Behavior Of Steel Plates Research Articles

Buckling Behavior of Steel Plates and Concrete Filled Composite Shear Walls Related Nuclear Power Engineering

Based on the program of nuclear power engineering, the in-plane buckling behavior of Steel plates and concrete filled composite shear wall (SCSW) was investigated. 9 1/5 scaled specimens were conducted under horizontal cyclic load and constant vertical load. The parameters such as the space of studs, the vertical load, the form of connectors, and the thickness of the steel plate were designed to research the affection on the buckling of the steel plate. According to the results of tests, it can be seen that the bulge of the steel plate occurred at about 50mm above the top of the foundation beam. The bulge can be connected as a whole in the specimens with studs only, but not in the specimens with stiffeners. Finite element models were performed to simulate the buckling behavior of the steel plate, and the results were found to be in good agreement with the test results. The buckling stress of the steel plate was calculated by equations based on the measuring data. It was found that they were smaller than that of finite element analysis. The more accurate simulation was needed.

Experimental study on steel plates with and without notches strengthened by CFRP sheets

Steel plates strengthened by carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets were extensively studied because they can be utilized to strengthen deficient structures with irregular shapes. Although the effective bond length for strengthening plain steel structures is well known, the effective bond length for deficient steel plates remains unclear. In addition, debonding failure is a critical issue that limits the widespread application of this technique. Considering these problems, the tensile behaviour of steel plates with and without notches strengthened by CFRP sheets was experimentally studied in this paper. Semi-circular notches were created at the centre of the steel plates. CFRP sheets with different bond lengths were applied for strengthening. Furthermore, to prevent debonding failure, a G-shaped anchorage system was applied. As observed, the bond strength increased with the bond length until the bond length exceeded 400 mm. For specimens with notches in the centre, a stress concentration formed near the notch where the debonding initiated. After applying the anchorage system, the bond strength improved significantly, but debonding failure was still observed. Thus, the bond length for a steel plate with defects could be longer than that for a plain steel plate, and the weak point is the point in the specimen that undergoes the greatest change in stiffness. More importantly, the G-shaped anchorage system effectively resisted the increase in normal stress and improved the bond strength. However, due to insufficient shear stress resistance, the system ultimately could not prevent debonding and needs further improvement.

Numerical Analysis of Shear Buckling of Steel Plate with Cut Outs

For more than three decades, global attention and interest have grown in the application of steel plate walls for building lateral load resisting system. Some apparent advantages of using steel plate walls in a building include adequate energy dissipation, stable hysteretic characteristics and enhanced stiffness, strength and ductile behaviour. One of the simplest and cost effective solutions is to cut openings in steel plate in order to achieve high ductility which inturn results in an intense variation in stress distribution. In this paper, the shear buckling behaviour of a steel plate having cut outs is assessed numerically using ANSYS finite element program. The developed methodology is validated with results available in the literature. A parametric study is also carried out to study the buckling behaviour of steel plate with different shape and size of the cut outs. The study can be further modified to develop detailed methodology to perform buckling analysis of diagonally stiffened steel plate shear wall with cut outs.

Structural integrity of steel plate ultra high-performance concrete modules

Modular construction techniques allow for faster onsite construction, reduce cost and time, increase security, and facilitate flexible designs. In this study, steel plate concrete (SC) modular design benefits have been maximized by incorporating ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC). For a steel plate ultra high-performance concrete (S-UHPC) module to behave effectively, structural integrity of steel plate and UHPC is necessary. Different forms of construction for SC modules have been proposed in the past. Cross-ties method is considered to be one of the most efficient forms of construction of an SC module and has been proven to play an important role in ensuring the integrity of the module. This study investigates the structural integrity of S-UHPC modules. In addition, this paper focuses on finite element simulation (FEM) of the S-UHPC beams with emphasis on shear and bond slip behaviour. A new constitutive model is proposed to account for the bond slip behaviour of steel plates. The Cyclic Softened Membrane Model is utilized to simulate the shear behaviour of UHPC with embedded shear reinforcement. Both constitutive models are implemented into a finite element analysis programme based on the framework of OpenSees. The proposed FEM is able to capture the behaviour of the tested S-UHPC beams.

