Behera Governorate Research Articles

Financial evaluation of dragon fruit cultivation in Egypt Case study: Future Farm in Behera Governorate

Financial evaluation of dragon fruit cultivation in Egypt Case study: Future Farm in Behera Governorate

Food Born Pathogen Contamination of Some Meat Products in Damanhur City, Egypt

The study assessed the chemical and microbial quality of some meat products (Liver, Luncheon, minced meat, and Sausage) in addition to detecting some virulence genes associated with some isolated strains. Two hundred random samples of meat products including 50 samples each of (minced meat, Liver, luncheon and sausage) were randomly collected from different butchers at Damanhur city, El Behera Governorate for some chemical (TVN and TBA) and microbiological evaluation (APC, Staph. aureus, E.coli, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium perfringens), in addition, detection of virulence genes in some isolated strains. The obtained results revealed that mean values of TVB-N and TBA was higher in liver than other meat products. In regard to microbiological evaluation, results revealed that incidence of staph. aureus, E.coli, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens were (40, 24, 20 and 30%), (36, 10, 8 and 30%), (2, 4, 0, 4%), (16, 20, 24 and 34%) and (28, 10, 18, and 36%), in the examined minced meat, liver, luncheon and sausage, respectively. Salmonella could not be detected in examined luncheon samples. Regarding virulence genes (Pvl and Sea) and (invA and Stn) were detected in 100% of isolated Staph. aureus and Salmonella strains, respectively. eaeA was detected in 100% of isolated E.coli strains while Stx2 was detected in only one strain. Isolated strains of Clostridium perfringens were positive for enterotoxin gene (cpe) and alpha-toxin (cpa) at percent 100%. The presence of aerobic bacteria like Staphylococci aureus, E. coli, bacillus cereus, Salmonella, and Clostridium perfringens may be due to poor hygienic measures during processing and handling of meat products. So, consumption of these products could be associated with possible risk of infection, suggesting the need for the institution of strict hygienic measures during handling of meat products

Globalization impacts on some rural family functions (a study in Wafaeia V illage, Delingat District, Behera Governorate.)

Globalization impacts on some rural family functions (a study in Wafaeia V illage, Delingat District, Behera Governorate.)

Importance of potassium and phosphorus in winter fertilization for olive trees

Background: This experiment was conducted in two successive seasons on Picual olive trees which planted in a private orchard located at El Khatatbah district belongs to El Behera governorate, Egypt, and that in order to study the effect of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate MKP (KH2PO4) addition on the olive fruit quality, yield and its oil content, trees were sprayed at two concentrations (2 and 4%). The treatments were applied on three dates as follows: (1) Once at mid-December. (2) Twice at mid-December + mid-January. (3) Once at mid-January. Results: Spraying MKP at 4% regardless the time of application had improved the tree yield (kg/tree), fruit characteristics and leaf nitrogen content compared to the control; however spraying MKP at 2% in the two seasons, had increased the oil content significantly. Conclusions: Winter applications of MKP at different times showed a positive effect on the studied parameters compared with the control.Picual

Spatiotemporal analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in poultry in Egypt (2006 to 2017)

BackgroundIn Egypt, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 is endemic and possesses a severe impact on the poultry. To provide a better understanding of the distributional characteristics of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in Egypt, this study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and identify clusters of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in Egypt from 2006 to 2017.ResultsThe Epidemic curve (EC) was constructed through time series analysis; in which six epidemic waves (EWs) were revealed. Outbreaks mainly started in winter peaked in March and ended in summer. However, newly emerged thermostable clades (2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2) during the 4th EW enabled the virus to survive and cause infection in warmer months with a clear alteration in the seasonality of the epidemic cycle in the 5th EW. The endemic situation became more complicated by the emergence of new serotypes. As a result, the EC ended up without any specific pattern since the 6th EW to now. The spatial analysis showed that the highest outbreak density was recorded in the Nile Delta considering it as the ‘Hot spot’ region. By the 6th EW, the outbreak extended to include the Nile valley. From spatiotemporal cluster epidemics, clustering in the Delta was a common feature in all EWs with primary clusters consistently detected in the hot-spot region, but the location and size varied with each EW. The highest Relative Risk (RR) regions in an EW were noticed to contain the primary clusters of the next EW and were found to include stopover sites for migratory wild birds. They were in Fayoum, Dakahlia, Qalyobiya, Sharkia, Kafr_Elsheikh, Giza, Behera, Menia, and BeniSuef governorates. Transmission of HPAI H5N1 occurred from one location to another directly resulted in a series of outbreaks forming neighboring secondary clusters. The absence of geographical borders between the governorates in addition to non-restricted movements of poultry and low vaccination and surveillance coverage contributed to the wider spread of infection all over Egypt and to look like one epidemiological unit.ConclusionOur findings can help in better understanding of the characteristics of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks and the distribution of outbreak risk, which can be used for effective disease control strategies.Graphical abstract

