Bemisia Research Articles

Are bioinsecticides able to effectively substitute chemicals in the control of insect pests of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Cote d'Ivoire?

Objective: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, Malavaceae) production faces pest and disease attacks that leads to use of chemical pesticides. This study was performed to compare effectiveness of the bioinsecticide Levo 2.4 SL (Oxymatrin 2% and Prosular 0.4%) to the chemical pesticides Abalone 18 EC (Abamectin 18g/l) and Viper 46 EC (Acetamiprid 16g/l and Indoxacarb 30g/l) against okra insect pests in Cote d'Ivoire. Methodology and Results: So a field experiment was carried out at Bonoua (05°16'17N; 03°35'40 W) in the South East of Cote d’Ivoire, in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and four treatments; Levo 2.4 SL, Abalone 18 EC, Viper 46 EC and the Control. Insect communities, damages and yield profit rate were assessed and analyzed with Statistica 7.1 at 5%. The inventory of insect allowed the identification of 28 species distributed into 19 families and 10 orders. The main pest insects observed were Hemiptera; Aphis gossypii (41.59%), Bemisia tabaci (39.11%), Jacobiasca sp (1.26%) and Dysdercus wolkerii (1.44%), Coleoptera; Podagrica decolorata (9.03%) and caterpillars of Lepidoptera; Syllepte derogate (1.36%). Then control plots presented no healthy plants (0%), while the bioinsecticide (Levo 2.4 SL), and the chemical insecticides; Abalone 18 EC and Viper 46 EC presented respectively 60%, 77.5% and 90% of healthy plants (index 0). Overall, the effectiveness of the bioinsecticide to control insect pests appeared similar to those of the chemical pesticides. However, Levo 2.4 SL seems to be less effective against Aphis gossypii and Dysdercus wolkerii populations. Highest fruit yield of okra was recorded in treated plot with Viper 46 EC (12.55±0.98 t/ha), followed by Abalone 18 EC (12.2±0.8 t/ha) and Levo 2.4 SL (11.15±1.09 t/ha). Whereas, the lowest yield obtained from control plots was 6.84±0.15 t/ha. The yield profit rates were 62.82; 78.18 and 83.28% respectively for Levo 2.4 SL, Abalone 18 EC and Viper 46 EC when compared to the control. The control of insect pests by the bioinsecticide and the chemical insecticides increased significantly the okra yield. Conclusion and application of Results: Therefore, the bioinsecticide can be eco-friendly alternative to control insect pest of okra in Cote d’Ivoire. Then, the bioinsecticide Levo 2.4 SL can be proposed to limit damages caused by chemicals on the environment and human health.Keywords: Bioinsecticide, Levo 2.4 SL, Abelmoschus esculentus, insect pests, Cote d’Ivoire.

Selection of tomato genotypes for processing resistant to spider mite and whitefly

The objective of the research was to select genotypes from the second generation of the first backcross (F 2 BC 1 ) between the tomato cultivar for processing S. lycopersicum cultivar Redencao and the wild access S. habrochaites var. hirsutum PI-127826, with high levels of zingiberene (ZGB), resistant to the mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci biotype B). From the F 2 BC 1 population the ZGB content was quantified and then five plants with high zingiberene was selected (RVTZ 2011-079-117, RVTZ 2011-079-185, RVTZ 2011-079-335, RVTZ 2011-079-345 and RVTZ 2011-079-503) and four with low zingiberene content (RVTZ 2011-079-417, RVTZ 2011-331-460, RVTZ 2011-079-538 and RVTZ 2011-079-548). Genotypes selected for high and low ZGB content and the parentals S. habrochaites var. hirsutum access PI-127826 and ‘Redencao’ were evaluated for repellency to the mite T. urticae and the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B. There was a significant and inverse correlation between ZGB content and average distances traveled by mites on tomato leaflets. Plants of PI-127826, wild parental with high ZGB content, showed averages for number of whitefly eggs significantly lower in relation to the group of F 2 BC 1 , genotypes with low-ZGB. Genotypes of the F 2 BC 1 generation with high zingiberene levels RVTZ 2011-079-117, RVTZ 2011-079-185, RVTZ 2011-079-335, RVTZ 2011-079-345 and RVTZ 2011-079-503 are promising for progress in achieving lines with background for processing, resistant to arthropod pests. Among them RVTZ 2011-079-117 stands out for both pests evaluated.

