Behavioral Tendencies Research Articles

Impact of behavioral finance on financial decision making

This paper highlights the disproportionate effect of behavioral finance on investor’s investing decisions. While making any financial decisions, one easily gets influenced by psychological and emotional factors. Past individual experiences, tendency or opportunity for herd behavior, personal judgment, overconfidence in one's abilities, aversion to feelings of regret, reliance on advice from experts, and last but not least, something known as the disposition effect—by which investors tend to hold on to losing investments and professionally sell profitable ones too early. The impact of these factors on the investment decision-making process varies; on the one hand, they may enhance the quality of the decision-making process by aligning investments with risk tolerance and financial goals. However, on the other hand, behavioral factors can be a cause of inefficiency if investment decisions are based more on emotions than objective analysis. In our recent research, we questioned 187 investors, using a questionnaire from whom we acquired crucial information regarding the impact of behavioral finance on financial decisions. The primary objective of the questioning was to determine the effect of behavioral finance on financial decision-making. The secondary objective was to suggest some methods for making one aware of the repercussions of impulsive or emotional decision-making and making prudent investments.

Marital status and the “S” in ESG management

ABSTRACT We analyse the ways CEO marital status and corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) might interact. Firms with married CEOs have lower incidence of negative CSI news coverage. Such firms also tend to have better employee relations and stronger diversity initiatives – employee relations and diversity initiatives are associated with reduced incidence of negative CSI coverage, but only for firms with married CEOs. Results suggest married CEOs foster a work environment that is more conducive to corporate social responsibility. We conclude that marriage is an observable proxy for pro-social behavioural tendencies that manifest in the form of less CSI. Our findings extend the literature on CEO personal characteristics and corporate outcomes.

Gambaran Kecenderungan Perilaku Self Injury pada Siswa SMP

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of junior high school students who have difficulty channeling negative emotions when facing problems. Self-injury behavior will have a negative impact on students, therefore students are expected to be able to carry out positive activities to vent their negative emotions. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the tendency of students' self-injury behavior, (2) to describe the tendency of students' self-injury behavior from the environmental dimension, (3) to describe the tendency of students' self-injury behavior from the biological dimension, (4) to describe the tendency of students' self-injury behavior from the cognitive dimension, (5) to describe the tendency of students' self-injury behavior from the affective dimension and (6) to describe the tendency of students' self-injury behavior from the behavioral dimension. The method used is quantitative descriptive, with a sample of 49 students and the instrument used is a self-injury behavior tendency instrument with a Likert scale. The results of the study showed that: (1) the tendency of self-injury behavior in students as a whole is in the moderate category (56.44%), (2) the tendency of self-injury behavior in students from the environmental dimension is in the moderate category (55.10%), (3) the tendency of self-injury behavior in students from the biological dimension is in the moderate category (61.22%), (4) the tendency of self-injury behavior in students from the cognitive dimension is in the low category (48.98%), (5) the tendency of self-injury behavior in students from the affective dimension is in the moderate category (42.86%) and (6) the tendency of self-injury behavior in students from the behavioral dimension is in the moderate category (46.94%). Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that guidance and counseling teachers provide services to reduce the tendency of self-injury behavior in students in the form of information services, individual counseling services, group counseling services and group guidance services.

Latent profiles of home behaviour problems in Trinidad and Tobago.

Caregivers who interact with children at home can provide a critical, complementary perspective on a child's behaviour functioning. This research used a parent-administered measure of problem behaviours to study perceptions of child behaviours across home situations. We applied latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of children with common behavioural tendencies in a nationally representative sample (N = 709) of 4- to 13-year-old children in Trinidad and Tobago. This study (a) identified latent profiles of children's over- and underactive behaviour problems in varied home settings and (b) examined how profile membership predicted academic skills and teacher-observed problem behaviours. The best-fitting four-profile model included one profile of adjusted behaviours (56%), one of the elevated attention-seeking behaviours (21%), a profile featuring withdrawn and disengaged behaviours (15%) and a relatively rare profile emphasising aggressive behaviours (8%). Children classified in the last profile displayed the poorest academic outcomes and the highest levels of teacher-observed behaviour problems.