EFFECT OF TRYPTOPHAN, SALICYLIC AND ASCORBIC ACIDS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF NAVEL ORANGE TREES

A field experiment was carried out during the 2019 and 2020 seasons on 12-year-old Navel orange trees grown in El Bustan district, El Behera Governorate, Egypt. Three concentrations (25, 50 and 75 ppm) of tryptophan, (100, 200 and 300 ppm) of salicylic, and (500, 750 and 1000 ppm) of ascorbic as well as the control (tape water) were foliar application three times a year, i.e., at full bloom stage and the second one was performed just after fruit setting and the third was sprayed four weeks later. The results showed that, tryptophan treatment at 75 ppm improved shoot length, tree height, tree canopy volume, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit volume. Moreover, salicylic as foliar application at 300 ppm increased fruit set percentage, fruit retention percentage, numbers of fruits/ tree, yield, yield efficiency, peel thickness, juice weight, fruit juice percentage, TSS, ascorbic acid content, and total sugars content.

The Antimicrobial Pattern of E. coli Isolated from Various Animal Sources at El Behera Governorate

The emergence of multidrug resistant E. coli isolated from animal and animal products become the main wary of food safety and public health authorities worldwide. The present study was undertaken to recognize the most important serovars and the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of E. coli isolated from animals and animal products. Results showed that out of the 300 examined samples (75 cows mastitic milk, 77 buffalo's mastitic milk, 40 cattle meat, 43 buffaloes meat and 65 chicken meat), 60 isolates (20 %) were confirmed as E. coli based on cultural characteristic and biochemical identification. These isolates were further identified serologically, the obtained isolates were categorized as O26:H11 (4/22, 18%), O91:H21 (3/22, 13.6%), O111:H2 (2/22, 9%), O146:H21 (2/22, 9%), O1:H7 (1/22, 4.5%), O55:H7 (1/22, 4.5%), O119:H6 (1/22, 4.5%), O121:H7 (1/22, 4.5%), O78 (2/22, 9%), O125: H21 (2/22, 9%), O128 : H2 (1/22, 4.5%), O159 (1/22, 4.5%), and O44:H18 (1/22, 4.5%). The isolates were further tested for antimicrobial resistance against 14 commercial antibiotics. The obtained results showed that the isolates were resistant to Erythromycin (22/22, 100٪), Streptomycin (21/22, 95.5٪), Nalidixic acid (17/22, 80٪), Clindamycin (14/22, 63.6٪) and Sulphamethozole (11/22, 50٪). Lower resistance rate was observed in case of Cephalothin (9/22, 40.9٪), Tetracycline (7/22, 31.8٪), Ampicillin (6/22, 27.3٪), Colistin (5/22, 22.7٪), Ciprofloxacin (5/22, 22.7٪), Amikacin (4/22, 18.2٪), Levofloxacin (2/22, 9.1٪), Gentamycin (2/22, 9.1٪) and Meropenem was (1/22, 4.5٪). In conclusion, there a wide variation in E. coli serogroups isolated from different animals and animal products. These serogroups exhibited a high multidrug resistance index against the commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, regular monitoring of the potential sources of human infection with E. coli will help establish accurate preventive and curative measures.

Comparative Vegetative, Nutritional and Anatomical Study of Two Almond Varieties Grafted on Bitter Almond and Nemaguard Peach Rootstocks

