Republic Of Belarus Research Articles

Transformation of the Constitutional Model of Public Formations in the Republic of Belarus

The transformation of the constitutional model of public formations in the conditions of formation and development of the Republic of Belarus is considered as a formal legal objectification of the relevant principles and categorical and conceptual apparatus within the framework of the dynamics of constitutional regulation caused by socio-political and other factors, it provides for a transition from the perception of public formations as an element of the party-state mechanism to the recognition of their independence and functional diversity with the presence of political priority in the intended purpose. It is noted that at the present stage, the constitutional model of public formations in the Republic of Belarus is being transformed within the framework of the development of the constitutional foundations of democracy and civil society, the consolidation of the ideology of the Belarusian state as a constitutional dominant, the revision of the purpose and differentiation. Proposals are being made to develop the relevant constitutional legislation in the Republic of Belarus.

Strengthening economic ties between Belarus and Russia: prospects and challenges

The article examines the prospects and obstacles to strengthening economic ties between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. Today, the deepening of cooperation between them plays a strategic role for both countries in the current geopolitical situation, especially in the context of the prevailing global challenges. The objective of the research is to examine the potential for strengthening economic ties between Belarus and Russia in order to determine development prospects and reveal potential hindrances to this process. The scientific importance of the study lies in the expanding of knowledge about international economic transactions and their impact on regional economy. The practical importance of this work lies in the fact that it provides an assessment of the current state of relations between Belarus and Russia. The methodology of this work includes analytical coverage of economic data such as the volume of exports, imports, as well as the study of political and trade relations; data from the official web resource of the Federal Customs Service of Russia and the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus (“Belstat”) have been used. The information about the most exported and imported commodities has been collected from the Ru-Stat website. The main results and conclusions emphasize the importance of deepening economic relations between Belarus and Russia, as well as identify potential obstacles to this process. The article can contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of economic cooperation within the Belarusian and Russian territories. In general, the conceptual approach to deepening economic relations provides understanding of the cooperation dynamics.

PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS OF THE OBJECTS OF THE GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS

The article highlights the experience of creating, applying and developing a digital twin of the gas distribution system of the Republic of Belarus. The effect of using IT technologies in the field of gas supply as an integral part of the overall engineering infrastructure of the country is shown. The principles of the construction and functioning of the existing set of software tools that ensure the production activities of gas supply organizations and the management apparatus of GPO "Beltopgaz" are described. Scientific and methodological approaches to the creation of predictive analytics tools for objects of the gas distribution system of the Republic of Belarus are formulated.

The First Information on the Low Molecular Metabolom Lobelia dortmanna (Campanulaceae, Magnoliophyta) Growing in the Northwest of the Russian Federation

The low molecular weight metabolome (LMWM) of Lobelia dortmanna L. (Campanulaceae, Magnoliophyta), a relic aquatic macrophyte listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus, was studied for the first time using the GC/MS technique. It is a macrophyte that grows in oligotrophic lakes in the northwest of the Vologda Region, Russia. Thirteen major chemicals were among the 127 volatile low molecular weight organic compounds (VOCs) discovered, which accounted for 77.23% of the overall VOC content (198.75 µg/g dry plant weight). The main components of LMWM were carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. The presence of a large number of biologically active metabolites with a high concentration in L. dortmanna LMWM may indicate a significant effect of this plant on the hydrobiocenoses of the littoral zone of oligotrophic lakes. Further research into the LMWM of aquatic macrophytes in oligotrophic lakes, a valuable renewable resource, is needed to assess the background characteristics of the natural environment for more effective monitoring of the ecological state of water bodies in the Russian Federation's North-West and the rational use of their biological resources.

Оценка профессиональной педагогической подготовки в контексте принципа инклюзии в Беларуси

<p>The results of an empirical study of a comprehensive assessment of the professional training of future teachers of various specialties (preschool educators, primary school teachers, subject teachers, psychology teachers, social educators, speech pathologists) at higher education institutions in the Republic of Belarus are presented. The complexity of the assessment is ensured by the study of all components of professional teacher training (educational conditions, educational process, educational results) and the representativeness of the multi-subject groups of respondents (vice-rectors for academic affairs of institutions of higher education, teaching staff, graduate students and undergraduates). In order to obtain the research results, there were used author's checklists, 4 types of questionnaires correlated with the marker system (marker 1 – "educational conditions", marker 2 – "educational process", marker 3 – "educational results"), criteria, indicators. The study involved 8242 respondents, including the authority (10 vice-rectors for academic affairs), the teaching staff (1131 people), future teacher students of various specialties (7101 people). Mathematical and statistical data processing included the usee of Pearson's χ2 criterion (STATISTICA statistical package version 10.0). The study allowed us to see an important problem – "deficits" in the quality of university teaching staff training (especially its methodological component) that enables to solve problems of forming professional competencies in future teachers. The assessment of professional teacher training made it possible to determine the vectors of improvement of organizational and pedagogical conditions, content and methodological support of higher teacher-training education in the context of the implementation of the principle of inclusion, new methodological approaches to improving the quality of differentiated professional teacher training and to create a basis for making a number of managerial decisions.</p>