Bridging gaps in the demand and supply for circular economy: Empirical insights into the symbiotic roles of consumers and manufacturing companies

Given the systemic nature of the circular economy (CE), its successful implementation necessitates a holistic approach involving all the relevant stakeholders across the production and consumption processes. This study focuses on the gap between the demand and supply of circularity by investigating transitioning profiles of consumers and manufacturing companies and examining their symbiotic roles in shaping a systemic circular transition. Using two extensive surveys involving 1000 consumers and 1443 manufacturing companies in Italy, and employing a cluster analysis methodology, we examined pro-environmental purchasing profiles among consumers and varying levels of circular practice integration among companies. The cluster analysis reveals four different consumer cluster based on their attitudes towards CE during the purchasing and post-purchasing phases. While the majority focused only on a single purchasing aspect, approximately one-third consistently optimized, preserved, and enhanced product value throughout the purchase phase and post-purchase use. Conversely, companies were grouped into five clusters according to their varying levels of circularity integration across the product life cycle. Only a small subset of companies fully embraced circularity throughout their entire product life cycle, with most concentrating their efforts on specific phases of the value chain. The findings highlight a significant gap between circular demand and supply: while the biggest cluster of companies comprises linear manufacturers, linear consumers represent the smallest segments. This underscores the need for comprehensive engagement from both manufacturers and consumers in shaping circular production and consumption. Based on a stakeholder perspective, the study opens up a discussion on how to bridge this gap, emphasizing the role of consumers with pro-circular behaviors in pushing companies to integrate circularity principles more thoroughly, and the role of companies in raising the awareness of linear consumers about the impact of their purchasing choices. By profiling circular companies and consumers and unveiling their behavioral tendencies, this research provides actionable insights for policymakers and managers navigating the circular transition.

Association between snack intake behaviors of children and neighboring women: A population-based cross-sectional analysis with spatial regionalization

BackgroundAccumulated evidence indicates that neighborhood environments affect children's health behaviors. However, measuring neighborhood environments remains challenging because there exist strengths and weaknesses both in objective and perceived environment measures. Drawing on a recent conceptual model of how environment, perception, and behavior interact, we hypothesized that neighbors' behavioral similarities indicate the combined influence of physical and social environmental opportunities on specific behaviors. We then examined how these similarities (i.e. the behavioral tendencies of children's adult neighbors) relate to children's obesogenic dietary behaviors. MethodsWe used data for 2275 women and 821 elementary schoolchildren from a 2012–2013 population-based survey in greater Tokyo, Japan. Snack intake was defined as the total consumption of various types of snacks, estimated using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Spatial regionalization, a type of spatial clustering, was used to empirically identify segments that could effectively differentiate regional variation in women's snack intake behaviors. We conducted multiple regression analysis to assess the cross-sectional association between children's snack intake and the mean snack intake of neighborhood women, adjusting for mother's intake. ResultsA 1-g increase in the mean snack intake of neighborhood women was associated with a 0.23-g (95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.45) increase in children's intake, while a 1-g increase in mother's intake was associated with a 0.34-g (95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.41) increase in children's intake. DiscussionThe results suggest that the out-of-home physical and social neighborhood environments may have non-ignorable associations with children's dietary behaviors by offering behavioral opportunities in addition to maternal influence.

