Belief Factors Research Articles

Development and validation of VTE prevention beliefs questionnaire for neurosurgical hospitalized patients based on HBM: a cross-sectional study

Patients hospitalized for neurosurgical procedures are highly susceptible to venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is crucial to evaluate the prevention beliefs of VTE among neurosurgical inpatients and analyse the influencing factors. This research sought to create an instrument grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM) to evaluate the beliefs about VTE prevention and the factors influencing these beliefs among neurosurgical inpatients. A questionnaire comprising 28 questions was designed, validated, and distributed offline to 386 neurosurgical inpatients through random sampling. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 27.0. The measurement model was assessed through reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor analyses. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to identify the factors influencing VTE prevention beliefs. Statistical significance was determined by P values less than 0.05. The questionnaire encompassed six constructs, all of which exhibited strong internal consistency along with solid convergent and discriminant validity. VTE prevention beliefs score among neurosurgical inpatients was 99.56 (SD = 10.11). Among the belief dimensions, the scoring rate of perceived benefits and cues to action ranked highest, while perceived barriers were the lowest. The influencing factors of VTE prevention beliefs were educational attainment (β = 0.343, P < 0.001), receipt of VTE knowledge education from healthcare providers (β = 0.214, P < 0.001), Personal history of VTE (β = 0.175, P < 0.001), surgical history (β = 0.116, P < 0.01), sources of VTE-related information (β = 0.113, P < 0.01) and method of paying medical expenses (β = 0.112, P < 0.05). The questionnaire showed strong reliability and validity, and the results indicating that neurosurgical inpatients hold moderate beliefs about VTE prevention. While they recognize its benefits, barriers to preventive behaviors persist. Addressing these barriers and enhancing self-efficacy through targeted education and interventions is key to improving VTE prevention awareness and actions.

Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intentions and mediating effects among older adults in Southwest China

This study examines the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intentions among Chinese residents over the age of 60, with a focus on the mediating roles of Health Beliefs and Cues to Vaccination Action in the relationship between vaccine knowledge and vaccination intentions. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey involving 1,305 participants from Southwest China. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified potential determinants of vaccination intention, including socioeconomic characteristics, knowledge, health beliefs, and cues to vaccination action. Furthermore, mediation analysis using the causal mediation analysis method explored the mediating effects within the knowledge-to-intention pathway. Vaccination intention and its related factors: among the 1212 elderly people included in the study, 92.9% expressed willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Main factors influencing their vaccination willingness included Residency (urban vs. rural, OR = 0.47, p < 0.01), Age (75 + vs. others, OR = 0.41, p < 0.05), Marital status (OR = 0.36, p < 0.01), Occupation ( business/service vs. others, OR = 0.33, p < 0.05), Awareness of vaccine effectiveness (OR = 1.23, p < 0.01), Cues to vaccination action (OR = 1.31, p < 0.01) and COVID-19 related knowledge (OR = 1.06, p < 0.01). The analysis revealed two significant mediators—Health Beliefs and Cues to Vaccination Action. These mediators (p<0.05 for both natural indirect effect and natural direct effect) acted along two key pathways: (1) From Knowledge of COVID-19 to Health Beliefs to Vaccination Intention: Natural Direct Effects (NDE) ranged from 0.012 to 0.016, with Natural Indirect Effects (NIE) from 0.001 to 0.003, indicating that mediators accounted for 4% to 18% of the total effect. (2) From Knowledge of COVID-19 to Cues of Vaccination Action to Vaccination Intention: NDE ranged from 0.012 to 0.016 and NIE from 0.002 to 0.003, with mediators accounting for 9% to 20% of the effect. The intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 among older adults varies significantly based on socioeconomic and health belief factors. The study identifies health beliefs and cues to action not only as direct contributors but also as crucial mediators in the pathway from knowledge to vaccination intention among older individuals. These findings can extend our understanding of the impact of sociodemographic factors and health beliefs on the COVID-19 vaccination willingness among older adults.

