impression for CAD/CAM Mandibular Overdenture Base: RCT on Peri-implant Marginal Bone Changes. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(6):527-534.

Green synthesis of Zn-doped TIO2 nanoparticles from Zanthoxylum armatum

Green synthesis is an easy, safe, and environmentally beneficial nanoparticle creation method. It is a great challenge to simultaneously improve the capping and stabilizing agent carrier separation efficiency of photocatalysts. Herein, Zn-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with high exposure of 360 nm using a UV/visible spectrophotometer were prepared via a one-step hydrothermal decomposition method. A detailed analysis reveals that the electronic structures were modulated by Zn doping; thus, the responsive wavelength was extended to 600 nm, which effectively improved the visible light absorption of TiO2. We have optimized the different parameters like concentration, time, and temperature. The peak for TiO2 is located at 600 cm-1 in FTIR. A scanning electron microscope revealed that TiO2 has a definite shape and morphology. The synthesized Zn-doped TiO2NPs were applied against various pathogens to study their anti-bacterial potentials. The anti-bacterial activity of Zn-doped TiO2 has shown robust against two gram-ve bacteria (Salmonella and Escherichia coli) and two gram + ve bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus). Synthesized Zn-doped TiO2 has demonstrated strong antifungal efficacy against a variety of fungi. Moreover, doping TiO2 nanoparticles with metal oxide greatly improves their characteristics; as a result, doped metal oxide nanoparticles perform better than doped and un-doped metal oxide nanoparticles. Compared to pure TiO2, Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit considerable applications including antimicrobial treatment and water purification.

Multi-dimensional carbon modification strategy for lithium-ion battery anodes: Carbon-covered TiP2O7 supported by 3D carbon skeleton

Carbon coating is a beneficial method for improving surface capacitive behavior, electron transfer kinetics and cyclic stability of three-dimensional lattice lithium-embedded anode materials. Herein, we adopt one-step pyrolysis to achieve carbon-covered TiP2O7 supported by a three-dimensional carbon skeleton utilizing phytic acid and glucose as carbon sources. The two-dimensional amorphous carbon layer on TiP2O7 surface improves the initial Coulombic efficiency and rate capacity by inhibiting the irreversible embedding of lithium ions and reducing the interfacial charge transfer impedance. The three-dimensional carbon skeleton not only forms a conductive pathway between the carbon-covered TiP2O7, but also its large specific surface area, randomly oriented and defective carbon layer provide extra lithium storage sites and capacitive contribution. In addition, the specific capacity of the TiP2O7/C composite is still as high as 314.5 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. A TiP2O7/C//LiFePO4 full cell delivers a high energy density of 273.96 Wh kg−1 at 0.153 kW kg−1, and retains 114.43 Wh kg−1 even at the power density of 4.086 kW kg−1. The multi-dimensional carbon modification strategy has improved the electrochemical performance of TiP2O7-based anode materials, providing a model for synthesizing other high-performance anode materials.

Investigation of removal of ash and sulfur from Kangal (Sivas/Turkey) lignite with the application of combined methods

ABSTRACT Boric acid is a dilute or mild acid derived from boron, and it is available in a water-soluble form as a white powder. Strong acids are generally preferred to remove ash and sulfur from coal. However, consumption of these strong acids harms the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the leaching possibilities of weak acids. Also, a combination of beneficiation methods may need to be used to achieve the desired quality and environmental compatibility of coal. In this study, a combination of bioleaching and chemical experiments was employed to eliminate ash and sulfur from Sivas Kangal lignite coal. Initially, bioleaching experiments were conducted on lignites with high ash and sulfur contents by bioreactor with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Following this, in the second phase of experiments, boric acid leaching was employed to beneficiate Sivas/Turkey lignites through chemical methods. Additionally, the effect of glycerol on the leaching efficiency of boric acid, which is a weak acid, was investigated. Experimental findings have shown that combination methods provide better results in ash and sulfur removal from lignite coal. Finally, a clean coal product with 19.80% ash and 2.89% S content was obtained by combination methods to the lignite coal (46.60% ash and 4.99% S).