Pengaruh Literasi Ekonomi dan Kontrol Diri terhadap Perilaku Pembelian Impulsif Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan

This study aims to determine the effect of economic literacy and self-control on the impulsive buying behavior of Economic Education students at HKBP Nommensen University Medan with a population of 64 Economic Education students in 2020 and 2021. The research method used in this study is a quantitative research method. The sampling technique used in this study was the total sampling method. The results of the study showed that economic literacy (X1) partially did not have a negative and significant effect on impulsive buying behavior (Y) with a t count value <t table (-0.125 <1.670). At the same time, the self-control variable (X2) has a partial effect on impulsive buying behavior (Y) with a t count value > t table, namely (5.976 > 1.670). The results of simultaneous testing (F test) showed that there was an influence between economic literacy (X1) and self-control (X2) on impulsive buying behavior (Y). This can be seen from the F count value > F table (30.174 > 2.76). It can be concluded that economic literacy and self-control have an impact on the tendency of impulsive buying behavior. In other words, if the level of understanding of economic literacy and self-control possessed by students increases, it tends to reduce impulsive buying behavior

The impact of spinal versus general anesthesia on the variability of surgical times: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

With spinal anesthesia, when cases are taking longer than usual, there may be behavioural tendencies for surgical teams to work more quickly. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine standard deviations of surgical times for single-dose spinal anesthetics versus general anesthesia. We compared ratios of mean surgical times as a secondary endpoint. We included randomized trials of humans where general or spinal anesthesia was used for one category of surgical procedure (e.g., hip arthroplasty) and the article reported the means and standard deviations of operative durations. We used statistical methods suitable for surgical times following log-normal distributions. We used generalized confidence intervals to calculate point estimates of ratios and standard errors for each study, followed by pooling among studies using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analysis with Knapp-Hartung adjustment. Among the 77 included studies, 96% were of high quality for our endpoint (i.e., had a low risk of bias), as no (0%) study focused on comparing variability of surgical times and none had surgical time as the primary endpoint. Spinal anesthesia was associated with 6.6% smaller standard deviations than general anesthesia (95% confidence interval, 15.8% smaller to 1.9% larger, P = 0.13). By meta-regression, there was no significant association of the ratios of standard deviations with study quality (P = 0.39), year of publication (P = 0.76), or categories of procedures (all five P ≥ 0.28). Spinal anesthesia was associated with 1.1% smaller means than general anesthesia (95% confidence interval, 3.7% smaller to 1.5% larger, P = 0.42). There were no significant associations between the ratios of means and study quality (P = 0.47), year of publication (P = 0.95), or categories of procedures (all five, P ≥ 0.63). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show with high confidence that the effect of choosing spinal anesthesia on variability in surgical time, if present, is sufficiently small to have no substantive direct economic effect. The same conclusion applies to mean surgical time. Therefore, although anesthetic choice has a clinical (biological) impact and affects anesthesia times, the direct effects on surgical times and workflow are minimal at most. Anesthetic choice does not influence operating theatre productivity via changes to surgical times. The impact of spinal anesthetic effects is limited to nonoperative times (e.g., reducing anesthesia-controlled times by using a block room before the patient enters the operating room). PROSPERO ( CRD42023461952 ); first submitted 8 September 2023.

Dissecting implicit food-related behaviors in Binge Eating Disorder and obesity: insights from a mobile approach-avoidance framework.

Bulimic episodes experienced by patients with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) might be sustained by an enhanced behavioral propensity to approach food stimuli. To test this hypothesis, automatic approach avoidance tendencies toward high-calorie foods (HCF), low-calorie foods (LCF), and neutral objects were assessed in a group of 23 patients with BED, and their performance was compared to the one of 17 patients with obesity without BED and a group of 32 normal weight participants. All participants performed a mobile approach-avoidance task in which they were required to approach and avoid different stimuli by respectively pulling their phone toward themselves or pushing it away. Reaction times were analyzed. Results showed a significant three-way interaction between group, type of movement and stimulus. Post-hoc analyses revealed that all the groups displayed an approach bias toward HCF. Patients with BED and healthy controls also displayed an approach bias toward LCF, a bias that was absent in obese individuals without BED. Moreover, patients with BED were faster in approaching food stimuli, both HCF and LCF, compared to healthy controls. These behavioral tendencies are quite consistent with the real-life attitudes of both BED patients and patients with obesity and might contribute to the maintenance of unhealthy eating habits such as binging in patients with BED and high-calorie diets in patients with obesity.