Path analysis of illness perception, medication beliefs, family support on inhaler adherence in elderly COPD patients: Based on triadic reciprocal determinism

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the pathways through which personal factors (demographic characteristics, illness perception, medication beliefs) and environmental factors (family support) influence adherence to inhaler therapy among Chinese elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on the triadic reciprocal determinism. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 2022 to December 2023 using the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI), the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and the Family Support Scale to investigate 305 elderly COPD patients (mean age 70.96 years, 213 males) from the Department of Respiratory Medicine of a comprehensive hospital in Anhui, China mainland. Path analysis was performed using AMOS 22.0. ResultsPath analysis showed that illness perception, necessity beliefs, concerns beliefs and family support all had direct effects on inhaler adherence, while age had an indirect effect on adherence. Additionally, necessity beliefs and concerns beliefs exhibited significant mediating effects between illness perception and inhaler adherence. Family support respectively mediated the relationships between necessity beliefs, concerns beliefs and inhaler adherence. ConclusionA multidimensional approach targeting cognitive, belief and family factors holds promise for substantially improving inhaler adherence among elderly COPD populations. Practice ImplicationsThis study provided new perspectives for improving inhaler adherence in COPD patients. Healthcare providers should emphasize improving patients' illness perception and medication beliefs, considering the important impact of family support on inhaler adherence.

How doctors can lead the way in their communities: Co-creation, the Indian community and organ donation registration.

Transplant success rates can increase when organs and tissues are matched within ethnic communities, but how well are the processes around organ donation understood by discrete ethnic communities in Australia? We investigated this in relation to one ethnic group, the Australian-Indian community in Sydney. A culturally appropriate survey and dissemination strategy was co-created with Indian community members through an Advisory Panel. Items were informed by a thematic analysis of cultural beliefs shared through the advisory panel discussions and measured awareness and practices associated with organ donation and transplantation and beliefs about organ donation and registration. Donation information was provided at the end. Two hundred and thirty-eight participants completed the survey. Hinduism along with Tamil and Gujarati were the most frequently identified religious and cultural backgrounds. The processes around organ donation were not well known, and Australian Organ Donor Register registration rates were below the national average. Principal component analysis revealed positive, social, medical trust, concerns, and cardiac and brain death belief factors. Doctors played a key role in generating trust in the donation system, decisions about organ donation were embedded in family and community, and family discussion was related to increased registration. Registered participants reported higher scores on medical trust beliefs, which also predicted family discussion. The information needed to understand the process of organ donation and registration in Australia is not embedded in this community, highlighting the need forprogrammes to be tailored to each culturally diverse community rather than culturally diverse communites in general. Doctors and the advisory panels are pivotal in this process.

Understanding the Housing Acquisition Behavior of Muslim Generation Y in Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework Based on ABC Theory

House is the most important basic need for the human survival, however many people especially those who are categorised in the category of generation Y do not acquire a house due to various factors (internal salient belief factors, personal factor, and extra factor). In accordance, the volume of residential transaction and homeownership rate among youths in Malaysia has been decreasing for the past few years. It is proven as the number of residential property transaction has dropped from 272,669 transactions in 2012 to 250,586 transactions in 2023. Thus, it is important to examine the behavior of generation Y towards house acquisition in Malaysia. This study focuses on Muslim Generation Y in West Malaysia, specifically on those who have purchased a home and those who have not. The research proposes to examine the internal salient belief factors (attitude and perceived religiosity on property), personal factors (lifestyles) as well as external factors (house features, house location, financing factors, and government support) in influencing house acquisition behavior among Muslim Generation Y in Malaysia. As such, this study proposes to adapt Attitude-Behavior-Context (ABC) theory in discovering the behavior.

Believing in an Enticing World: Testing a Positive Psychological Intervention Aimed at Increasing Character Strengths and Well-Being via World Beliefs

The Enticing world belief factor—encompassing beliefs that the world is interesting, beautiful, abundant, and worth exploring—has been hypothesized to promote subjective well-being and several character strengths (e.g., curiosity). The present pre-registered longitudinal-experimental study tests a 9-day intervention aiming to increase Enticing world belief in 247 high school and university students (aged 14–35). Results show that the intervention increased Enticing world belief from pre to post. However, these changes did not persist at a 2-week follow-up. Although we did not find the predicted positive total effects of the intervention on optimism, life satisfaction, well-being, curiosity or love of learning from pre to post, we did find positive indirect effects on all of these variables via changes in Enticing world belief. We discuss inferential limitations regarding the observed effects as well as possible reasons for the lack of positive total effects on well-being measures and character strengths.

