Behaviour Of Steel Plate Girders Research Articles

Behaviour of Steel Plate Girders with Double Corrugated Webs Under Uniform Bending

Behaviour of Steel Plate Girders with Double Corrugated Webs Under Uniform Bending

Numerical Investigation of Flange Buckling Behavior of Steel Plate Girders with Corrugated Webs

Numerical Investigation of Flange Buckling Behavior of Steel Plate Girders with Corrugated Webs

Influence of geometrical and structural imperfections on the behavior of steel plate girders

The girders or parts of the girders are not ideally flat in terms of their geometry. The deviations that occur are defined as geometric imperfections. Also, in the material from which the girder is made, a certain deviation may occur during factory production or for some other reason, which is known as structural imperfection. This paper presents the analysis of the behavior of plate girders (welded steel I girders), with and without material stiffening and loaded with patch loading. The results were obtained by numerical simulation in the ANSYS for models with included geometric imperfections. The model was performed in accordance with the recommendations for different behavior curves of materials from Eurocode 3. The limit load obtained by numerical simulation corresponded to the experimental results from the literature. Stress values for girders with and without geometric imperfections for the same load value were compared.

Behavior of Steel Plate Girders with Deep Section under Dynamic Effect

Having a minimum mass, equal-sized flanges and no web stiffeners is the most economical plate girder to fabricate. As with rolled I-sections, for a given section modulus a section with a greater depth will have a lower mass than one with a smaller depth, except in some instances where a thicker web is required in the deeper section. A wider flange plate to resist the buckling tendency may be necessary to use, when the compression flange is laterally unrestrained, but this will add to the cost because of the more difficult assembly procedure. In order to arrive at a minimum-mass cross section as much as possible of the material should be located in the flanges and as little as possible in the web, consistent with shear requirements. There is usually an advantage, however, in using a somewhat thicker web in order to reduce welding distortion, or to avoid the use of or number of stiffeners. It can be shown that for a given web depth to thickness ratio the minimum-mass cross section is that in which the area of the two flanges combined equals that of the web, i.e. 2Af = Aw.An important consideration in cost reduction is the use of preferred plate widths and thicknesses for the flange and web elements.

Galvanizing-Induced Distortion in Steel Plate Girders. I: Effects of Girder Geometry

AbstractThis study investigates the distortion behavior of steel plate girders under the cumulative influence of welding and hot-dip galvanizing processes and is presented in two papers. This paper...

Behavior of Steel Plate Girders with Web Opening Subjected to shear conditions

The structural behavior of steel plate girders with web opening is investigated in this study. An experimental and theoretical investigation of plate girders with different types of openings in the web was conducted. Two types of web opening is investigated (square & circular) opening. The experimental work included testing of seven plate girder specimens under two point loads. Three specimens were tested to observe the influence of the circular web opening. The influence of the presence of square web openings was studied by testing other three specimens. While the last one was tested without opening as a reference (control) specimen. These specimens had the same dimensions. From experimental results the ultimate load of girders decreases with increasing opening size, and the position of plastic hinge depends on the size of hole A nonlinear 3D finite element model was deveioped using FE program ANSYS to validate the experimental results Four- nodes shell element (SHELL 181) was used to represent the steel plate. The proposed finite element model was used to study the effect of web slenderness on shear resistance of plate girder with web opening. Equation was suggested to predict the shear resistance. The analysis study give good agreement with experimental work.

Shear behavior of steel plate girders considering variations in geometrical properties

This paper presents equations to determine the ultimate shear strength reduction factor of web plate in steel plate girders due to initial imperfection. The proposed equations are based on a parametric study of shear behavior of steel plate girders considering variation in geometrical properties of the section. 112 models with various initial imperfections, flange-to-web stiffness ratios, and web slenderness were analyzed using finite element software ABAQUS. Both geometric and material nonlinearity have been considered. According to the results, the ultimate shear strength proposed by AISC code is conservatively less than the obtained results by FEM, especially for slender plates; the difference between these two values could reach up to 60% in some cases. That is while, for compact and non-compact web plates, maximum difference is about 10%. Furthermore, it is observed that AISC elastic shear buckling strength is conservatively less than the results derived from FEM. This difference in slender and compact web plates reaches to almost 40% and 20%, respectively. This study reveals that the initial geometrical imperfection is an effective parameter on the shear strength of web plates. According to the results, the sensitivity of girders to initial imperfection is greater in non-compact-web girders than the slender or compact ones, and the maximum shear strength reduction is observed about 23% for maximum allowable imperfection as recommended in part1–5 of EC3. Based on the obtained results, a maximum permissible construction tolerance is proposed as well.