Steel Plate Behavior under Blast Loading-Numerical Approach Using LS-DYNA

Plate is one of the most common structural elements, which appears in a wide range of applications: steel bridges, blast-resistance door, and armored vehicles. In this paper, the behavior of steel plates under blast loading was studied through numerical approaches using LS DYNA and then the results were compared with the experiment results obtained from existing literatures. The study of a clamped square plate exposed to blast loading in three distinct stand-off distances. Three different methods of modeling blast loading were used, namely: empirical blast method, arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method, and coupling of Lagrangian and Eulerian method. The empirical blast method was deployed by using key card *LOAD_BLAST in LS-DYNA. In ALE method, Langrangian and Eulerian solution were combined in the same model and the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) handled by coupling algorithm. In coupling method, the engineering load blast in LS-DYNA (*LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED) was coupled with the ALE solver. In terms of central deflection and computational time, the coupling method appeared to be the best method which is very time-effective and showed a good correlation with the experiment data.

Influence of explosive weight and steel thickness on behavior of steel plates

The effective design of protective structures demands an understanding of complex physics processes involving various parameters. Thus, a considerable amount of test data is required. Because direct tests are usually very expensive, analytical methods have been used instead. Extensive analytical studies have been conducted on the effective design of steel structures. However, studies are limited on the influence of explosion conditions on the behavior of steel structures, which is the primary subject of this study. This study investigated the effects of explosive weight and steel thickness on the behavior of steel plates. It was found that explosive weight and steel thickness significantly influence the midpoint displacement, while the explosive weight changes the size and shape of the separated and remaining parts.

Influence of Blast Wave on Behavior of Steel Plate

The threat of terrorism has led to increased awareness about protecting properties from damage in terrorist attacks. With the rapid growth of the computer industry and progress in the field of finite-element analysis, evaluations of conventional weapons focus more on simulations than on experiments. There are many approaches to simulate blast and impact. These include Eulerian, Lagrangian, multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MM-ALE), and the meshless approach of smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods. Each method has distinct advantages. In this study, finite-element analysis was applied to simulate a 1 kg trinitrotoluene (TNT) blast in front of a 20-mm-thick steel plate. Three different approaches were simulated: Eulerian, MM-ALE, and SPH. Each method gave different results for the von Mises stress distribution, peak pressure, and displacement of the steel plate. A comparison of the three results implies that using one of these three approaches may generate a significant blast simulation.

Study of Tension Field Expansion on Composite Steel Plate Due to Fiber Reinforced Polymer Layer Action

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strengthening of structures has been gaining increasing interest, traditionally in application with concrete structures, and more recently in application with steel structures. Because of their unique blend of properties, composites reinforced with high performance fibers find use in many structural applications. This paper defines the effect of FRP layers on behaviour of steel plate. In this regard, some models are selected and tested by rigid frame and actuator. The experimental model is connected to a rigid frame. The FRP layer acts similar to a lateral support for the steel plate, and possesses the intelligent behavior (specified control for establishing of flexural line and further leaning towards post buckling condition), meaning that the FRP layer can lead the local flexural deflection towards the total flexure of the steel plate and effectively contributes more in resisting the shear stresses and extension of post flexure lines in steel plate and formation of composite plate. This is due to involvement of more area of steel plate to resisting of the imposed stresses. Result shows, the FRP layers would increase the stiffness, energy absorption, shear capacity and will be decreasing the ductility of steel plate as compared with composited steel plate with other materials as reinforcement concrete.