Surgical treatment of extraintestinal amoebiasis with development of right lobe liver abscess: case study

The treatment of extraintestinal amoebiasis is a major surgical concern given the low prevalence in the Republic of Belarus and consequently difficult diagnosis. In this article, we present our own experience with the surgical treatment of a patient with an amoebic liver abscess. The patient underwent laparoscopy guided drainage of the abscess of the right lobe of the liver according to the technique developed in the clinic. A puncture-drainage system consisting of a Foley catheter and a guide stylet was used. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition for outpatient treatment and observation by a surgeon, a general practitioner, and an infectious disease specialist. There were no repeated visits or admissions. The presented case emphasizes the importance of combined treatment of amoebic liver abscesses using percutaneous drainage and conservative therapy with amoebicidal drugs such as metronidazole.

Cluster mechanism for the initiative scientific and technical results implementation in Belarus

The article considers the prerequisites for the emergence of a cluster mechanism for the introduction of initiative developments in the Republic of Belarus. A basic (reference) model of the implementation mechanism is proposed, according to which a new cluster mechanism is formed at the level of its core, an algorithm for integration and interaction of implementation organizations and six conditions for the implementation of this algorithm in practice. It is shown that the launch of a new cluster mechanism will allow the introduction of 14 to 26 initiative developments annually, which will contribute to the socio-economic development of Belarus.

Principles of socially responsible marketing

The concept of socially responsible marketing is considered in the context of modern trends in the economic policy of the Republic of Belarus and the state of business ecosystems. On the basis of complex analysis of scientific points of view and adaptation to modern conditions of management the author’s definition of socially responsible marketing is offered, its differentiation from the concepts of socially ethical marketing and relationship marketing is carried out. A system of principles of socially responsible marketing has been developed as the fundamental principles of strategic management of a Belarusian enterprise, which should be understood as internal social responsibility; external social responsibility; environmental responsibility; compliance with legal and ethical standards; receiving a profit.

Problems and prospects of digital development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

In the modern world of rapidly developing technologies, digitalization has become not just a trend, but a vital condition for the successful functioning of any business, regardless of its scale. In Russia, as in many other countries, digitalization processes have taken a leading position among development priorities. Today digitalization implies the active and widespread introduction of modern digital technologies, automation tools and innovative solutions in all areas of business, which means a transition from traditional, manual methods of work to automated processes based on digital data. Digitalization is of particular importance for the development of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is this segment of the economy that is the most dynamic, flexible and adaptable to changes in most developed countries of the world. The introduction of digital solutions in small and medium-sized businesses will improve their competitiveness, create new jobs, strengthen economic growth and make Russia more competitive at the global level. The article examines the results of a study of the state of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and the Republic of Belarus, the degree of implementation of digital technologies in small and medium-sized businesses in the two countries. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, a conclusion was made about the positive dynamics of the development of both the SME sector as a whole and the level of its digitalization, the directions of digital development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus were determined.

Increasing labour productivity by providing innovative activities in when repair and service sector in livestock industry

At present, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are significantly behind the developed countries in terms of labor productivity and the share of domestic companies implementing technological innovations in the main sectors of the economy (especially in agriculture). One of the significant factors of this lag is the underestimation in past years of the promising potential of various innovative technologies and, as a consequence the very limited and slow implementation of breakthrough innovations in the most signifi cant sectors of the domestic economy. The decisive turn of the state economic policy of neighboring states in the area of deep technological transformation of all sectors of the economy is aimed at an innovative breakthrough and reaching advanced growth rates in the technological and economic development of fraternal countries. However, along with the introduction of the latest technologies the creation of completely new modern high-tech industries, which will require colossal fi nancial investments, the task of comprehensively and thoroughly exploring internal production reserves, searching for new forms and methods of improving the effi ciency of labour organization at existing enterprises, which will also bring a noticeable economic effect, remains relevant. This article describes in sufficient detail practical activities to improve and streamline accounting, planning, certifi cation, rationalization of workplaces of animal husbandry technical service organizations under the current conditions of the developing market. The results of the studies show that certifi cation and rationalization of workplaces are eff ective tools in fi nding internal production reserves to improve the use of labour resources, fi xed production assets, promotes the replacement of obsolete equipment, improves the relationship between workplaces, improves working conditions, and optimally balances the need for labour with the number of existing workplaces. This will significantly increase the overall efficiency of activities and competitiveness of service enterprises in the fi eld of animal husbandry.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ МОДЕЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА ПАРЛАМЕНТСКОЙ АССАМБЛЕИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ДОГОВОРА О КОЛЛЕКТИВНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