Evaluación de productos botánicos para manejo de mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) y pulga del tomate (Halticu ssp) en el cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.), en Nicaragua

El complejo mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci)-Geminivirus y Halticus sp son las principales plagas causantes de pérdidas económicas en el cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) en el municipio de Tisma-Masaya. En base a esta situación se realizó un estudio para evaluar la efectividad que tiene para controlar estas y otras plagas secundarias los tratamientos botánicos: chile + ajo + jabón, madero negro, crisantemo, extracto alcohólico + chile, extracto alcohólico + chile + ajo y testigo en el período comprendido entre diciembre 2013 a febrero 2014. De los tratamientos evaluados, el menor número de moscas blancas por planta y el menor porcentaje de severidad a los cien después de trasplante lo obtuvo el tratamiento extracto alcohólico + chile + ajo. El tratamiento madero negro presentó la mayor efectividad en el manejo de poblaciones de Halticus sp. El mayor rendimiento se obtuvo con extracto alcohólico + chile + ajo con 34 685.18 kg ha-1 seguido del tratamiento chile + ajo + jabón con 30 614.28 kg ha-1. De acuerdo al análisis de tasa de retorno marginal, el tratamiento chile+ajo+jabón es el que obtuvo la mejor tasa de retorno marginal con 1 476%, es decir, USD 14.76 por cada dólar invertido. Además el análisis de biotipo de mosca blanca realizado en la Universidad de Tucson, Arizona muestra que un 66.66% corresponde a la mosca blanca autóctona (biotipo A), y el 33.33% corresponde al biotipo B, el cual es más agresivo que el A. Según el análisis de los begomovirus se determinó: enrollamiento severo de la hoja de tomate (ToSLCV) con al menos 96% de identidad en las muestras y el virus del mosaico dorado de la chiltoma (PepGMV) con un 98% de identidad.

FIRST REPORT OF CUCURBIT CHLOROTIC YELLOWS VIRUS IN CUCUMBER IN TURKEY

In November 2015 and February 2016, yellowing symptoms were observed in three greenhouse-grown cucumber crops in Antalya recalling those induced by Beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV). To investigate the etiology of the yellowing disease observed, leaves from 30 symptomatic plants were subjected to total RNA extraction and tested by RT-PCR for the presence of BPYV, CYSDV (Boubourakas et al., 2006), and CCYV (Orfanidou et al., 2014). Fifteen samples were found infected by CYSDV and 21 by CCYV, of which 6 plants were dually infected by CYSDV and CCYV. Since CYSDV was already known in Turkey, the partial RdRp region of 2 isolates of CCYV was sequenced (Orfanidou et al., 2014) and BLASTn analysis of the obtained sequences (accession Nos. LT577941, LT577942) showed 99% identity with a CCYV isolate from Japan (AB523788). Moreover, transmission experiments by Bemisia tabaci biotype Q (MED) were carried out. Five groups of 30 adult whiteflies were given an acquisition access time of 24 h on cucumber leaves naturally infected only with CCYV. Thereafter, each whitefly group was transferred onto a healthy cucumber plant (hybrid Galeon) for an inoculation access time of 72 h, and 3 weeks post inoculation CCYV was detected in 4 out of 5 inoculated plants by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CCYV infecting cucumber in Turkey. CCYV has also been reported in Lebanon, Egypt and Greece thus indicating that it is an emerging pathogen of cucurbit crops in the Mediterranean region.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND NATURAL HOST RANGE OF TOMATO CHLOROSIS VIRUS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Tomato yellows disease (TYD) is a serious problem in tomato crops worldwide, in which two criniviruses are implicated: Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). During the growing season 2014-2015, survey of tomato-growing greenhouses conducted in different geographical locations of Riyadh region in Saudi Arabia in order to identify the criniviruses implicated in TYD. In total, 228 leaf samples were collected from tomato plants showing typical TYD symptoms, as well as 98 from other symptomatic crops and 283 arable weeds belonging to 38 species in 22 different families. Nucleic acids extracts prepared from the samples were tested by nested RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection of TICV and ToCV. In addition, 34 adult whiteflies were collected from the surveyed tomato greenhouses and analyzed using real time PCR. Results revealed that ToCV was the only virus associated with TYD as detected in 328 (53%) of a total of 609 tested samples (including all hosts tested), while it showed an expanded host range, as it was reported for the first time in bean, bitter gourd, eggplant and pepper in Saudi Arabia. In addition, ToCV was detected in 14 weed species belonging to 8 families. TICV was not detected in any of the tested samples. All collected whiteflies were identified as Bemisia tabaci biotype B (MEAM1), an efficient vector of ToCV. Sequencing analysis of 40 selected sequences of ToCV from different hosts clustered Saudi Arabian isolates into two subgroups. Almost all Saudi Arabian isolates shared high nucleotide identity among themselves (98.0-100%) while 97.1-100% with those published in NCBI.