Complementary, supportive and traditional practice experiences of infertile women in Türkiye: a qualitative study

BackgroundIn many societies, infertile couples use traditional practices.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the complementary, supportive and traditional (CST) practices used by infertile women and their attitudes toward these practices.MethodsIn this qualitative study, data were collected through individual interviews using a semi-structured form in December 2021. A total of 25 infertile women who applied to the in-vitro fertilization center of a hospital in Türkiye participated in the study. The findings were evaluated by thematic analysis.ResultsThe ages of the participants ranged from 25 to 49 years. Three main themes were obtained by the data analysis; “Reasons for using CST practices,” “Complementary, supportive and traditional practices used” and “Opinions on the effect of CST practices.”ConclusionWomen resorted to complementary and supportive practices for economic reasons, seeking hope, and environmental pressure. Various herbal cures, dietary practices, and religious methods such as praying and prayer amulets, hacamat (cupping), leeches, and various bodily applications were identified as methods commonly used by women. Women were using these methods with the recommendations of people who are not health professionals. It is important to determine the beneficial methods and increase women’s awareness of harmful practices. Additionally, although women use many methods for infertility treatment, it should also be noted that infertility is not a female-only problem. Consequently, childless women should be empowered with healthy coping skills.

Tectonic Geomorphology of Ultramafic Complex in Asera, North Konawe Regency

Ultramafic complex in Sulawesi have many potential from mining to environmental aspects. The process of weathering and tectonic is a key factor in understanding how to utilize these potential. Tectonic geomorphology by using morphometric indices and field observation has proven to be a beneficial method in distinguishing the topography and morphogenetic development of a region due to the complex interaction between erosional processes and tectonic movements. IAT measurement of 71 sub-basins shows that tectonic activity in the research area are divided into 4 classes with values ranging from 1,5 – 2,6. Field observation shows that morphologically the research area are faulted hills consist of peridotite, dunite and pyroxenite with various degree of weathering. The effect of weathering also reveal on the shape of sub-basins and drainage density in the research area. Tectonic activity present in the form of intensive joint on some parts, with no clear correlation with IAT Class. keyword: tectonic geomorphology, carbon capture storage, ultramafic, east Sulawesi ophiolite, morphometric indices

Using Simulation Models to Train Clinicians in the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

The use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has shown to be a beneficial non-invasive vascular access assessment method by clinicians, which can provide critical elements of visual and measurable information that proves to be useful in the context of vascular access cannulation, in combination with the practical skill of the clinician performing the cannulation. However, the use of POCUS in this context is to practically train and enable individuals who are novices in using this technique to become proficient in performing this task subsequently on patients in a careful and successful way. The simulation of these vascular conditions may be useful to help healthcare professionals learn, understand, apply, and establish such practical skills for vascular cannulation safely to achieve the desired outcomes. This project intended, through the attendance of a half-day workshop, to establish skills to use POCUS in connection with simulation models and perform specific tasks to enable clinicians to use this method in their clinical practice for vascular access cannulation in patients. A mixed-methods longitudinal study design was used to evaluate the effect of a point-of-care ultrasound workshop for peripheral intravenous cannula insertion, including specific tasks for the participants to be performed on simulation models. A total of 81 individuals participated in 11 half-day workshops through 2021 and 2022. Offering a workshop that uses simulation models in combination with various POCUS devices is useful in establishing this newly learned skill in clinicians, such as measurements of depth, caliper, and direction of a vein with POCUS prior to cannulation providing essential anatomical facts to the operator, which increases the likelihood of first-time success in cannulation.