BoPo online, BoPo offline? Engagement with body positivity posts, positive appearance comments on social media, and adolescents' appearance-related prosocial tendencies

Encouraging prosocial tendencies toward others' physical appearance is crucial for promoting a positive body image during adolescence. Social media content that highlights positive appearance messages can significantly influence these tendencies. Hence, this three-wave panel study explored the impact of exposure to and the posting of Body Positivity (BoPo) posts and positive appearance comments on social media upon adolescents' offline prosocial behavioral tendencies towards others’ appearances, as mediated by appearance-related prosocial reasoning. Using a sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 (N = 496, Mage = 15.05, SD = 1.49; 67.9% girls), the hypotheses received partial support. At the between-person level, adolescents who more often viewed BoPo and posted positive appearance comments also reported higher appearance-related prosocial tendencies. Nonetheless, on the within-person level, only more often posting positive appearance comments predicted a change to more appearance-related prosocial reasoning from T2 to T3. Notably, the mediation pathways from exposure to and the posting of BoPo and positive appearance comments to appearance-related prosocial tendencies through prosocial reasoning were not significant. Such findings suggest the presence of more significant sources for appearance-related prosocial tendencies than social media during adolescence. Still, the between-person findings can be valuable for peer-led campaigns that aim to foster a positive body image. Such campaigns could identify adolescents with heightened appearance-related prosocial tendencies who tend to engage with body positivity posts and positive appearance comments on social media.

Is pregnancy loss (that) disenfranchised? Evidence from a vignette study

ABSTRACT Background: Perceiving that society disregards grief after pregnancy loss (disenfranchised grief) elevates bereaved parents’ psychological burden. Objective: In this research, we aimed to compare the disenfranchisement of pregnancy loss with four other loss types considering the bereaved’s gender. Method: We collected data from Turkish participants (N = 1,280) using a 5 (loss type) x 2 (gender) between-subjects design with randomly assigned vignettes. Participants reported their expected grief and behavioural tendencies toward the bereaved. We conducted MANOVA and ANOVA analyses. Results: Results revealed that participants expected higher grief for pregnancy loss than two other disenfranchised grief types (former colleague’s death, grandfather’s diagnosis with Alzheimer’s). Expected grief for pregnancy loss was higher than or similar to the level for the best friend’s loss across examinations but lower than the level for the one-year-old child’s loss. Behaviour tendencies were alike across vignettes, and their results did not paint a coherent picture. Findings did not differ by the bereaved’s gender. Conclusion: Pregnancy loss might be less disenfranchised than bereaved parents perceive it, and parents’ perceptions could be targeted in therapeutic interventions.

Revealing motor insensitivity to food in Anorexia Nervosa as a potential mechanism contributing to calorie restriction: A mobile Approach Avoidance Task study

A change in implicit behavioural tendencies toward foods may contribute to the maintenance of calorie restriction in Anorexia Nervosa (AN). To test this hypothesis, we assessed approach-avoidance tendencies toward different categories of stimuli using a novel mobile version of the approach-avoidance task (AAT). The sample included 66 patients with restrictive AN and 84 healthy controls, all females. All participants performed the AAT in which they were required to approach or avoid stimuli (high-calorie foods, low-calorie foods, and neutral objects) by respectively pulling their phone towards themselves of pushing it away. Both the response time and the force of each movement were collected by means of the smartphone's accelerometer. The results revealed that patients with AN had a reduced tendency to approach food stimuli compared to healthy controls, who instead presented faster and stronger movements in approaching rather than avoiding foods as compared to neutral objects. This finding was particularly pronounced in patients with greater levels of malnutrition. No differences were instead observed comparing high-calorie and low-calorie foods. The observed reduction in the natural tendency to approach food stimuli is consistent with patients' eating behaviour and may contribute to the maintenance of calorie restriction, thus representing a possible target for novel therapeutic approaches.