Identificación de virus en el tomate (Lycopersicum sculentum L.) en cinco departamento de Guatemala.

A sampling was eonducted at the Departments of Zacapa, Jutiapa, Jalapa, Chimaltenango and Guatemala, to determine the presence of the tomato viruses causing the disease known as "Curly Top" and if they are transmitted by the "white fly" (Bemisia tahaci Gennadius), the presence of six virus: TMV, CMV, TEV, PVY, PVX and TSWV, and two geminivirus CdTV and SCLV was detected, The finding of a single TSWV positive sample makes it necessary to reconfirm its presence in Guatemala because it had not been reported before, Likewise, the geminivirus in tomato had not been reported in Guatemala, as well as the Chinesse Virus of Tomato (VCdT) and the Squash Curly Leaf Virus (SCL V), It was concluded that different viruses are associated to the "Curly Top" disease in tomato and that they cause a diversity of symptoms.

Food preference of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on different stages of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

The prey preference of polyphagous predators plays an important role in suppressing different species of herbivorous mites and insects. Prey stages preference of the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot was investigated among egg, protonymph and deutonymph of Tetranychus urticae Koch and egg, first and second instar nymphs of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. All experiments were conducted using bean (cultivar: Almoti) leaf discs in Petri dishes (8 cm in diameter) under laboratory condition with 25±2 C, 70±5% RH and 16 L: 8 D photoperiod. The preference for female predator was calculated with Manly’s preference index ( β ). Comparison of the preference indices using a t-test showed that A. swirskii consumed significantly more eggs than protonymphs and deutonymphs of T. urticae . There was also a significant difference between consumed protonymphs and deutonymphs of T. urticae . A. swirskii consumed significantly more eggs than second instar nymphs of B. tabaci . There was a significant difference between first instar nymphs and second instar nymphs of B. tabaci and between eggs and first instar nymphs of B. tabaci . Our findings suggest that prey stages had effect on the prey selection of A. swirskii .

Geminivirus diseases in vegetables and other crops in Brazil: Current status and approaches for management

ABSTRACT Insect-transmitted viruses cause some of the most damaging and economically important diseases of crop plants, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The geminiviruses, a group of single-stranded DNA viruses with a unique twined virus particles, are responsible for many of these diseases. Of particular importance are the geminiviruses transmitted by whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci ), which are in the genus Begomovirus . This is the largest genus of plant viruses (in terms of number of species), and begomoviruses cause many devastating diseases of vegetable and fiber crops throughout the world. This review presents the current understanding of begomoviruses, the diseases they cause, and approaches for disease management. An emphasis is placed on the most important begomovirus disease in Brazil, which are those that affect common bean and tomato. However, because of the wide host range of the vector and the genetic flexibility of begomoviruses, these diseases pose a threat to many crops. Keywords: begomovirus, golden mosaic, integrated pest management, whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

New Record of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) Associated with Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Tomato from Maharashtra, India

Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) associated with Bemisia tabaci Gennadius on tomato is recorded for the first time from Maharashtra, India. A minor to moderate level of the predator population was observed during the survey.