A comparative study was conducted during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 growing seasons for Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra almond cvs grafted on Bitter almond and Nemaguard peach rootstocks at the Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre at Nubaria, El Behera governorate, Egypt. The comparison was evaluated through the grafting success percentage, vegetative growth, determination of some leaf mineral composition, as well as, the anatomical examination of scion/rootstock union zone and cross-section of leaves. The obtained results clarified that the grafting success percentage was significantly affected by the different used rootstocks. Using Bitter almond rootstock recorded the highest percentage of grafting success, leaf chlorophyll content, root length, and a number of lateral root /plant in both cultivars. Using Nemaguard peach rootstock recorded significantly the highest values of scion length, stem girth above and below union zone, number of branches and leaves/plant, leaf area as well as seedlings fresh and dry weight. Leaves of both cultivars grafted on Nemaguard peach rootstock recorded the highest concentrations of leaf mineral contents as compared to those grafted on Bitter almond rootstock. Cross-sections of the graft union zone were taken after 28 days and 6 months from grafting for anatomical analysis. The callus cells developed 28 days after grafting, but cambial cells between the rootstock and scion tissues did not occur in all scion/rootstock combinations. After 6 months of grafting, cambial cells were established, vascular differentiation was observed, regular parenchymatic tissue properties and sclerenchyma bundles were seen in the graft union. There was no problem in terms of compatibility of Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra on Bitter almond and Nemaguard peach rootstocks. Comparing leaf cross-sections of almond grafted on both rootstocks demonstrated that the density of mesophyll cells was affected as a consequence of the rootstock–scion interaction. Nemaguard peach rootstock can be recommended for grafting Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra almond cultivars under Nubaria conditions to produce vigorous trees.

Very High Fascioliasis Intensities in Schoolchildren from Nile Delta Governorates, Egypt: The Old World Highest Burdens Found in Lowlands.

Quantitative coprological analyses of children were performed in Alexandria and Behera governorates, Egypt, to ascertain whether individual intensities in the Nile Delta lowlands reach high levels as those known in hyperendemic highland areas of Latin America. Analyses focused on subjects presenting intensities higher than 400 eggs per gram of faeces (epg), the high burden cut-off according to WHO classification. A total of 96 children were found to shed between 408 and 2304 epg, with arithmetic and geometric means of 699.5 and 629.07 epg, respectively. Intensities found are the highest hitherto recorded in Egypt, and also in the whole Old World. A total of 38 (39.6%) were males and 58 (60.4%) were females, with high intensities according to gender following a negative binomial distribution. The high burden distribution shows a peak in the 7–10 year-old children group, more precocious in females than males. Results showed high burdens in winter to be remarkably higher than those known in summer. The fascioliasis scenario in Egyptian lowlands shows similarities to highlands of Bolivia and Peru. Diagnostic methods, pathogenicity and morbidity in high burdens should be considered. The need for an appropriate quantitative assessment of heavy infected children to avoid post-treatment colic episodes is highlighted.

MITIGATION OF EXCESSIVE SOLAR RADIATION AND WATER STRESS ON ‘KEITT’ MANGO Mangifera indica TREES THROUGH SHADING

Excessive solar radiation “global warming” and water scarcity are consider the main environmental constraints for plant growth and production under arid and semi-arid regions. The current research was aimed to study the effect of irrigation levels (100%, 85%, 70% of irrigation requirements), and shading levels (60%, 40%, 0%) on the growth and productivity of ‘Keitt’ mango trees. This experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) at El Behera Governorate, Egypt. Decreasing irrigation level (IR) decreased leaf area, malformed panicle, powdery mildew infection, final fruit set, fruit numbers, yield but it increased chlorophyll content, proline content, leaf water content. While, increasing shading levels (SH) increased leaves number, leaf area, fruit set, powdery mildew infection, malformed panicle but it decreased fruit sunburn damage, proline content, chlorophyll content and relative water content. Moreover, accumulative effects of 85% IR + 40% SH significantly increased leaf area, fruit set, fruit number, yield, chlorophyll content, WUE, proline content, relative water content, leaf water content while decreasing powdery mildew and sunburn damage. Results suggest that shading at 40% increased the yield up to 20% and decreased sunburn damage up to 0% under irrigation level of 70%. Shading may be a new technique to alleviate the adverse effects of water stress beside their role in avoiding excessive solar radiation on ‘Keitt’ mango trees.

Effect of organic fertilization with Moringa oleifera seeds cake and compost on storability of Valencia orange fruits

This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at the experimental research station of National Research Centre at Nubaria, El Behera governorate, Egypt. The work aimed to test the effect of moringa seeds cake and compost on Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) fruit quality during cold storage. Treatments included; moringa seed cake 100% (3 tons/fed), compost 100% (3 tons/fed), 1 moringa seed cake: 1 compost, 1 moringa seed cake: 2 compost, 2 moringa seed cake: 1 compost and control without moringa seed cake or compost. Results showed that, application of Valencia orange trees by moringa seeds cake at 100% or in combination with compost at 2:1 ratio significantly improved fruit quality at the harvest. In addition, these treatments significantly reduced weight loss percentage and firmness deterioration of fruits during storage. Moreover, delayed the changes of fruit weight loss percentage, color values (L* and h°), firmness, juice percentage, TSS: TA ratio, ascorbic acid and carotene content. Therefore, it could be recommended that fertilizing with moringa seeds cake as a natural organic fertilizer source for substitution of some chemical fertilizers, besides its positive role in improving the fruit quality at the harvest and during storage period.