Does prior success influence risk‐taking in foreign location decisions? A prospect theory perspective

AbstractResearch SummaryResearch suggests that foreign direct investment decisions can be biased and deviate from economic theory. This study deploys prospect theory to analyze the impact of the success of previous investments on risk‐taking in subsequent investment decisions. Our theorizing suggests that prior success influences foreign investors' decisions to take host‐country risk, and that this moderating influence on the risk‐investment relation is specific to the type of risk. The results of an event‐history study of 1259 location decisions support the notion that the success of previous investments encourages investors to enter host countries with high negative or positive risk, whereas it discourages them from entering locations with high mixed risk. The effects are stronger for investment locations that are similar than for those that are dissimilar.Managerial SummaryRegarding the varying risks that investors face in foreign countries, investment decisions may sometimes appear rather confident and sometimes rather cautious. Our study relates these decisions to the success that investors had with similar investments in the past, since research suggests that experiencing gains or losses can influence decision behavior. The results suggest that prior success affects risk‐taking in foreign direct investment decisions and comes in contrary forms, depending on the type of risk: prior success leads to overconfident investment decisions in the case of negative and positive risk, whereas it induces overcautious investment decisions in the case of mixed risk. Being aware of these behavioral tendencies can prevent managers from making biased investment decisions.

How animal metaphors increase tourists’ waste classification intention?

Abstract Previous researches have shown that animal metaphors play an important role in promoting specific behavioral dispositions of individuals. However, we are not well aware of the role of animal metaphors in tourists' waste classification intentions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of animal metaphors advertising for waste classification in scenic spots (vs. non-animal metaphors advertising) on tourists' waste classification intentions. Four experiments (N=1051) were conducted in this study to examine the impacts of animal metaphors advertising in scenic spots, on tourists' waste classification intentions, which enriches the literature on the animal metaphors and tourists' pro-environmental behaviors. The results show that the animal metaphors advertising about waste classification in scenic spots can effectively increase tourists' waste classification intentions. We explored the mediating role of tourists' perceptions of cute animal images in animal metaphors advertising, and the moderating role of visual imagery for animal metaphors advertising, on the relationship between animal metaphors advertising and tourists' waste classification intentions. The results show that there is a significant interaction effect between visual imagery and animal metaphors advertising. In conclusion, this study reveals the different impacts of animal metaphors, cute images and visual imagery on individual tourists, which provides new insights for scenic spot managers to choose waste classification strategies and the looks of bins.

The Effect of Digital Storytelling on Secondary School Students' Perception of Environmental Behaviour and Affective Dispositions

The Effect of Digital Storytelling on Secondary School Students' Perception of Environmental Behaviour and Affective Dispositions

The Role of Parenting Styles and Peer Pressure in Shaping Risky Behaviour Tendencies among Undergraduate Students in Ogun State, Nigeria

The Role of Parenting Styles and Peer Pressure in Shaping Risky Behaviour Tendencies among Undergraduate Students in Ogun State, Nigeria

Minimization, denial, moralization, and exaggeration: A taxonomy of backlash to transgender recognition and rights

Transgender people's efforts for recognition, rights, and equality face backlash, particularly as they gain societal visibility. However, backlash must appear justified (rather than merely prejudiced) to be legitimate and persuasive. I present a taxonomy of 17 backlash strategies people use against transgender groups, organized into four major themes: minimization, denial, moralization, and exaggeration. These strategies range from covert to overt and from seemingly benign to hostile. A model is proposed linking backlash strategies to behavioral tendencies via emotional responses. When targets are perceived as low in power and nonthreatening, people are more likely to favor minimization and denial; As targets are perceived as more threatening, people are more likely to favor moralization and exaggeration. Minimization and denial produce amusement and contempt or reduce or circumvent negative self-focused emotions (guilt or pity). This leads to the weakening of compassion and the suppression of prosocial behaviors. Moralization and exaggeration produce disgust, fear, and anger which can lead to avoidance, punishment, and aggression. By labeling and organizing the many ways that people push back against transgender groups, people may be better able to recognize and respond to backlash. I end by proposing several counter-backlash strategies suggested by the taxonomic structure.