In the context of modern challenges and threats caused primarily by the Russian Federation conducting a special military operation to demilitarize and denazify Ukraine and, as a result, unprecedented sanctions of the collective West against the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, it is important to use the capabilities of the model legislation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization in relation to issues of ensuring economic security. The purpose of the legislative activity of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization in this area is to develop effective mechanisms to prevent new challenges and threats to collective security. Currently, the scientific discussion undertaken by the author of the article on the issues of ensuring economic security is important for the development of modern scientific concepts and forecasts. The scientific article can be used by representatives of public authorities, as well as employees, graduate students, applicants and students of higher educational institutions in their research and educational activities.

Flexible Capacity Road Passenger Transport: History, Current, Future

Regular passenger transportation plays an important role in the life of modern society. At the same time, the financial burden of paying for its operation falls on the state budget and is the subject of periodic measures aimed at reducing this budgetary burden. Implementation of such goals is usually carried out by reducing the number of flights, which leads to a decrease in the quality of passenger service and their outflow to the personal car, which leads to an increase in motorization with all the negative attributes inherent in this phenomenon. This publication gives a literature review of scientific publications on the subject of the use of road passenger transport of dynamic capacity - trailer passenger vehicles, which in the period of growth of passenger traffic are coupled, increasing capacity, and in periods of decline - uncoupled, reducing capacity. Modern scientific and practical tendencies of this direction abroad are shown. A new approach to the organization of regular passenger transport operation in the Republic of Belarus is proposed, which consists in the daily forecasting of passenger capacity for each trip of each route with the subsequent assignment of passenger vehicles of flexible capacity to such trips, maximally corresponding to the available passenger capacity.

Эмоциональные коммуникации в детско-родительских отношениях и жизнеспособность будущей взрослой семьи

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. To analyze the contribution of the most immediate contextual influences (child-parent emotional communications) to the resilience of the adult family (using the samples from Belarus and Russia). <strong>Background. </strong>Understanding the role of emotional dysfunctions in parent-child relationships in the context of Russian and Belarusian cultures helps to identify the conditions for the resilience of a future adult family, which can become the basis for social family policy at the state level and improvement of the practice of psychological assistance to families. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>The study was conducted online using the snowball method. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the impact of dysfunction in parental families, intensity of the negative events, age of respondents and number of children on family resilience. Children's experiences of adults are illustrated by the results of projective technique. <br><strong>Participants. </strong>The study involved 853 respondents (595 people from the Russian Federation, 258 from the Republic of Belarus) aged from 18 to 77 years (average age 36 ± 12 years, median = 36 years), 90,5% female. <br><strong>Measurements. </strong>Family resilience was assessed using Gusarova’s et al. “Family Resilience Assessment Scale” (FRAS-RII). Dysfunctions in parental families were determined according to Kholmogorova’s et al. “Family Emotional Communications” and the projective technique of Odintsova et al. “Space of Trees and Light.” The intensity of negative events in families was assessed on a scale from 1 to 10. <br><strong>Results. </strong>Dysfunctions in parental families make a significant contribution to the resilience of the future adult family (up to 20% of explained variance). Family perfectionism has a positive effect, and the elimination of emotions has a negative impact on the resilience of adult families in the context of two cultures. In Russian families of origin there is over-involvement, and in Belarusian families criticism negatively affects the resilience of respondent’s families. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The critical atmosphere in parental families, the high intensity of adverse events in Belarusian families, and overprotection in the parental families of Russians contribute to a decrease in families’ resilience. The presence and number of children in a family contributes to the family resilience in both countries. Culture and traditions are a solid basis for the majority of Russians and Belarusians.</p>

Features of Carbon Regulation in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation: Comparative Analysis and Trends