Development and psychometric assessment of a health action process approach (HAPA) inventory for home nutritional behavior among postoperative gastric cancer patients

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a health action process approach (HAPA) inventory for measuring cognitive belief factors influencing home nutritional behavior among postoperative gastric cancer patients. MethodsItem pool of the inventory was constructed based on the HAPA, literature review, and qualitative interview. Expert consultations were used for item improvement. Then postoperative gastric cancer patients (n = 404) were surveyed to conduct item analysis, reliability and validity test of the inventory. Reliability was evaluated through internal, split-half, and test–retest reliability. Validity was assessed through content and construct validity. ResultsStarting with 44 items in the item pool, the final inventory comprised 23 items. The exploratory factor analysis identified six dimensions—namely, risk perception, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, intention, action planning, coping planning. And the cumulative variance contribution rate was 70.676%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the model fits well (χ2 = 370.794, df = 214, and χ2/df = 1.733, root mean square of approximation error = 0.054, comparative fit index = 0.943, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.933, and incremental fitting index = 0.944). The item and scale level content validity were 0.83–1.00, and 0.98, which was considered good. The reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.922, split-half reliability = 0.781, test–retest reliability = 0.716). ConclusionsThe developed inventory was valid and reliable to assess HAPA-based cognitive belief factors of home nutritional behavior of postoperative gastric cancer patients. Future research is needed to examine the applicability of the inventory in patients across diverse cultural backgrounds and healthcare systems.

An exploration of Italian laypeople’s belief in how human memory works

ABSTRACT We present the first study to measure the beliefs held by Italian laypeople about how human memory works, using a newly developed tool: the Italian Memory Belief Questionnaire (IMBQ). Research conducted in other countries has demonstrated that beliefs about memory vary widely between different professional and non-professional groups, indicating that limitations exist regarding the dissemination of empirically researched scientific knowledge. To ascertain what Italian people understand about memory-related topics, including eyewitness testimony, repression of traumatic memories and factors influencing memory recall, 301 native Italian participants completed the IMBQ in Study 1. In Study 2, 346 additional participants completed the IMBQ, alongside various additional measures, to examine the construct validity of our new instrument and investigate socio-demographic predictors of memory beliefs. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 identified three distinct belief factors that were present in the dataset: eyewitness and memory reliability, trauma and remembering and aspects that improve remembering. Study 2 partially confirmed this factor structure and found IMBQ scores to correlate with existing memory belief questionnaires. Correlations were also found between the IMBQ subscales and measures of fantasy proneness, but not dissociation. In both studies, many Italian laypeople strongly endorsed the notion that controversial topics (i.e., repression) are possible. Contrastingly, Italian laypeople do appear to understand the conceivable inaccuracies of memory in eyewitness settings. Sex, age and education were shown to predict beliefs about memory. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of addressing misinformation about memory, especially in clinical and forensic settings.

What factors affect teacher professional learning: a qualitative meta-analysis based on the Onion model

Purpose Current academic research on teacher learning is increasing in number and deepening in quality, but at the same time, the heterogeneity is growing significantly. Similar work is challenging to cross-check regarding conclusions due to the different research foci. This paper aims to provide a reliable theoretical framework and offers solid insights based on the existing research. Design/methodology/approach Based on the Onion model, 67 core literature in English and Chinese were coded through qualitative meta-analysis methods to explore environmental, behavioral, competence, belief, identity, mission and other factors that may impact teacher learning. Findings It was found that the quantitative structure of the current relevant studies was in an inverted triangular shape with three levels of steps, respectively, which can be summarized as structural environment, core behaviors and dominant mission. The heterogeneity between the findings mainly originated from two situations, oppositional and complementary and some structural adjustments were made to the Onion model according to the coding results to better represent the interaction of influences between the levels. It also analyzes current research trends and the centrality of learned behaviors based on the coding results. Social implications The design of teacher learning activities should combine theoretical, practical and inquiry learning to ensure that teachers are kept fresh and motivated by sustained and varied stimuli. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to analyze teacher learning influences through qualitative meta-analysis and create node saturation to analyze the results, resulting in highly credible and valuable research findings.