Substitution of an isovalent Te-ion in SnSe thin films for tuning optoelectrical properties

In present work, SnSe1-xTex thin films with varying Te concentrations were deposited on glass substrate through thermal evaporation technique. SnSe1-xTex thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microcopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis NIR spectroscopy and room-temperature hall measurements technique. XRD patterns revealed that all the samples had a polycrystalline orthorhombic structure. Additionally, a low level of Te impurity improved the crystalline quality of the SnSe thin films. AFM images showed a noticeable alteration in the surface structure of the SnSe thin films caused by Te doping. UV–Vis NIR spectroscopy was employed to assess the optical characteristics of SnSe1-xTex thin films, revealing a variation in the optical band gap energy (Eg) between 1.75 and 1.89 eV, attributed to Te doping. The Hall effect measurement revealed n-type conductivity, and the carrier concentration decreased as the Te dopant concentration increased, corresponding to a decrease in antisite SnSe defects. The experimental findings suggest that adding a moderate amount of Te is a beneficial method for enhancing the optical and electrical properties of SnSe films. Furthermore, the Schottky device parameters of the Ag/SnSe1-xTex/Al:ZnO structure were established by analyzing the temperature-dependent Current-Voltage (I–V-T) characteristics through the thermionic emission current transport mechanism.

Updated criteria for the approval of subsequent pregnancy after cesarean section with a transverse uterine fundal incision based on 17 years of experience.

In the case of placenta previa-accreta when the placenta covers the entire anterior uterine wall, it is difficult to avoid transecting the placenta by traditional low-transverse cesarean section (CS), resulting in catastrophic hemorrhage and fetal anemia. To prevent this critical risk, we developed the CS with transverse uterine fundal incision (TUFI) and this technique has been widely used as a beneficial surgical method in clinical practice owing to its safety advantages for the mother and neonate since our first report. However, the risk of uterine rupture during a subsequent pregnancy remains unclear. Based on our 17 years of experience, patients who require TUFI do not need to avoid this beneficial operative method simply because of their desire to conceive again, as long as certain conditions can be met. To approve a post-TUFI pregnancy, an appropriate suture method, delay in conception for at least 12 months with evaluation of the TUFI scar, and cautious postoperative management are at a minimum essential. In this article, we showed our recommendation for operative procedure and discuss the current status of the management of post-TUFI pregnancies based on the evaluation of the TUFI wound scar and experience with postoperative pregnancies.

Reflections of Social Work Academics on Moving from Social Work Practice to the Academic Environment

The social work academic field, in common with other professional qualification degrees requires academics to have substantial social work practice experience. This reflective paper explores the journey of two social work academics who have made the transition from practice to the academic environment within the last ten years. Having applied a duoethnographical approach, the authors discuss the potential challenges of making this transition but is more focused on the benefits that former social work practitioners bring to the academic and research environment. It discusses practice-based research and appreciative inquiry as beneficial research methods for social work research and the importance of engaging with people with lived experience in a collaborative approach to research. It emphasises that social workers with skills of engagement, critical analysis and managing challenging situations are well placed to undertake research and make recommendations for social work practice from an informed an ‘expert’ position.

Random Forests Regression and Rescoring Strategy for Identifying Inhibitors of Ubiquitin Specific Protease-7

Ubiquitin-specific protease-7 (USP7) is a potential target for cancer therapy. In this work, the evaluation and design of USP7 inhibitors are conducted employing a comprehensive computational approach. Initially, a large database of compounds undergoes preliminary screening via similarity and pharmacophore analyses. Subsequently, a secondary selection process is executed based on both quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling and molecular docking. The final selection is refined through rescoring treatments via consensus scores and MM/GBSA binding free energy. A total of 138 experimental USP7 inhibitors were collected for the construction of random forest regression models using four different feature selection methods. 17 top experimentally active inhibitors were used as models in similarity searching, and eight representative USP7-ligand binding models were used in pharmacophore screening, performed over a database of 14 million compounds. The rescoring approach applied in this study offers an alternative and beneficial method for the ranking and selection of desired molecules. Based on the molecular scaffolds of the highly active inhibitors, some new derivatives have been designed and received high predicted scores for inhibition.

Novel Approach for Investigating the Effect of Music Therapy on Perioperative Anxiety and Postoperative Satisfaction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lower-Limb Fracture Surgery Under Intravertebral Anesthesia: A Prospective Clinical Study.