The article reviews international acts in the field of combating climate change (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement), identifies the main trends in the field of carbon regulation: emissions quoting; implementation of climate projects; introduction of greenhouse gas reporting and expansion of the legislative framework. A comparative analysis of the national legislation in force in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation is carried out, its conditional classification is considered with the allocation of carbon regulation instruments being applied, viz. the market ones, the restrictive ones, the supporting ones and the auxiliary ones. The regulation of greenhouse gas emissions should include a wide range of activities and cannot be reduced solely to restrictive instruments. Market instruments include the national emissions trading system, international voluntary markets and instruments of international cooperation, while restrictive instruments include the introduction of carbon taxes, quotas, and mandatory carbon reporting. Among the examples of supporting instruments subsidies, targeted financing and tax preferences, as well as information policy may be noted. Auxiliary instruments include methodologies for quantitative assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and uptake, carbon reporting standards and tools for verification of reporting on greenhouse gas emissions, legislated possibility of implementing climate projects. The normative national regulation regarding the accounting of greenhouse gas emissions is considered, the categories of emission sources and greenhouse gases whose emissions are subject to accounting are identified. It is important to note that the legislation on greenhouse gases in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, as well as around the world, has not been finalized and is in the process of formation.

Comprehensive assessment of adaptability, stability and stress resistance of diploid winter rye varieties under conditions of Western Siberia

Currently, the adaptability and stability of the trait under study, i.e., the ability of a variety to maintain the optimal level of the trait in different soil and climatic conditions, is of particular importance in the breeding process. A research was conducted to comprehensively study the parameters of adaptability, stability and stress resistance in terms of yield of diploid winter rye varieties of different ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of Western Siberia. The experimental part of the study was carried out during 2019–2021, at the experimental site of SibNIIRS - a branch of the ICG SB RAS, located in the West Siberian region. The material for the research was: 6 varieties of winter rye from of the FRC «N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources» (Korotkostebelnaya 69, Sibirskaya 87, Chulpan, Pamyati Kunakbaeva, Sinilga, Alisa) and 8 varieties from the Republican unitary enterprise «Research and Practical Center of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus for Arable Farming» (Lota, Kalinka, Golubka, Vostok, Verdun, Talisman, Zubrovka, Yubileinaya). According to the results of two-factor analysis of variance, the yield was influenced by genotypic differences between varieties - 77.34% (P < 0.05) and the prevailing growing conditions in different years of research - 11.98% (P < 0.05). The varieties Sibirskaya 87 (689.0 g/m2) and Yubileinaya (706.0 g/m2) were characterized by productivity at the level or higher than the standard Korotkostebelnaya 69 (650 g/m2). As a result of a comprehensive assessment using ranking for adaptability, stability and stress resistance, the following winter rye varieties were identified: Yubileynaya (102), Korotkostelnaya 69 (97), Sibirskaya 87 (87), Zubrovka (79), Alisa (77), Talisman (74). The selected varieties are capable of producing relatively high yields in the contrasting conditions of Western Siberia.

Prohibition of driving vehicles in the punishment system

Subject of research: the norms of criminal legislation of Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the USSR, Poland, Spain, the Federal Republic of Germany, Estonia, defining deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle as a type of punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to hold certain positions and engage in certain activities, as well as the problematic aspects of its appointment. Purpose of research: to identify problematic aspects and ways to improve the norms of the criminal law defining the system of punishments of the Republic of Belarus, and to make proposals to overcome them. Object of research: criminal law relations arising from the application of criminal liability with the imposition of punishment of deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle as a type of punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to hold certain positions and engage in certain activities, which were studied by applying a retrospective and comparative legal analysis of the approaches of domestic and foreign legislators to this punishment. Main results of research: it is proposed to provide for an independent punishment in the form of a ban on driving in the Belarusian penal system, while its possible legal structure is described.

Innovative Processes in the Sanatorium and Resort Sector of the Republic of Belarus

INTRODUCTION. The introduction of innovative processes in sanatorium-resort activities helps to approach the individual treatment of a citizen’s disease or preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of the population in a sanatorium-resort area, simplify the functioning of health resorts and their provision of high-quality services for sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation. AIM. To determine the level of public awareness about sanatorium-resort organizations in the Republic of Belarus and to propose an algorithm for introducing innovative processes into their activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The survey method was used in the study. The research tool was a questionnaire. The representativeness of the sample was ensured by calculating the required number of respondents, taking into account the population of the regions of the Republic of Belarus (923 people) account the power of the study at the level (1 – β) = 80 %. A mobile application has been developed in the Visual Studio Code environment to improve the activities and optimize organizational processes in the health resort in order to raise public awareness, based on a study conducted in the health resorts of the republic to assess the quality of services provided for sanatorium treatment and wellness. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. To identify the factors influencing the choice of a health resort by the population, cluster analysis, showed the closest correlation between the factors “doctors’ recommendations” and “medical services” influencing the choice of a health resort. The distribution of health resort awareness assessment in the regional context varied from 10.5 % (Grodno region) to 17.7 % (Minsk). The following are proposed: a system for informing the population and an algorithm for meeting the needs of the population in treatment and rehabilitation, the participation of information in sanatorium and resort activities. A selective assessment of the quality of spa treatment and wellness services in health resorts was carried out. A mobile application has been developed. CONCLUSION. The level of awareness of the population of the Republic of Belarus about the activities of sanatorium-resort organizations was assessed using a survey method — regional differences were identified. A model of the public information system and an algorithm for meeting the needs of the population and health improvement, the participation of information in sanatorium and resort activities are presented. A mobile application has been developed for sanatorium-resort organizations.