Analysis of Social Factors on Immunization Refusal in Jungkat Village

Background: Immunization is one of the most effective and efficient health intervention programs to prevent various diseases in children. But there are still refusals of immunization in some areas in West Kalimantan, one of which is in Jungkat Village. The low number of fully immunized children in Jungkat Village is a serious problem. As a result of not being immunized, dangerous diseases that can be prevented by immunization still threaten children in Jungkat Village. This study aims to understand and identify the factors of refusal of complete basic immunization in Jungkat Village, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. Methods: This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The number of participants in this study was six people who were selected using purposive sampling method. Of the six people, consisted of the head of the Jungkat Health Center, posyandu officers, and three mothers who had toddlers aged 0-24 months. Results: Traditional beliefs and experiences: people in Jungkat village believe that bad things will happen after immunization, family support: without family support, mothers in Jungkat village will be less motivated to participate in the immunization program, parents. There are parents who do not understand why immunization is important for their children's health. Conclusions: Research on the factors of refusal of basic immunization in Jungkat Village, found that the factors of belief in tradition and community experience, community experience, family support, and parental knowledge greatly influenced community attitudes towards immunization.

Current state and influencing factors in airbag management among emergency department nurses: A multicenter study

BACKGROUND The emergency department (ED) plays a critical role in establishing artificial airways and implementing mechanical ventilation. Managing airbags in the ED presents a prime opportunity to mitigate the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Nonetheless, existing research has largely overlooked the understanding, beliefs, and practical dimensions of airway airbag management among ED nurses, with a predominant focus on intensive care unit nurses. AIM To investigate the current status of ED nurses' knowledge, beliefs, and practical behaviors in airway airbag management and their influencing factors. METHODS A survey was conducted from July 10th to August 10th, 2023, using convenience sampling on 520 ED nurses from 15 tertiary hospitals and 5 sary hospitals in Shanghai. Pathway analysis was utilized to analyze the influencing factors. RESULTS The scores for ED nurses' airway airbag management knowledge were 60.26 ± 23.00, belief was 88.65 ± 13.36, and behavior was 75.10 ± 19.84. The main influencing factors of airbag management knowledge included participation in specialized nurse or mechanical ventilation training, department, and work experience in the department. Influencing factors of airbag management belief comprised knowledge, department, and participation in specialized nurse or mechanical ventilation training. Primary influencing factors of airbag management behavior included knowledge, belief, department, participation in specialized nurse or mechanical ventilation training, and professional title. The belief in airbag management among ED nurses acted as a partial mediator between knowledge and behavior, with a total effect value of 0.513, and an indirect effect of 0.085, constituting 16.6% of the total effect. CONCLUSION ED nurses exhibit a positive attitude toward airbag management with relatively standardized practices, yet there remains room for improvement in their knowledge levels. Nursing managers should implement interventions tailored to the characteristics of ED nurses' airbag management knowledge, beliefs, and practices to enhance their airbag management proficiency.

Patient-centric periodontal research: A pioneering application of patient-reported outcome measures

Conventional dentistry or periodontal research often ignores the human component in favor of clinical outcomes and biological causes. Clinical research is driven by the statistical significance of outcome parameters rather than the satisfaction level of the patient. In this context, patient-centric periodontal research (PCPR) is an approach that considers the patient´s feedback concerning their functional status, experience, clinical outcomes, and accessibility to their treatments. It is argued that data self-reported by the patient might have low reliability owing to the confounding effect of their personal belief, cultural background, and social and economic factors. However, literature has shown that the incorporation of “patient-centric outcome” components considerably enhances the validity and applicability of research findings. Variations in the results of different studies might be due to the use of different and non-standardized assessment tools. To overcome this problem, this editorial enlists various reliable tools available in the literature. In conclusion, we advocate that the focus of researchers should shift from mere periodontal research to PCPR so that the results can be effectively applied in clinical settings and the therapeutic strategy can also change from mere periodontal therapy to patient-centric periodontal therapy.