Variación espacio-temporal de los diferentes estados de desarrollo de mosquitas blancas Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) en cultivos de soja

La soja es actualmente el cultivo más importante en la Argentina; a sus plagas tradicionales se ha sumado la mosca blanca, Bernisia tabaci. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron establecer la distribución espacial de los diferentes estados de desarrollo (huevos, ninfas, pupas y adultos) de B. tabaci en lotes de soja del área central de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) y determinar la variación temporal de la abundancia de esos estados en dicha área. Se trabajó con muestras de lotes de dos localidades, Colonia Tirolesa y Colonia Caroya (Dpto. Colón). La comparación de abundancia entre localidades mostró variaciones entre ellas pero sólo se detectaron diferencias significativas entre adultos. Al comparar la variación de las abundancias entre fechas, sólo fue significativamente superior el aumento de ninfas y pupas durante la segunda fecha; en cuanto a los adultos se obtuvo mayor número durante la segunda fecha en Colonia Tirolesa. Cuando se analizó la variación de la abundancia tanto de inmaduros como de adultos se observaron diferencias significativas entre lotes para ambas localidades y para ambas fechas. Los resultados aquí presentados resultan de interés para ser utilizados en la toma de decisiones para el manejo de esta plaga.

Progress and challenges in managing watermelon vine decline caused by whitefly-transmitted Squash Vein Yellowing Virus (SqVYV)

Watermelon vine decline (WVD) is an emerging threat to watermelon production in southwest and west-central Florida. Losses in 2004-2005 due to WVD were estimated to be more than 60 million US dollars. The disease is caused by Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV, family: Potyviridae, genus: Ipomovirus) and is transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). SqVYV is a close relative of, but distinct from, another cucurbit-infecting ipomovirus, Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), that has been reported from most countries in the Mediterranean Basin since it was first described in Israel in the 1960s. Symptoms of WVD typically include a sudden decline and death of vines at or just prior to harvest. Fruit symptoms include internal flesh degradation and necrosis of the fruit rind. So far, only cucurbits have been confirmed as hosts for SqVYV, and striking symptoms of vine decline in agricultural production have been observed only on watermelon. Balsam-apple (Momordica charantia), a cucurbit weed that is widely dis...

Incidence of begomoviruses and climatic characterisation of Bemisia tabaci-geminivirus complex in soybean and bean in Argentina

Desde la decada de 1990, los geminivirus han emergido como patogenos devastadores en regiones tropicales, subtropicales y templadas. En estudios recientes, se ha desarrollado un metodo de deteccion de tres begomo virus infectando cultivos de soja y poroto en la Argentina, Bean golden mosaicvirus (BGMV), Soybean blistering mosaic virus (SbBMV) y Tomato yellow spotvirus (ToYSV). El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la incidencia y prevalencia de estos tres geminivirus y caracterizar los sitios donde se encontroel complejo Bemisia tabaci-geminivirus basandose en datos climaticos. El valor de incidencia mas alto se observo en la provincia de Salta. BGMV presento los mayores valores de prevalencia e incidencia en poroto, seguido por SbBMV.En el cultivo de soja, SbBMV presento los mayores valores de prevalencia e incidencia, seguido por ToYSV. Un total de 103 sitios distribuidos en la Argentina,donde se detecto la presencia del complejo Bemisia tabaci-geminivirus, fueron caracterizados con un sistema de informacion geografica (SIG). El complejo se encontro en zonas calidas y de pocas lluvias; estas caracteristicas climaticas son consistentes con las identificadas en un modelo descrito anteriormente.Se ha obtenido un mapa con la probabilidad de ocurrencia de B. tabacigeminivirus,sobre la base de caracteristicas climaticas.