Phytohormonal balance and differential gene expression in chronically irradiated Scots pine populations from the chernobyl affected zone.

The impact of chronic radiation exposure on phytohormone content and expression of phytohormone- and stress-related genes of Scots pine in the zone affected by the Chernobyl accident was studied. Needle samples were collected from three plots with contrasting levels of radioactive contamination in the Polesye State Radiation-Ecological Reserve, Republic of Belarus, and two reference plots in the Kozeluzhsky forest in June 2022. The experimental plots were located within the artificial plantations of Scots pine established in 1982, before the accident in 1986. The activity of radionuclides 137Cs, 90Sr, 241Am, 238Pu, and 239+240Pu in soil and needles ensured dose rates ranging from 3.3 to 87 mGy × year-1, while at the reference plots, the range was 0.7‒0.8 mGy × year-1. Concentrations of plant hormones, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), zeatin, and abscisic acid (ABA) in needles were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We demonstrate that chronic radiation exposure is a significant stress factor that affects both phytohormonal balance and the expression of some important phytohormone- and stress-related genes. We found a tendency toward decreased ABA and auxin concentrations in trees from plots contaminated with radionuclides. The ratio (IAA + IBA + zeatin)/ABA was drastically raised at the most contaminated plots Masany and Kulazhin, reflecting the functional rearrangements of cellular metabolism that ensure plant adaptation under chronic radiation exposure. Changes in gene expression indicated modulation of ABA and Ca2+ signalling pathways, decreased potential of zeatin biosynthesis, and activation of heat shock proteins biosynthesis.

Practical application of heterosis on yield evidence and fruits biochemical composition for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in open ground

Relevance. The research is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the high-parent heterosis manifestation which connected with yield traits and the biochemical composition of tomato fruits.Materials and Methods. The work was carried out in 2021–2023 in open field conditions on the experimental plot of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy (Mogilev region, Belarus). The objects of research were 30 F1 hybrids and 11 parental forms with different levels of economically valuable traits and with the specific set of genes for pathogen resistance and lycopene accumulation. The aim of the research was to create high-yield heterotic F1 tomato hybrids, adapted to open field conditions in Belarus, with a valuable biochemical composition of fruits.Results. The best hybrid combinations showed an early yield of 0.90–2.49 kg/m2, a marketable yield of 7.50–11.40 kg/m2, and a total yield of 8.22–13.12 kg/m2. High heterosis effect was established for early (88.9–291.0%), marketable (36.0–111.2%), and total (28.6–97.8%) yield in some hybrids. Significant differences in the accumulation of dry matter, carotene, and soluble carbohydrates were ascertained between the hybrids. Hybrid combinations with the highest value of true heterosis on accumulation of dry matter (18.3–21.6%), carotene (20.2–22.9%), and soluble carbohydrates (15.7–38.9%) were identified. Inheritance of early, marketable and total yield, dry matter content, carotene and soluble carbohydrates predominantly took place according to the positive overdominance, fruit weight – according to the intermediate inheritance, vitamin C content – according to the negative overdominance. Hybrids Brusnichny F1, Mansiata F1, Rada F1 were transferred to the State Inspection for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties of the Republic of Belarus and successfully passed the testing stage in 2023.

Formation of the alternative food sector: advanced foreign experience and opportunities for energy-efficient food production

The article considers innovative directions of food production, which are actively researched in foreign science and mastered in practice in order to achieve food, energy, climate and environmental goals. The spheres of appli cation and the main producers of alternative food products are determined, the sources of energy efficiency improvement of agro-food systems arising from the replacement of traditional industries by alternative ones are identified. The key factors determining the formation and development of the alternative food sector have been identified, and the common features and distinctive features of the directions that have become widespread have been established. The prospects of alternative food products application in the Republic of Belarus are highlighted.