Longtime nemeses or cordial allies? How individuals mentally relate science and religion.

Science and religion are influential social forces, and their interplay has been subject to many public and scholarly debates. The present article addresses how people mentally conceptualize the relationship between science and religion and how these conceptualizations can be systematized. To that end, we provide a comprehensive, integrative review of the pertinent literature. Moreover, we discuss how cognitive (in particular, epistemic beliefs) and motivational factors (in particular, epistemic needs, identity, and moral beliefs), as well as personality and contextual factors (e.g., rearing practices and cross-cultural exposure), are related to these mental conceptualizations. And finally, we provide a flowchart detailing the psychological processes leading to these mental conceptualizations. A comprehensive understanding of how individuals perceive the science-religion relationship is interesting in and of itself and practically relevant for managing societal challenges, such as science denial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Explaining the gift-giving intentions of live-streaming audiences through social presence: the perspective of interactive marketing

PurposeLive streaming has become an extremely popular form of online service and allows live audiences to give virtual gifts or money to their favorite streamers. This study aims to investigate the impact of the audience's multidimensional social presence on their attitudes toward live streamers and intentions to give money or gifts to streamers, based on the interactive marketing perspective. This study considers live audiences' gift-giving intentions by integrating the theory of multidimensional social presence, which includes awareness, cognitive social presence and affective social interaction, and the theory of reasoned action (TRA).Design/methodology/approachThis study invited audiences who had watched live streaming from several popular live-streaming platforms to respond to a web questionnaire. The unit of analysis was at the individual level. This study applied the purposive sampling technique for data collection. A sample of 258 eligible responses to the online survey was analyzed using SPSS software and the causal relationships between the measurement variables of this research model were verified through structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results indicate that the audiences' awareness of participating in live streaming enhanced their cognitive and affective social presence, which positively affected their attitudes toward live streamers. These attitudes had a further significant effect on their gift-giving intentions. Cognitive social presence and affective social presence were found to play significant mediating roles in the relationship between awareness and attitudes toward live streamers.Originality/valueThis study examines audiences' intention to give gifts to their favorite live streamers, based on the interactive marketing perspective. The interactive relationship between live streamers and online audiences is developed by audience members through the process of inner psychological transformation, which is measured through the multidimensional construct of social presence. This occurs through a mutual influence relationship in which awareness simultaneously influences cognitive social presence and affective social presence, and cognitive social presence impacts affective social presence.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes three noteworthy findings to the theory development through the integrated perspective of the TRA and the theory of social presence. (1) Exploring the influence of belief factors on internal psychological responses and intention in live streaming to expand an innovative application of the TRA. (2) Adopting the multidimensional social presence can help researchers more clearly describe various live-streaming situations and extend the research scope of the social presence theory to live-streaming interactive marketing strategies. (3) From the perspective of live-streamer marketing, this study broadens the research fields of electronic commerce and interactive marketing.Practical implicationsThis study provides four practical implications for platform managers and live streamers. (1) To induce favorable attitudes toward live streamers, live streamers initiate various interactive activities sequentially to establish a social presence with the audience. (2) Live streamers should devote themselves to forming a joyful atmosphere for their followers, as this will trigger audiences' affective social presence to generate positive attitudes and increase followers' intentions. (3) To attract and retain young followers, live streamers must devise interesting content and provide fresh services. (4) Platform managers must create useful widgets to assist live streamers in managing their channels and followers.Social implicationsBuilding friendly real-time interaction between the live streamer and the audience is an important task in live streaming and further influences the income of the live streamer and the platform. The study provides an effective approach to building friendly real-time interaction for the live streamer and manager of live-streaming electronic commerce through the interactive marketing perspective. The approach can help the live streamer manage nice communication with their audience and obtain virtual money and gift-giving from the audience.

Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment adherence among people living with HIV in Guangdong Province, China: a cross sectional analysis

BackgroundUnderstanding factors associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence is crucial for ART success among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the “test and treat” era. Multiple psychosocial factors tend to coexist and have a syndemic effect on ART adherence. We aimed to explore factors associated with ART adherence and the syndemic effect of multiple psychosocial factors on ART adherence among PLHIV newly starting ART in Guangdong Province, China.MethodsNewly diagnosed PLHIV from six cities in Guangdong Province were recruited between May 2018 and June 2019, and then followed up from May 2019 to August 2020. Baseline and follow-up data were collected from a questionnaire and the national HIV surveillance system, the follow-up data of which were analyzed in this study. A Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE) index > 10 points was defined as optimal ART adherence, which was measured via participants’ self-reported adherence during follow-up survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with ART adherence. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multi-order latent variable structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed to explore the syndemic effect of multiple psychosocial factors on ART adherence.ResultsA total of 734 (68.53%) follow-up participants were finally included in this study among the 1071 baseline participants, of whom 91.28% (670/734) had self-reported optimal ART adherence. Unemployment (aOR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.01–3.02), no medication reminder (aOR = 2.28, 95%CI: 1.09–4.74), low medication self-efficacy (aOR = 2.28, 95%CI: 1.27–4.10), low social cohesion (aOR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.03–3.19), no social participation (aOR = 5.65, 95%CI: 1.71–18.63), and ART side effects (aOR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.26–0.81) were barriers to optimal ART adherence. The EFA and second-order latent variable SEM showed a linear relationship (standardized coefficient = 0.43, P < 0.001) between ART adherence and the latent psychosocial (syndemic) factor, which consisted of the three latent factors of medication beliefs and self-efficacy (standardized coefficient = 0.65, P < 0.001), supportive environment (standardized coefficient = 0.50, P < 0.001), and negative emotions (standardized coefficient=-0.38, P < 0.01). The latent factors of medication beliefs and self-efficacy, supportive environment, and negative emotions explained 42.3%, 25.3%, and 14.1% of the variance in the latent psychosocial factor, respectively.ConclusionsAbout nine out of ten PLHIV on ART in Guangdong Province self-reported optimal ART adherence. However, more efforts should be made to address barriers to optimal ART adherence.

Examining the School Context Predictors of Self-Determination: The Influence of Teachers’ Beliefs and the Perceived Opportunities

Background: In the literature, ecological factors of the school context and educational environment are considered opportunities for triggering self-determining behaviors. In the causal relationship between opportunities and the initiating of self-determining actions and attitudes, a key role is played by teachers' beliefs about their role in teaching self-determining behaviors and skills and how they perceive the learning and expression of students with disabilities' self-determination. Methods: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the patterns of the relationships, in terms of direct, indirect effects, and total effects, among teachers' beliefs about their role in teaching self-determination to students with disabilities, teachers’ perceived opportunities in the school context and the family environment, and students' capacity for self-determination perceived by teachers. A preliminary adapted AIR Self-Determination Scale, educator form, and teachers' beliefs survey were administered to a number of 157 Romanian teachers qualified to work in the special education system, and who provide specialized educational support and therapeutic services to students with disabilities. Results: The two factors of teachers' beliefs showed direct effects on the opportunities and capacity for self-determination perceived by teachers. The opportunities for self-determination at school and home mediated the relationship between teachers' beliefs and the student’s capacity for self-determination perceived by teachers. Conclusion: The study findings contribute to current Romanian research in this field, and practical educational implications were discussed.

Factors affecting research motivation among lecturers in the Institute of Teacher Education

Motivation to conduct research among lecturers is an important issue that needs to be addressed to ensure that the research culture at the Institute of Teacher Education (ITE) can be nurtured. This study was conducted to identify factors that influence research motivation among lecturers at ITE. This study uses a correlational study design involving a total of 271 lecturers. The selection of the sample is carried out by using a clustered random sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from previous studies. Statistical package for social science and SmartPLS version 3.0 software were used to analyze the data. Findings from the analysis that has been conducted shows that the efficacy belief factor (β=0.312, p&amp;lt;0.001) and institutional support (β=0.230, p&amp;lt;0.001) have influenced the intrinsic motivation to conduct research. Meanwhile, the efficacy belief factor (β=0.353, p&amp;lt;0.001) and institutional support (β=0.187, p&amp;lt;0.001) also influenced the extrinsic motivation to conduct research directly. Overall, the factors studied explained 21.4% and 21.8% of the variance in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to conduct research among lecturers at ITE. The findings of this study can be used by various parties to improve the aspect of increasing research motivation among lecturers.