FIRST REPORT OF A BEGOMOVIRUS INFECTING MIMOSA PUDICA IN INDIA

Mimosa pudica L. (family Fabaceae) is an invasive species with ornamental and medicinal uses (Nayagam et al., 1999), native to Brazil and widespread in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the Americas, Africa and Asia, including India. The vernacular English name (touch-me-not) originates from the fact that the leaves fold inward when touched or shaken and reopen after a few minutes (seismonastic movement). During an extensive survey for whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses, samples were collected in Rajasthan (India) from stunted M. pudica plants with small and yellow leaves. The association of a geminivirus with the disease was suspected due to the presence of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on the plants. PCR assays using begomovirus coat protein gene-specific primers (forward 5’-ATGGCGAAGCGACCAG-3’ and reverse 5’TTAATTTGTGACCGAATCAT-3’) (Hallan, 1998), amplified a fragment 771 bp in length from symptomatic, but not from symptomless samples. The amplicons were cloned in pGEMT vector (Promega, USA), selected clones were sequenced in both orientations, and a sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession No. HQ876467). The highest nucleotide sequence identity (97%) was found with both Ageratum yellow vein virus-Guangxi (AYVV-Gx[CN:Gx13:Tom: 02], AJ558120) and [CN:Gx68:03], AJ849916) and Ageratum yellow vein virus-[G129] (AM940137). A nucleotide identity of 92% was found with both Tomato yellow leaf curl Mindanao virus and (EU487046) and Stachytarpheta leaf curl virus (StaLCuv [CN:Hn5.4:01] AJ564743). The sequences showed lower sequence identity (80%) with both Sida yellow vein Vietnam virus (SiYVVNV [VN:Han:05], DQ641696) and Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNVPap [CN:Gx22:Tom:02], AJ704604). To the best of our knowledge this is the first published report of a begomovirus associated with Mimosa pudica in India.

The Christmas dispersal of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in New Zealand

In 2006 Bemisia tabaci biotype Q was identified in New Zealand The Christmas trade in poinsettias is implicated in the recent rapid dispersal of B tabaci biotype Q through North America Retail outlets were surveyed during December 2006 and 2007 to investigate whether this may be a pathway for dispersal in New Zealand A PCRbased diagnostic tool confirmed the presence of B tabaci biotype Q on poinsettias purchased in both Christchurch and Auckland However results indicated that abundance varied between the regions years and propagation nurseries In 2006 169 and three adult whitefly were collected from a selection of retail outlets in Christchurch and Auckland respectively compared with 256 and 56 in 2007 Only B tabaci biotype Q was identified from the samples collected from Christchurch with B tabaci biotype Q and relatively few Trialeurodes vaporariorum identified from the Auckland samples

Assessing the sweetpotato virus disease and its associated vectors in northwestern Tanzania and central Uganda.

A study was conducted in sweet potato farmers’ fields in Tanzania and Uganda to determine the status of sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) incidence and its vectors. SPVD incidence was high (66 to 100%) in Tanzania but low (10 - 40%) in Uganda. SPVD symptom expression and severity were highly variable both within and between countries. Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) but not aphids were observed in all the fields and their abundance varied remarkably between locations. In Tanzania, sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) was serologically detected in 50% of the samples and sweetpotato feathery mottle (SPFMV) in 45% often in dual infection. Sweetpotato mild mottle virus (SPMMV), sweetpotato mild speckling virus (SPMSV), sweetpotato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV) and sweetpotato virus G (SPVG) occurred in low frequency. However, SPCSV was detected in (100%) of the samples collected from Uganda followed by SPFMV (67%). The nature of SPVD incidence, symptom severity, whitefly, and aphid abundance observed in this study suggest the complex nature of SPVD in East Africa. Immediate prospects for controlling SPVD will depend on an enhanced understanding of disease variables and their ecological relationships. Key words: Sweetpotato, incidence, severity, whitefly, aphids.