Research on the Behavior of the Steel Plated Shear Wall by Finite Element Method

From the early’ 70s till today, steel shear walls have been used as the primary lateral force resisting system in some of the significant buildings around the world. To assist understanding the behavior of this system, there have been research programs in USA, Canada, Japan, and UK. This research presents the dynamic and cyclic behavior of steel plated shear wall. In order to simulate the behavior of such a wall structure, finite element method of analysis is implemented. Several analytical models are implemented, in order to obtain the dynamic as well as cyclic behavior of such system. The material nonlinearity as well as geometrical nonlinearity along with the postbuckling behavior of steel plate subjected to cyclic loading has also been employed. The hysteresis diagrams of steel shear wall system in terms of storey shear drift are presented. The results obtained from the analyses are compared to some experimental results reported by other researchers previously. The nonlinear time history analysis of such system is carried out for different seismic response spectra. Finally, the significant factors and parameters of the steel plated shear wall which affect the overall behavior of such system are acknowledged and their effects were recognized.

Elastic Analysis on Post-Local Buckling of Steel Plates in Thin-Walled Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns

With the wide application of high-strength concrete and thin-wall steel tube in concrete-filled steel tube, it is essential to study the post-local buckling behavior of rectangle steel plates. Based on large deflection theory of plate, the post-local buckling behavior of steel plates in concrete-filled steel tube is analyzed in this paper. At the same time, the post-local stress of steel plates is obtained. The results indicate that the post-local buckling behavior of steel plates can be effectively utilized in large width-to-thickness ratios of steel plates.

Study on the Buckling of Steel Columns with one Special-Shaped Section

One large-diameter and non-circular steel tube was adopted in Henan TV tower (China). This special cross-section consists of three flat plates welded to three arc plates one by one. This paper studies the critical local buckling behavior of steel plates by using the finite element analysis method. Initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses presented in steel plates, material yielding and strain hardening were taken into account in the nonlinear analysis. An experimental study was performed to verify the capacity ability of this special steel tube. Based on the results obtained from the nonlinear finite element analyses and experiments, a set of design recommendations are provided for ensuring the safety of this special tube in Henan TV tower.

Finite Element Analysis for the Fatigue Behavior of Steel Plates Strengthened with CFRP Plates

The experimental research on six steel plates strengthened with CFRP plates, loaded in tension, shows that their fatigue lives can be greatly increased compared with un-strengthened specimens. Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is adopted to explain the mechanism of CFRP plates strengthening. The stress intensity factors of the steel plates are calculated with finite element method (FEM), and Paris law on crack propagation is used to predict the fatigue life of strengthened specimens. The comparison between experimental results and numerical predictions shows good agreements on the fatigue crack propagation.

Fatigue behaviour of low carbon steel plates with fine grained ferrite in surface layers

Low carbon steel plates with fine grained ferrite in the surface layers produced industrially by a special thermomechanical controlled process (TMCP) have been tested to investigate the effect of ferrite grain refinement on the fatigue behaviour of steel plates. Fatigue fractographs were observed and analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In plates rolled by the special TMCP (designated special plates), the ferrite grain size approached 11μm in the surface layers and reached 14 μm on average, while in usually rolled plates (designated usual plates), the grain size was 26 μm in the surface layers and 26.4 μm on average. For a similar stress condition, the fatigue lifetime of the special plates was more than 3.5 times as long as that of the usual plates; the first stage of fatigue crack propagation could be prolonged, and secondary fatigue cracks were smaller than in the usually hot rolled plates. With a lifetime 37% more than that of the usual plates, the special plates could sustain a stress range 40 MPa more than that of the usual plates. Therefore, the fatigue properties were obviously improved for the special plates with fine grains in the surface layers.

A parametric study of the post-buckling behaviour of steel plates

This paper investigates the sensitivity of the buckling and post-buckling behaviour of imperfect steel plates used in ship and related marine structures when subject to variations in their initial conditions. The different aspects analysed comprise of variation in aspect ratio, boundary conditions, initial out-of-plane imperfection and material elastic and plastic properties such as strain hardening. The analyses were carried out using the non-linear finite element program ABAQUS. The results obtained for the several plate models show that the three most relevant parameters affecting the buckling and post-buckling of uniaxially loaded plates are aspect ratio, unloaded edges boundary conditions and initial out-of-plane imperfection amplitude.