This study examines the effect of music therapy on perioperative anxiety and postoperative satisfaction in elderly patients undergoing lower-limb fracture surgery with intravertebral anesthesia to address the increasing incidence of such fractures and related surgical stress. Conducted from February 2022 to June 2023, this prospective study involved 120 elderly patients at the People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command. They were divided into the Music group (n = 60, receiving relaxing music during surgery) and the Control group (n = 60, no music). We measured preoperative and postoperative anxiety by using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) along with intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and patient satisfaction postsurgery. Both groups maintained stable heart rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and mean arterial pressure. However, the Music group displayed significantly lower systolic blood pressure at the beginning of the operation (T5), 5 minutes after the operation (T6) and at the end of the operation (T9) than the Control group. After the surgery, the Music group had notably lower VAS-A scores and saliva cortisol levels, indicating reduced anxiety. Additionally, this group reported higher satisfaction levels. Music therapy notably reduced postoperative anxiety and improves patient satisfaction in elderly patients undergoing lower-limb fracture surgery with intravertebral anesthesia. These findings endorse music therapy as a beneficial, non-invasive, and cost-effective method to ameliorate perioperative stress and a complementary approach to traditional medical care in surgical settings.

Effects of action observation therapy with Otago exercises on balance and quality of life in older adults

Background: Balance problems and falls are prevalent issues, especially among older adults. Otago exercise is one of the interventions applied to the geriatric population to prevent falls and balance problems, The Action observation therapy with the Otago exercise program can be a more beneficial intervention method to decrease the prevalence of falls and balance issues among older people. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of Otago exercise in combination with action observation training (AOT) on balance and quality of life among the elderly. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on n=54 elderly between 60-80 years and moderate risk of fall Berge balance scale from May 2022 to July 2023. The participants were included in the study after fulfilling the selection criteria. Then the participants were randomly assigned into two AOT plus Otago (n= 27) groups and Otago exercise alone group (n= 27). The static and dynamic balance were assessed with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Functional Reach Test (FRT) respectively. Additionally, quality of life was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire among older adults. The data was collected at baseline, 6th week, and 12th week. Results: Significant improvements (p<0.05) were observed in balance and quality of life as measured by the Berg Balance Scale and SF-36 respectively in both intervention groups but did not reveal any significant difference (p≥0.05) between the groups. Conclusion: the current study showed no additional effects of action Observation training (AOT) with Otago exercises among the elderly. However, the addition of AOT may improve the balance, physical functioning, and ultimately quality of life among the elderly, if incorporated into routine rehabilitation of this population. Clinical trial #: NCT06008665

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of daily meditation and its impact on one’s sense of self

The present study investigated the impact of daily meditation on sense of self. There is extensive research regarding the physical and mental health benefits that meditation can bring about, yet literature is still limited on the influence this has on an individual’s sense of self. The aims of the current study were to contribute to the existing body of research on meditation and the self and to gain a better understanding of the link between meditation and the self. Furthermore, to look at the potential social health benefits that meditation induces. This was achieved using a qualitative methodological approach applying Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), with an epistemological stance of interpretivism and an ontological position of social constructionism. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted in collecting qualitative data. Three super-ordinate themes emerged which were: 1. Inside Out Positivity, 2. “Quieting the Mind to Hear the Heart”, 3. The Holistic Experience, with eight corresponding sub-ordinate themes. The key findings were that meditation increased feelings of kindness and compassion and improved the quality of relationships for the participants. Participants felt more positive and calmer in their daily living and reported higher levels of awareness. Another key finding was that participants had a better perception of themselves and felt like meditation gave them more perspective of mind. Additionally, participants noted physical changes with greater bodily connection to breathing and had more mental clarity. Finally, participants reported enhanced feelings of spirituality and spoke of power and consciousness beyond themselves. The implications of these findings are that meditation can be a useful intervention for social health issues such as poor relationship quality or feelings of social exclusion by increasing compassion and awareness. Meditation is a useful tool for reducing stress and feeling present. Meditation would also be a beneficial method for positive self-perception and identity.