New synonymies and combinations in Bemisia (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera)

The genus Asterobemisia Trehan (1940) and Bemisiella Danzig (1966) are synonymised with Bemisia Quaintance & Baker. Fifteen new combinations have been proposed in the genus Bemisia.

First record of <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> biotype Q in New Zealand

In January 2006 a grower reported failure to control whitefly on greenhouse capsicums in Karaka South Auckland despite high release rates of the biological control agent Encarsia formosa The whitefly was identified morphologically as Bemisia tabaci and capsicum represents a new host record for this species in New Zealand Bemisia tabaci is polyphagous and 24 biotypes are currently recognised worldwide Biotypes B and Q have attracted international attention in the past two decades because of their rapid global spread They are morphologically indistinguishable DNA sequence analyses of samples collected in a survey in 2006 from capsicums and poinsettias revealed the presence of B tabaci biotype Q in New Zealand In a subsequent survey commissioned by Biosecurity New Zealand 12 sites were visited between 27 June and 30 August 2006 Bemisia tabaci was only detected at one site but on multiple hosts Sequences were identical to biotype Q sequences detected during the preliminary survey and to B tabaci biotype Q samples from overseas

Mating interactions between okra and cassava biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on eggplant

Genetic and biological implications from interbreeding the Ghanaian okra and cassava biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), reared on eggplant, were studied in reciprocal crossing plans and crosses compared with parental generations using RAPD-PCR. Interbreeding did not affect fecundity of mated females and survival of F1 progeny. However, the sex ratio of the hybrid progeny was significantly male dominated (by 70% males) compared to purebred progeny of each biotype (>60% females) (P < 0.01). Each biotype was characterized by its own RAPD profiles. Hybrid females had one locus identical to that of both parents, while the males resembled the mother biotype at two loci. The F1 females were oviposited normally and there was a possible restricted gene flow between insects from the two biotypes, sharing the same host plant. However, the biological isolation seems to buttress ecological isolation in nature, hence maintaining the genetic and biological identity of sympatric populations in both biotypes. Les consequences des croisements entre deux biotypes de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), l’un du gombo et l’autre du manioc, sur le statut genetique et biologique de cet insecte ont ete evaluees sur l’aubergine. Les croisements sont compares aux generations parentales en utilisant la methode RAPD-PCR. Le croisement n’a pas affecte la fecondite des femelles et la survie de la descendance. Par contre, le sex-ratio des lignees hybrides comprend 70% de mâles contre plus de 60% de femelles chez la lignee pur-sang de chaque biotype (P < 0.01). Chaque biotype presente des profils RAPD-PCR specifiques. Les descendants femelles presentent un seul locus identique a celui de deux parents, alors que les hybrides mâles ressemblent au biotype maternel pour les deux locus. Les femelles hybrides pondent normalement mais il semble y avoir une possibilite limitee de flux de genes entre les deux biotypes se developpant sur une meme plante hote. Cependant, l’isolement biologique semble conforter l’existence de deux niches ecologiques dans la nature, favorisant ainsi le maintient de l’identite genetique et biologique des populations sympatriques des deux biotypes.

Preliminary Study on Molecular Evolution of Tobacco Leaf Curl Geminivirus

Leaf curl is a serious disease of tobacco in tropical and subropical regions. Itscausative agent is tobacco leaf curl geminivirus (TLCV)which can be transmitted bywhitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and infect many other plant species of Solanaceae andCaricaceae.The occurrence, host range and insect vector of TbLCV as well as itsserological reaction with monoclonal antibody of African cassava mosaic virus havebeen reported in China, and more recently, tobacco leaf curl disease has becomeendemic in southern areas. Here we first present the nucleotide sequence ofTbLCV coat protein (CP) gene and molecular evolutionary relationship with other

岐阜県におけるタバココナジラミの発生と被覆資材による防除効果

岐阜県におけるタバココナジラミの発生と被覆資材による防除効果