Longitudinal Trajectories of Social Mobility Beliefs among Chinese Adolescents: The Protective Roles of Parental Academic Involvement and Adolescent Future Orientation.

Social mobility beliefs play a significant role in shaping adolescents' adaptive developmental outcomes, including well-being and academic functioning. Nevertheless, existing research may not cast light on the distinct trajectories and potential protective factors of social mobility beliefs. The present study aims to identify heterogeneity in trajectory patterns of social mobility beliefs among Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.45, SDage = 2.60; 55.1% boys; 40.0% rural adolescents) in a four-wave (i.e., fall 2017, fall 2018, spring 2019, and fall 2019) longitudinal design, and examines the protective roles of parental academic involvement and adolescent future orientation. Three distinct trajectories of social mobility beliefs were identified: high-increasing (35.1%; a positive trajectory with the best developmental outcomes, including the lowest problem behaviors and depression symptoms, and the highest life satisfaction and academic competence), moderate-stable (49.8%), and low-decreasing (15.1%; a negative trajectory with the worst developmental outcomes, including the highest problem behaviors and depression symptoms, and the lowest life satisfaction and academic competence). Apart from the main effects of parental academic involvement and future orientation, a significant interaction effect of these two protective factors and adolescent group was detected, and only rural adolescents who reported both high levels of parental academic involvement and future orientation have a greater chance of being placed in the high-increasing trajectory than the low-decreasing trajectory. These findings highlight the significance of clarifying individual differences in the dynamic process of social mobility beliefs during adolescence, and elucidate rural-urban disparities in the influences of protective factors on social mobility beliefs trajectories, and inform individualized intervention strategies.

Decoding Consumer Sentiments: A Regression analysis on Beliefs and Attitudes towards Advertising in General

Studies investigating overall consumer beliefs and attitudes towards advertising have been conducted from time to time in different parts of the world. Researchers have also investigated if and which beliefs of respondents towards advertising significantly predict consumer attitude towards advertising in general but any such exclusive study is still scant in Indian perspective. This study attempts to bridge the gap by examining the consumers’ overall beliefs and attitudes towards advertising in North India. The respondents were given 32 belief statements from which eight belief factors were extracted using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which were further validated by performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Using regression analysis, it has been found that seven of the eight extracted factors significantly predicted consumers’ attitudes towards advertising in general. The obtained results reflected that consumers in Northern India have developed negative overall beliefs towards advertising compared to the beliefs explored in earlier studies conducted in other parts of the world. The findings of this study on consumer beliefs and attitudes towards advertising in North India open avenues for future research by highlighting the unique nuances in this region. Further investigations could delve into the specific cultural, socioeconomic, and demographic factors shaping these negative beliefs.

Dance for the dead: The role of top-down beliefs for social cohesion and anxiety management in naturally occurring collective rituals.

Collective rituals, particularly those characterized by synchrony and pain, have been shown to yield positive social and emotional outcomes. The question arises as to whether these findings extend to low-arousal, family-centered rituals and how spiritual beliefs factor into these communal practices. This study set out to examine the interplay between belief, ritual participation, and their effects on anxiety, social cohesion, and prosocial behavior during a low-arousal collective ritual in Mikasa, Japan. Drawing upon a sample of 183 festival participants, we measured belief in ancestors using a novel scale, identifying significant and consistent associations between these beliefs and measures of social cohesion across multiple targets. Moreover, active participation as a festival dancer displayed a positive relationship with feelings of social cohesion, particularly towards other festival attendees and at the national level. On measures of prosocial behavior, ancestral beliefs were positively associated with generosity shown within the festival setting, whereas observers were less generous towards community members than a non-attending control group. Anxiety outcomes displayed a negative relationship with ancestral beliefs and ritual observation but not participation as seen in previous research, suggesting a complex interplay between rituals, emotions, and individual states. These findings provide novel insights into the importance of belief systems and active participation in shaping social bonds and behaviors in the context of collective rituals.