Factors affecting seeking psychological and psychiatric support for Turkish society.

The increase in mental health issues and awareness among individuals, compared to previous times, has contributed to recognizing this as a significant public health issue. The necessity to explore potential factors behind mental health problems has become paramount and served as the primary impetus for the current research endeavor. This study aims to explore if there is a relationship between attitudes toward seeking psychological and psychiatric support. a significant relationship between sociodemographic factors and individuals' tendency to seek psychological and psychiatric help, and if so, in what direction are these relationships? and a significant relationship between individual and social factors and individuals' tendency to seek psychological and psychiatric help, and if so, in what direction are these relationships? Microdata from the Turkey Health Survey, conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute and representative of Turkey, was used as the dataset. Increased the representative power of the data set over the universe by weighting the data set, and the Bivariate Probit Model was used to address the research questions. As a result of the study, various sociodemographic (gender, age, employment status, et al.), individual and social factors (general health status, participation in social activities, alcohol use et al.) may influence individuals' inclinations toward seeking psychological and psychiatric assistance. The research offers valuable insights for social policymakers and researchers into the behavioral tendencies of individuals seeking professional psychiatric help.

LOSS AVERSION: THE UNSEEN FORCE SHAPING INVESTMENT DECISIONS

This research paper aims to investigate the profound impact of loss aversion on individual investment decision-making, with a specific focus on its influence on risk preferences. Loss aversion, a key concept in behavioral economics, posits that individuals experience a greater psychological impact from losses than equivalent gains, thereby shaping their decision-making processes. The study employs an empirical approach, utilizing a diverse sample of individual investors to analyze how loss aversion interacts with risk preferences and influences investment choices. The research methodology involves a combination of surveys and data analysis to explore the intricate relationship between loss aversion and risk preferences. By examining real-world investment decisions in various market conditions, the study seeks to identify patterns and behavioral tendencies that emerge when individuals confront potential losses in their investment portfolios. The research design also considers demographic factors, financial literacy, and other relevant variables to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing investment choices. Ultimately, this study aims to enhance our comprehension of the psychological factors driving individual investment decisions and to inform the development of strategies that mitigate the negative impacts of loss aversion on financial outcomes.

Investigation of Superstitious Behavior Tendencies of Professional Football Players and Coaches

This study aims to elucidate the superstitious behavior tendencies of professional football players and club coaches. The research group consists of 22 football players and 9 football coaches selected through the "Criterion Sampling" method. The research is considered as basic qualitative research. These are qualitative research studies in which data are collected through documents, interviews, or observation analyses. The research design employed in this study is phenomenology (phenomenological research design) which is a qualitative research design. In this research, “Superstitious Belief” has been selected as the phenomenon and the meanings attributed to this phenomenon by football players and coaches are attempted to be revealed. Semi-structured interview forms have been prepared to identify the superstitious behavior tendencies of players and coaches. In this context, open-ended questions are asked to the participants to determine their superstitious behavior tendencies. The data obtained have been analyzed using the content analysis method. According to the findings, the Superstitious Behavior Tendency comprises a theme, a sub-theme, and six categories. Under the sub-theme of superstitious behavior tendencies among professional football players and coaches are the categories of Clothing-Appearance, Lucky Objects, Pre-match Ritual, In-match Behavior, Team Ritual, Faith and Prayer. The opinions of players and coaches regarding the questions prepared for this theme are presented. Word clouds have been created illustrating prominent codes under the identified categories based on data obtained from interviews with participants. In conclusion, beyond effective preparation and training phases for performance enhancement, it is discerned that some superstitious behavior tendencies exist among players, contributing to elevating their motivation and self-confidence to higher levels.