Numerical modelling of steel plate girders at normal and elevated temperatures

The main goal of this study is to increase the knowledge on the behaviour of steel plate girders subjected to shear buckling at both normal and elevated temperatures. Hence, numerical models were duly validated with experimental tests from the literature. Experimental tests on steel plate girders with different configurations were numerically reproduced, showing a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. Afterwards, applying the validated numerical models, sensitivity analyses on the influence of initial imperfections were performed. Different values for the maximum amplitude of geometric imperfections were considered and residual stresses were also taken into account. Finally, the effect of the end supports configuration was also studied aiming to understand the strength enhancement given by the rigid end support at normal temperature and evaluating if that strength enhancement is maintained in case of fire.

Shear–bending interaction in steel plate girders subjected to elevated temperatures

The purpose of the current study is to analyse the behaviour of steel plate girders with rigid and non-rigid end posts subjected to elevated temperatures, with the aim of assessing the interaction between shear and bending in case of fire. The intentional low stiffness of the flanges may precipitate the failure of these plate girders, making the interaction between shear and bending an important phenomenon which is also analysed in this work. A parametric numerical study was performed involving a wide range of cross-section's dimensions, plate girders’ aspect ratios and steel grades. Plate girders were numerically tested at both normal and elevated temperature, considering three different uniform temperatures 350°C, 500°C and 600°C. The influence of the geometrical imperfections, as well as the residual stresses, was taken into account. Finally, the numerical results were compared to the EC3 prescriptions for shear buckling and shear–bending interaction safety verifications, adapted to fire situation by the direct application of the reduction factors for the stress-strain relationship of steel at elevated temperatures.

SHEAR BUCKLING EVALUATION IN STEEL PLATE GIRDERS WITH RIGID END POSTS SUBJECTED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

The current study intends to analyse the behaviour of steel plate girders with rigid end posts subjected to elevated temperatures, aiming the assessment of the ultimate shear strength in case of fire. A parametric numerical study was performed involving a wide range of cross-section’s dimensions, plate girders’ aspect ratios and steel grades. Plate girders were numerically tested at both normal and elevated temperature, being considered three different uniform temperatures. The influence of the geometrical imperfections, as well as the residual stresses, was taken into account. Finally, the numerical results were compared to the Eurocode 3 (EC3) prescriptions, adapted to fire situation by the direct application of the reduction factors for the stress-strain relationship of steel at elevated temperatures. It was shown that the EC3 design rules should be improved because they are not conservative, conducting to unsafe results.

Effect of Web Opening on the Ultimate Capacity of Steel Plate Girders under Two Points Load

The structural behavior of steel plate girders with web opening is investigated in this study. An experimental and theoretical investigation of plate girders with circle and square openings in the web was conducted. The experimental work included testing of seven plate girder specimens under two point loads. Three specimens were tested to observe the influence of the circular web opening. The influence of the presence of square web openings was studied by testing other three specimens. The last one was tested without opening as a reference (control) specimen. These specimens had the same dimensions. The experimental results showed that the ultimate load capacity of the girders decreases with increasing the opening size, and the position of plastic hinge depends on the size of hole. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis has been used to conduct the numerical investigation of the structural behavior of plate girders with web opening. ANSYS (version 12.0) computer program was used in this study. Four- nodes shell element (SHELL 181) was used to represent the steel plate. The proposed finite element model has been used to carry out a parametric study to investigate the effects of two parameters; web slenderness and flange stiffness ratios, on the ultimate load capacity of plate girders with circular web openings.

Behavior of Steel Plate Girders with Web Openings Loaded in Shear

Behavior of Steel Plate Girders with Web Openings Loaded in Shear

Sensitivity analysis of the effect of initial imperfections on the (i) ultimate load and (ii) fatigue behaviour of steel plate girders

Abstract The study is divided into two parts: (i) in the first one, the plate girder (Fig 1) is considered to be exposed to quasi‐constant loading (ie to loads which are either constant or repeated in a very small number of cycles), while (ii) in the other one, the girder is assumed to be subjected to repeated loading. Then it is understandable that the objective of the first part should be to look into the influence of initial imperfections on the static ultimate load of the girder related to the formation of a plastic failure mechanism in it, while that of the second part was to study the effect of imperfections on the stress state under considerably lesser loads, viz under such as to correspond to the development of fatigue cracks in the girder and, consequently, to its fatigue limit state. In this case the state of stress was measured by bending stresses developing in the crack‐prone areas (Fig 4) of the web “breathing” under the repeated loads, which ‐as demonstrated by the Prague experiments ‐ occur...

Interaction of breathing with the cumulation of damage in the webs of steel plate girders

The contribution describes the main results of two Prague experimental investigations into the ‘breathing’ of slender steel webs, the first of them focusing on web breathing under repeated partial edge loading and the other upon that under repeated shear. The effect of the initiation and propagation of cracks in breathing webs on the failure mechanisms and the ultimate load behaviour of steel plate girders is studied.