A survey of some zoonotic diseases in cattle slaughtered at local abattoir, Behera Governorate

A survey of some zoonotic diseases in cattle slaughtered at local abattoir, Behera Governorate

Biological Control of Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) By Release Coccinella Septempunctata L. On Strawberry Plants Under Glasshouse Conditions

This study was carried out to evaluate the management of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) which infesting strawberry plants Fragaria ananassa (L.) by releasing different levels of the seven spotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). This study was carried out under glasshouse conditions at two locations (Governorates), Nobariya (Behera governorate) and Perkash (Giza governorate) during season 2019/2020. The seven spotted lady beetle, C. septempunctata was released for one time at the beginning of February on strawberryplants at the two locations at rates of 30, 60 and 90 eggs/plant. In the first level of release (30 eggs/plant), at Behera Governorate the reduction percentages in the population of M. persicae increased gradually whereas it was 21.0, 31.0, 41.0, 44.0 and 50.0% in mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April, respectively. The same trend was achieved at Giza Governorate. Also, in the second level of release (60 eggs/plant), at Behera Governorate the reduction percentages in the population of M. persicae increased gradually whereas it was 27.0, 33.0, 44.0, 48.0 and 55.0% in mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April, respectively. The same trend was achieved at Giza Governorate. Lastly, at the third level of release (90 eggs/plant), at Behera Governorate the reduction percentages in the population of M. persicae increased gradually whereas it was 29.0, 37.0, 41.0, 49.0 and 52.0% in mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April, respectively. In addition, the same trend was achieved at Giza Governorate.

Development a Locale Thresher Machine for Separating Peanut Crop

A threshing process for peanut crop is considered one of the most essential agricultural operations. Therefore, the research aimed to develop a local threshing machine for separating and extracting the peanut pods from straw and other materials. This was done by replacing the normal concave with a new one with opening of 7×7cm per opening (square shape). The front sieve is replaced with its last holes in the form of slides, with a distance of 0.5 cm. And adjusting the clearance between the threshing drum and concave in range of 7cm for drum-type (1) and the clearance between the threshing drum and concave should be 5cm for drum-type (2), The experimental work was carried out at El Delengat district, Behera Governorate. The performance of the thresher was tested under three crop feeding rates of 15, 20, and 25 kg/min, meanwhile, four speeds for a threshing drum 300, 350, 400, and 450 rpm (10.99, 12.82, 14.65, and 16.48m/s) and two types of threshing drums were tested, drum-type (1) 44 knives with a concave clearance 7cm and drum-type (2) 22 knives with a concave clearance 5cm. The results conducted that, the highest threshing efficiency (99.47%) was obtained by drum type (2) under 450 rpm drum speed and 15kg/min feeding rate. The modified drum type (2) showed the lowest broken pods with an average of 1.93%. The lowest required power (12.2 kW) was shown under 300 rpm drum speed and 15 kg/min feeding rate.

Path-Coefficient Analysis and Correlation Studies on Grain Yield and its Components of some Bread Wheat Genotypes under Three Irrigation Treatments

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Descriptive clinical study of children with beta-thalassemia at Damanhour Medical National Institute

Background Thalassemia is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin synthesis. Beta-thalassemia is particularly prevalent among Mediterranean people. Long-term transfusion therapy and iron chelating agents are the mainstay treatments of thalassemia patients. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the demographic, clinical, laboratory profile, and therapeutic features of B-thalassemia patients attending the Pediatric Hematology Clinic at Damanhour Medical Institute. Patients and methods This study included 74 thalassemia patients in the age range of 2–16 years, mostly from rural areas (el Behera Governorate). The total number of thalassemia patients followed up in the Pediatric Hematology Unit at Damanhour Medical Institute is up to 400 cases; the patients of this study were selected randomly from among them. Results Dysmorphic features were demonstrated in 44% of cases; 74% of cases were receiving packed red blood cells every month and 26% were receiving packed red blood cells more than once a month. Oral iron chelator (Deferasirox) was the main chelator used. Most of the patients had serum ferritin greater than 1000 µg/ml; thyroid dysfunction was evident in 21% of cases, with no definite clinical manifestations.

Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus species Isolated from Clinical and Subclinical Mastitic Buffaloes in El-Behera Governorate, Egypt

In the present study, a total of 120 milk samples (50 clinical and 70 subclinical mastitis cases) collected from buffaloes located at different localities at El behera Governorate, Egypt were examined phenotypically and genotypically for the presence of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Results showed that 42 S. aureus and 20 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolates were recovered from the examined 120 milk samples. A total of 40 S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were further identified based on the amplification of 16S rRNA, coa, clfA, and nuc encoding genes. Results revealed that all S. aureus isolated from clinical and subclinical cases were found to harbor 16S rRNA, coa, clfA, and nuc encoding genes. Resistance against 12 antibiotics was determined using disc diffusion methods. All the tested S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, lincomycin, penicillin, and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Constitutive production of mecA and blaZ encoding resistance against penicillin and cloxacillin was reported in 70% and 20% of S. aureus and 80 % and 30% of the coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. In contrast, all isolates found to harbor the specific amplicon of the sul1 gene. The amplicon of aac-aph encoding resistance gene was observed in only 6 S. aureus isolates. The specific amplicon of norA gene was detected in 4 S. aureus and 2 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates recovered from clinical mastitis. To conclude, the emergence of multi-drug resistant S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci as a cause of mastitis in dairy farms is of public health concern requires further investigations.

Deciphering Soil Spatial Variability through Geostatistics and Interpolation Techniques

Detailed knowledge of soil properties is fundamentally important for optimizing agriculture practices and management. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of soil physicochemical properties is considered a fundamental input of any sustainable agricultural planning. In the present study, ordinary kriging, regression kriging and IDW were chosen for deciphering soil spatial variability and mapping soil properties in a reclaimed area of the Behera Governorate of Egypt where soil arose from two different types, one sandstone and the other limestone. Geostatistics were used to show the interrelationships and conditions of soil properties (available phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, EC, pH, Sp, ESP, CEC, OC, SAR, and CaCO3). The results of mapping spatial soil variability by Geostatistics could be used for precision agriculture applications. Based on the soil test results, nutrient management recommendations should be applied regarding variable rates of fertilizers. The performance of the maps was evaluated using Mean square error (MSE). Inverse distance weight (IDW) showed higher efficiency than Kriging as a prediction method for mapping the studied soil properties in the study area. The results of the present study suggest that the application of the selected fit model worldwide in any relevant study of soil properties of different geological sources is feasible.

Study the Effect of Treated Strawberry Seedlings by Triacontanol Hormone (TRIA) on the Infestation by Myzus persicae (Sulzer) under Glasshouse Conditions

This study was carried out to study the effect of treated strawberry plants, Fragaria ananassa (L.) by Triacontanol Hormone (TRIA) three concentrations on the infestation by Myzus persicae (Sulzer) under glasshouse conditions. Experiments were done in two locations (Governorates), Nobariya (Behera Governorate) and Perkash (Giza Governorate) during season 2019/2020. Three treatments (concentrations) of Triacontanol Hormone were done in both two locations, small concentration (35ppm), medium concentration (50ppm) and high concentration (65ppm), besides the fourth treatment which did not treat with any hormone (control). Strawberry plants were treated with small concentration of (TRIA) (35ppm) were lower infestation by M. persicae comparing to control. While strawberry plants which treated with medium concentration of (TRIA) (50ppm) had no clear effect on the infestation by M. persicae comparing to control. On the other hand, strawberry plants which treated with high concentration of (TRIA) (65ppm) were higher infestation by the same insect comparing to control.

Evaluation Efficiency Sticky Traps on Attraction Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Strawberry Plants Under Glasshouse Conditions

This study was carried out to evaluate efficiency sticky traps on attraction Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on strawberry plants Fragaria ananassa (L.) (Three strawberry varieties i.e. Sweet charli, Chandler and Festival) under glasshouse conditions at two locations (governorates), Nobariya (Behera governorate) and Perkash (Giza governorate) during season 2019/2020. This study contains three experiments; the first experiment aimed to evaluate the efficiency color of the sticky trap on attraction T. vaporariorum throughout comparison between four colors (yellow, red, white and blue). Results showed that the traps which have yellow color more efficiency on attractive T. vaporariorum than others which have (blue, red, and white) color, respectively. Second experiment aimed to evaluation efficiency height of the yellow sticky trap on attraction T. vaporariorum through comparison between four heights (2m, 1.5m, 1m and 0.5m) above the ground. Results showed that the trap which have 2m height above the ground more efficiency on attractive T. vaporariorum than others which have (1.5m, 1m and 0.5m) heights, respectively. Third experiment aimed to evaluation efficiency orientation of the yellow sticky trap on attraction T. vaporariorum through comparison between four orientations (North, South, East and West). Results showed that had no clearly effect of the trap orientation on attraction T. vaporariorum